scholarly journals Transient Early Fine Motor Abnormalities in Infants Born to COVID-19 Mothers Are Associated With Placental Hypoxia and Ischemia

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan-Yu Liu ◽  
Juanjuan Guo ◽  
Chang Zeng ◽  
Yuming Cao ◽  
Ruoxi Ran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Motor Abnormalities

Background: Long-term effects of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on infants born to infected mothers are not clear. Fine motor skills are crucial for the development of infant emotional regulation, learning ability and social skills.Methods: Clinical information of 100 infants born to 98 mothers (COVID-19 n = 31, non-COVID-19 n = 67) were collected. Infants were follow-up up to 9 months post-partum. The placental tissues were examined for SARS-CoV-2 infection, pathological changes, cytokines, and mtDNA content.Results: Decreased placental oxygen and nutrient transport capacity were found in infected pregnant women. Increased IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ were detected in trophoblast cells and maternal blood of COVID-19 placentas. Elevated early fine motor abnormal-ities and increased serum TNI (troponin I) levels at delivery were observed in infants born to mothers with COVID-19. Increased abnormal mitochondria and elevated mtDNA content were found in the placentas from infected mothers. The placental mtDNA content of three infants with abnormal DDST were increased by 4, 7, and 10%, respectively, compared to the mean of the COVID-19 group. The Maternal Vascular Malperfusion (MVM), elevated cytokines and increased placental mtDNA content in mothers with COVID-19 might be associated with transient early fine motor abnormalities in infants. These abnormalities are only temporary, and they could be corrected by daily training.Conclusions: Babies born to COVID-19 mothers with mild symptoms appeared to have little or no excess long-term risks of abnormal physical and neurobehavioral development as compared with the infants delivered by non-COVID-19 mothers.

Inhibition of post-partum maternal behaviour in the rat by injecting an oxytocin antagonist into the cerebral ventricles

1987 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. van Leengoed ◽  
E. Kerker ◽  
H. H. Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Maternal Behaviour ◽  
Cerebral Ventricles ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Nesting Material ◽  
The Right ◽  
Oxytocin Antagonist

ABSTRACT Endogenous oxytocin released into the brain at parturition may stimulate the onset of maternal behaviour. In this study an attempt was made to block spontaneous maternal behaviour following natural delivery in Wistar rats by the injection of an antagonist of oxytocin into the cerebral ventricles. The analogue antagonist, d(CH2)5-8-ornithine-vasotocin, was administered by injection into a chronically implanted cannula in the right lateral ventricle at hourly intervals, beginning immediately after the expulsion of the first pup. The antagonist did not interfere with the normal progress of parturition or birth-related behaviours. After delivery of the last pup, mothers rested for 40 min in the test cage with the pups having been removed. Four pups and standard nesting material were then presented. Latency to pup carrying and duration of pup manipulation, nest building, and time spent on the nest with the pups, as well as duration of autogrooming and general activity were determined. Saline-injected controls started gathering the pups immediately and usually showed all elements of maternal behaviour within 10 min. Antagonist-treated mothers showed a marked delay in the onset of pup grouping and other maternal behaviours. At the end of 1 h, two out of six mothers had not yet picked up a single infant. Pups left overnight with their mothers were gathered into the nest and suckled, and no long-term effects of the antagonist were evident on retesting. The effectiveness of oxytocin antagonist in suppressing the rapid onset of post-partum maternal behaviour supports the hypothesis that centrally released oxytocin is involved in this process. It is noteworthy that these effects were obtained in Wistar rats, a strain in which oxytocin has failed to accelerate responsiveness to pups in virgin females. J. Endocr. (1987) 112, 275–282

Early Post-Partum Contact and Later Attitudes

1980 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter de Chateau
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maternal Behaviour ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Infant Behaviour

In a randomized, prospective study the long-term effects of early post-partum skin-toskin and suckling contact was studied. In follow-up studies 36 hours, 3 and 12 months after delivery maternal behaviour, infant behaviour, the duration of breast feeding and certain attitudes towards child rearing procedures were shown to develop differently in a group of mothers and infants with early post-natal contacts as compared to a control group. Three years after delivery parents with early contact appreciated their children's language development to be faster; the number of siblings born in these families was greater than in controls. In the discussion, the relative importance of the immediate postnatal period is emphasized, a more family oriented development seems to occur in the presence of early post-delivery interaction.

scholarly journals Psychiatric Disorders in Puerperium

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahmina Afreen Daise ◽  
Nazneen Kabir ◽  
Saria Tasnim ◽  
Nahid Yesmin ◽  
AKM Badrul Ahasan
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Post Natal Depression ◽  
Women Experiences

