scholarly journals An Update on the Effects of Probiotics on Gastrointestinal Cancers

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirhossein Davoodvandi ◽  
Farzaneh Fallahi ◽  
Omid Reza Tamtaji ◽  
Vida Tajiknia ◽  
Zarrin Banikazemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Clinical Investigations ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Gi Cancers ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Because of their increasing prevalence, gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are regarded as an important global health challenge. Microorganisms residing in the human GI tract, termed gut microbiota, encompass a large number of living organisms. The role of the gut in the regulation of the gut-mediated immune responses, metabolism, absorption of micro- and macro-nutrients and essential vitamins, and short-chain fatty acid production, and resistance to pathogens has been extensively investigated. In the past few decades, it has been shown that microbiota imbalance is associated with the susceptibility to various chronic disorders, such as obesity, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, psychiatric disorders, and various types of cancer. Emerging evidence has shown that oral administration of various strains of probiotics can protect against cancer development. Furthermore, clinical investigations suggest that probiotic administration in cancer patients decreases the incidence of postoperative inflammation. The present review addresses the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of action of probiotics against GI cancers. The safety of the most commercial probiotic strains has been confirmed, and therefore these strains can be used as adjuvant or neo-adjuvant treatments for cancer prevention and improving the efficacy of therapeutic strategies. Nevertheless, well-designed clinical studies are still needed for a better understanding of the properties and mechanisms of action of probiotic strains in mitigating GI cancer development.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Activities of a Chinese Herbal Formula IBS-20In VitroandIn Vivo

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhonghan Yang ◽  
Viktoriya Grinchuk ◽  
Siu Po Ip ◽  
Chun-Tao Che ◽  
Harry H. S. Fong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Symptom Relief ◽  
Herbal Extract ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase 2 ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional bowel disorder and the etiology is not well understood. Currently there is no cure for IBS and no existing medication induces symptom relief in all patients. IBS-20 is a 20-herb Chinese medicinal formula that offers beneficial effects in patients with IBS; however, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. This study showed that IBS-20 potently inhibited LPS- or IFNΓ-stimulated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as classically activated macrophage marker nitric oxide synthase 2. Similarly, IBS-20 or the component herbCoptis chinensisdecreased LPS-stimulated pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion from JAWS II dendritic cells. IBS-20 or the component herbs also blocked or attenuated the IFNΓ-induced drop in transepithelial electric resistance, an index of permeability, in fully differentiated Caco-2 monolayer. Finally, the up-regulation of key inflammatory cytokines in inflamed colon from TNBS-treated mice was suppressed significantly by orally administrated IBS-20, including IFNΓ and IL-12p40. These data indicate that the anti-inflammatory activities of IBS-20 may contribute to the beneficial effects of the herbal extract in patients with IBS, providing a potential mechanism of action for IBS-20. In addition, IBS-20 may be a potential therapeutic agent against other Th1-dominant gut pathologies such as inflammatory bowel disease.

scholarly journals PROBIOTICS IN GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES: ALL THAT GLITTERS IS NOT GOLD

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debora Compare ◽  
Costantino Sgamato ◽  
Olga Maria Nardone ◽  
Alba Rocco ◽  
Pietro Coccoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Symptomatic Improvement ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Digestive Diseases ◽  
Gastrointestinal Conditions ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

Background: Multiple lines of evidence now support the notion that gut microbiota can contribute to digestive and extra-digestive diseases. The emergence of these observations enabled to postulate a bacteria-centric paradigm upon which to rethink the treatment of many diseases. The goal of therapy should not be to eradicate the flora but to modify it in a way that leads to symptomatic improvement; thus, the interest in the use of probiotics to modulate microbiota composition has increased worldwide in both community and healthcare settings. Summary: The results of published studies are conflicting for most probiotic strains and formulations, and clinicians and consumers need a better understanding of probiotic risks and benefits. Currently, clear guidelines on when to use probiotics and the most effective probiotic for different gastrointestinal conditions are still lacking. Here we reviewed the studies on the use of probiotics in some diseases of relevant interest to gastroenterologists, such as Helicobacter pylori infection, irritable bowel syndrome, and inflammatory bowel disease. Key message: Although the evidence is relevant and promising for probiotics in general, and for specific strains and combinations of strains, it is not yet sufficient to draw unequivocal conclusions and clear recommendations.

scholarly journals Probióticos en Síndrome de Intestino Irritable: ¿Están listos para la práctica clínica?