Introduction: Post partum psychiatric illness was initially conceptualized as a group of disorders specifically linked to pregnancy and childbirth and thus was considered diagnostically distinct from other types. More recent evidence suggest that Post partum psychiatric disorder is virtually indistinguishable from psychiatric disorders that occur at other times during a woman’s life. A wide variety of disorders are seen. Recognition of disorders for the mother-infant relationship is important, because these have pernicious long-term effects but generally respond to treatment.Objective: The objective of this review is to highlight the different type of psychiatric disorders in the puerperium and their management.Materials and Methods: Literature of reputed journals were used to prepare this article with the help of pshychiatric consultant.Results: Psychiatric disorder in puperium has got different severity. Commonly encountered disorders are: Maternity blues, Post natal depression, Post partum psychosis. Most common is related to manic depression, in which neuroleptic drugs should be used with caution. Eighty five (85%) of women experiences mood changes in postpartum. About 10%-15% of women develops post partum depression. 0.1% -0.2% experience postpartum psychosis. 4,00000 children are born to depressed mothers every year.Conclusion: The obstetrics team should alert both to possible interaction between psychological and obstretics factors and to the range of psychiatric disorders that may occur during pregnancy and puperium. The obstetrics and psychiatric teams should work together to improve their services locally and high light the need for greater service provision every where ic stress disorder, obsessions of child harm, and a range of anxiety disorders all require specific psychological treatments. Postpartum depression necessitates thorough exploration. Cessation of breastfeeding is not necessary, because most antidepressant drugs seem not to affect the infant. Controlled trials have shown the benefit of involving the child’s father in therapy and of interventions promoting interaction between mother and infant. Owing to its complexity, multidisciplinary specialist teams have an important place in postpartum period. It should have clinical priority those are suffering from psychiatric problem during puperium as they are in crucial situation. It is important to recognize earliar to avoid undesirable consequences, which are harmful both for mother and infant.. According to severity patient may need counseling, social support, sometimes patient may need hospitalization in severe cases. There are several traditional methods worldwide sometimes they are beneficial and sometimes harmful to mother and infant.Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2013; Vol. 28(1) : 38-43

Differences in Psychiatric Problems and Criminality Between Individuals Treated With Central Stimulants Before and After Adulthood

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Rasmussen ◽  
Tom Palmstierna ◽  
Sten Levander
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Social Impairment ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Central Stimulants ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Life Course

Objective: The evidence for central stimulant (CS) treatment in ADHD is strong in some respects but not with respect to unselected clinical material and long-term effects over the life course cycle. The objective of this study was to explore differences in vocational, psychiatric, and social impairment, including crime and substance abuse, among adults with ADHD, treated or not, with CS drugs before age 18. Method: A clinical population of men ( N = 343) and women ( N = 129) seeking CS treatment as adults was assessed within a specific program for such treatment. Clinical information and data collected by structured instruments were available. Results: Previously CS-treated persons had a lower frequency of problems (alcohol/substance abuse, criminality), and of certain psychiatric disorders (depressive, anxiety and personality ones). Most differences were substantial. Conclusion: The study supports the assumption that CS treatment during childhood/adolescence offers some protection against the development of a range of problems known to characterize adult ADHD patients.

Long-Term Effects of Early Kwashiorkor Compared with Marasmus. III. Fine Motor Skills

1987 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 855-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janina R. Galler ◽  
Frank C. Ramsey ◽  
Patricia Salt ◽  
Esther Archer
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Fine Motor Skills ◽  
Long Term Effects

scholarly journals The Kansas University DHA Outcomes Study (KUDOS) clinical trial: long-term behavioral follow-up of the effects of prenatal DHA supplementation

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 1380-1392 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Colombo ◽  
D Jill Shaddy ◽  
Kathleen Gustafson ◽  
Byron J Gajewski ◽  
Jocelynn M Thodosoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Early Preterm Birth

ABSTRACT Background Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid that has been linked to improved vision and cognition in postnatal feeding studies and has been consistently associated with reduction of early preterm birth in prenatal supplementation trials. This is a report of the first long-term follow-up of infants from mothers receiving prenatal DHA supplementation in a US cohort. Objective Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of the prenatal supplementation on both global and granular longitudinal assessments of cognitive and behavioral development. Methods In a randomized double-blind clinical trial, mothers received either 600 mg/d of DHA or a placebo beginning at 14.5 weeks of gestation and capsules were provided until delivery. Children from those pregnancies were followed by cognitive and behavioral assessments administered from 10 mo through 6 y of age. From 301 mothers in the initial study, ∼200 infants completed the longitudinal schedule. Results Although this intervention had been shown to reduce high-risk pregnancies and improve visual attention in infants during the first year, only a few positive long-term effects of prenatal DHA supplementation emerged from analyses of this follow-up. Increases in maternal blood DHA during pregnancy were related to verbal and full scale intelligence quotient (IQ) scores at 5 and 6 y, but these effects disappeared after controlling for SES. Maternal blood DHA concentrations at delivery were unrelated to outcomes, although maternal DHA at enrollment was related to productive vocabulary at 18 mo. Conclusions Although prenatal DHA supplementation substantially reduced early preterm birth and improved visual attention in infancy in this sample, no consistent long-term benefits were observed into childhood. Increases in maternal blood DHA concentration in pregnancy were related to higher IQs but this effect was confounded with SES and disappeared when SES was statistically controlled. This trial was registered at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00266825 and NCT02487771.