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Valdovinos-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Superior Effect ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Quality Evidence

Probiotics are used as non-pharmacological therapy for Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). Probiotics have mechanisms of action that can influence the complex pathophysiology of IBS. Evidence of the efficacy and safety of probiotics in IBS is based on various meta-analysis that showed these agents have a limited but superior effect on the management of IBS. The recommendations on the use of probiotics in IBS in the clinical practice guidelines published to date remain controversial. Some recommend the use of probiotics for global symptoms and abdominal pain, while others state that there is low quality evidence for a recommendation. Currently, probiotics are frequently prescribed by doctors for the treatment of patients with IBS. A greater number of high-quality clinical trials are needed to define which probiotic strains are effective in the different IBS phenotypes.

Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Ferula hermonis Boiss. – A Review

Drug Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (08) ◽  
pp. 437-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zohreh Sattar ◽  
Mehrdad Iranshahi
Keyword(s):  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Estrogen Receptors ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Clinical Investigations ◽  
Prevention Of Osteoporosis ◽  
Agonistic Activity ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

AbstractFerula hermonis, a well-known species of the genus Ferula found in Lebanon and Syria, has a brilliant history in traditional medicine as it has been used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction in men and menopausal disturbances in women. Thanks to modern pharmacological and clinical investigations, F. hermonis is a valuable medicinal and condimental plant that may be used for the treatment of impotence and diabetes, the prevention of osteoporosis, and possesses anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties. Phytochemical investigations have shown that this plant contains daucane aryl esters such as ferutinin, which has exhibited various biological activities including hypoglycemic and estrogenic activities. Ferutinin is one of the strongest natural phytoestrogen which has agonistic activity on estrogen receptors, particularly α receptor. It seems that ferutinin and its derivatives play an important role in F. hermonis biological activities, mainly the beneficial effects of this plant on impotence, diabetes and osteoporosis. The present review discusses the available data on the active constituents and biological activities of F. hermonis and their possible underlying mechanisms of action.

Autophagy Modulators and Neuroinflammation

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 955-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoung Sang Cho ◽  
Jang Ho Lee ◽  
Jeiwon Cho ◽  
Guang-Ho Cha ◽  
Gyun Jee Song
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Therapeutic Tools ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Background: Neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the development and progression of various neurological disorders. Therefore, various studies have focused on the development of neuroinflammation inhibitors as potential therapeutic tools. Recently, the involvement of autophagy in the regulation of neuroinflammation has drawn substantial scientific interest, and a growing number of studies support the role of impaired autophagy in the pathogenesis of common neurodegenerative disorders. Objective: The purpose of this article is to review recent research on the role of autophagy in controlling neuroinflammation. We focus on studies employing both mammalian cells and animal models to evaluate the ability of different autophagic modulators to regulate neuroinflammation. Methods: We have mostly reviewed recent studies reporting anti-neuroinflammatory properties of autophagy. We also briefly discussed a few studies showing that autophagy modulators activate neuroinflammation in certain conditions. Results: Recent studies report neuroprotective as well as anti-neuroinflammatory effects of autophagic modulators. We discuss the possible underlying mechanisms of action of these drugs and their potential limitations as therapeutic agents against neurological disorders. Conclusion: Autophagy activators are promising compounds for the treatment of neurological disorders involving neuroinflammation.

Are Viruses and Parasites Linked to Celiac Disease? A Question that Still has no Definite Answer

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 1181-1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aref Shariati ◽  
Hamid R. Aslani ◽  
Mohammad R.H. Shayesteh ◽  
Ali Taghipour ◽  
Ahmad Nasser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
The People ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Related Proteins

Celiac Disease (CD) is a complex autoimmune enteropathy of the small intestine that commonly occurs in genetically predisposed individuals due to intake of gluten and related proteins. Gluten consumption, duration of breast-feeding, various infections, especially frequent intestinal infections, vaccinations and use of antibiotics can be linked to CD. It is predicted that it affects 1% of the global population and its incidence rate is increasing. Most of the people with the HLA-DQ2 or HLADQ8 are at a higher risk of developing this disease. The link between infections and autoimmune diseases has been very much considered in recent years. In several studies, we explained that pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms might have multiple roles in initiation, exacerbation, and development of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). In various studies, the relationship between infections caused by viruses, such as Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), Rotavirus, Hepatitis C (HCV), Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Influenza virus, and parasites including Giardia spp. and Toxoplasma gondii with CD has been raised. However, increasing evidence proposes that some of these microorganisms, especially helminths, can also have protective and even therapeutic roles in the CD process. Therefore, in order to determine the role of microorganisms in the process of this disease, we attempted to summarize the evidence suggesting the role of viral and parasitic agents in pathogenesis of CD.

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