scholarly journals Maternal biomarker patterns for metabolism and inflammation in pregnancy are influenced by multiple micronutrient supplementation and associated with childrens’s biomarker patterns and nutritional status at 9-12 years of age in Lombok, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidwina Priliani ◽  
Sukma Oktavianthi ◽  
Elizabeth L. Prado ◽  
Safarina G. Malik ◽  
Anuraj H. Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Multiple Micronutrient ◽  
In Pregnancy

AbstractMaternal nutritional status influences fetal development and long-term risk for adult non-communicable diseases. The underlying mechanisms of these long-term effects remain poorly understood. We examined whether maternal biomarkers for metabolism and inflammation during pregnancy were associated with child biomarkers in the Supplementation with Multiple Micronutrients Intervention Trial (SUMMIT, ISRCTN34151616) in Lombok, Indonesia wherein archived blood specimens and relevant data were available from pregnant women and their children 9-12 years after birth. Forty-four mother-child dyads comprising 132 specimens were analyzed by multiplex microbead immunoassays to quantify vitamin D-binding protein (D), adiponectin (A), retinol-binding protein 4 (R), C-reactive protein (C), and leptin (L). Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed distinct variance patterns, i.e. principal components (PC), for baseline pregnancy bp.pc1.D↓A↓R↓ and bp.pc2.C↓L↑; combined follow-up and post-partum dp-pp.pc1.D↑↓A↑R↑↓L↓ and dp-pp.pc2.A↑C↑L↑; and children ch.pc1.D↑R↑C↑ and ch.pc2.D↓A↑L↑. Maternal multiple micronutrient (MMN) supplementation modified the association between baseline maternal bp.pc2.C↓L↑ and post-supplementation maternal dp-pp.pc2.A↓C↑L↑ (p=0.022). Significant associations were found between maternal dp-pp.pc2.A↑C↑L↑ and increased child ‘s ch.pc1.D↑R↑C↑ (p=0.036), and decreased child ‘s BMI z-score (BMIZ) (p=0.022); and between maternal dp-pp.pc1.D↑↓A↑R↑↓L↑ and increased child ‘s BMIZ (p=0.036). Child ‘s ch.pc1.D↑R↑C↑ was associated with decreased birth weight (p=0.036), and increased child’s BMIZ (p=0.002); and ch.pc2.D↓A↑L↑ was associated with increased child’s BMIZ (p=0.005), decreased maternal height (p=0.030) and girls (p=0.002). Elevated adiponectin and leptin pattern in pregnancy was associated with increased C-reactive protein and vitamin A and D binding proteins pattern in children, suggesting biomarkers acting in concert may be more important than single biomarker effects. Patterns in pregnancy proximal to birth were more associated with child status, and child patterns were most frequently associated with child status, particularly child BMI. Although MMN supplementation and certain maternal biomarker patterns have effects on metabolism and inflammation in pregnancy and in the child, nevertheless, nutrition conditions after birth may have a greater impact.

Neonatal Hyperviscosity: Randomized Study of Effect of Partial Plasma Exchange Transfusion on Long-Term Outcome

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 1048-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia D. Black ◽  
Lula O. Lubchenco ◽  
Beverly L. Koops ◽  
Ronald L. Poland ◽  
Douglas P. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Exchange ◽  
Exchange Transfusion ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Motor Abnormalities

The use of partial plasma exchange transfusion in newborns with polycythemia and hyperviscosity was evaluated. Ninety-three infants with polycythemia and hyperviscosity were randomly assigned to receive either partial plasma exchange transfusion or symptomatic treatment; the infants were matched with control infants without polycythemia. Neonatal course and outcome at 1 and 2 years were evaluated for each of the three groups. Polycythemic infants had more fine motor and speech problems at 1 year of age than did control infants. At 2 years of age, polycythemic infants had more gross motor delays, neurologic diagnoses, fine motor abnormalities, and speech delays than did the control infants. There was no significant difference at 1 year between the polycythemic infants who had received partial plasma exchange transfusion and those given only symptomatic care. At 2 years, the group receiving partial plasma exchange transfusion had fewer neurologic diagnoses and fine motor abnormalities.

Exercise Interventions in Children and Adolescents With ADHD: A Systematic Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Neudecker ◽  
Nadine Mewes ◽  
Anne K. Reimers ◽  
Alexander Woll
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Adhd Symptomatology

Objective: Exercise has attracted attention as a potential helpful intervention in children with ADHD. Effects are emphasized on cognition, social-emotional, and motor development. Method: A systematic literature search was conducted using the electronic databases Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and ERIC to analyze the efficacy of different types of exercise interventions in children and adolescents with ADHD. Seven studies examining the acute and 14 studies examining the long-term effects were included. Results: The largest effects were reported for mixed exercise programs on ADHD symptomatology and fine motor precision. However, because of the large differences in the study designs, the comparability is limited. Conclusion: At this time, no evidence-based recommendation can be formulated regarding frequency, intensity, or duration of exercise. Nevertheless, some first trends regarding the effects of certain types of exercise can be identified. When focusing on long-term health benefits in children and adolescents with ADHD, qualitative exercise characteristics might play an important role.

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