scholarly journals Edible Bird’s Nest: Recent Updates and Industry Insights Based On Laboratory Findings

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kian Chung Chok ◽  
Ming Guan Ng ◽  
Khuen Yen Ng ◽  
Rhun Yian Koh ◽  
Yee Lian Tiong ◽  
...  

Edible bird’s nest (EBN) is a traditional Chinese delicacy made of the saliva of swiftlets found in Southeast Asia. With increasing demands for EBN, quality control of EBN products is important for safe consumption. The processing steps are particularly important for efficient extraction of bioactive compounds. Geographical location, collection place, and harvesting season contribute to differences in nutritional contents in EBN. Concerns regarding presence of adulterant, chemical, and microbial contaminants in EBN as well as authentication and chemical composition measuring methods are discussed in this review. Recent discoveries of beneficial health functions of EBN in antimicrobial and antiviral actions, immunomodulation, cancer prevention and treatment, tissue regeneration, cardiometabolic maintenance, antioxidant action and neuroprotection are also reviewed. Our review provides an update on the recent research on EBN.

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siming Li ◽  
Hao Xu

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death. As the main treatment of CHD, modern medicine has improved dramatically in recent years. Although researches of TCM and integrative medicine on CHD are witnessed encouraging progress in many respects, the role TCM playing in the prevention and treatment of CHD has been unprecedentedly challenged under such circumstance of the very fast development of modern medicine. In order to share mutual complementary advantages of TCM and western medicine, this review summarizes the relatively prominent researches of TCM and integrative medicine on CHD in recent years, and illuminates the issue of the orientation of the further research of integrative medicine on CHD, including (1) original innovation of TCM etiology and pathogenesis, (2) combination of disease and TCM syndrome, (3) biological basis of TCM syndrome of CHD, (4) clinical design and quality control of integrative medicine research, (5) herb-drug interaction, (6) difficulties and hot issues of modern medicine.


2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 451-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mauder ◽  
T. Foken ◽  
R. Clement ◽  
J. A. Elbers ◽  
W. Eugster ◽  
...  

Abstract. As part of the quality assurance and quality control activities within the CarboEurope-IP network, a comparison of eddy-covariance software was conducted. For four five-day datasets, CO2 flux estimates were calculated by seven commonly used software packages to assess the uncertainty of CO2 flux estimates due to differences in post-processing. The datasets originated from different sites representing different commonly applied instrumentation and different canopy structures to cover a wide range of realistic conditions. Data preparation, coordinate rotation and the implementation of the correction for high frequency spectral losses were identified as crucial processing steps leading to significant discrepancies in the CO2 flux results. The overall comparison indicated a good although not yet perfect agreement among the different software within 5–10% difference for 30-min CO2 flux values. Conceptually different ideas about the selection and application of processing steps were a main reason for the differences in the CO2 flux estimates observed. A balance should be aspired between scientific freedom on the one hand, in order to advance methodical issues, and standardisation of procedures on the other hand, in order to obtain comparable fluxes for multi-site synthesis studies.


2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Holinde ◽  
T. H. Badewien ◽  
J. A. Freund ◽  
E. V. Stanev ◽  
O. Zielinski

Abstract. The quality of water level time series data strongly varies with periods of high- and low-quality sensor data. In this paper we are presenting the processing steps which were used to generate high-quality water level data from water pressure measured at the Time Series Station (TSS) Spiekeroog. The TSS is positioned in a tidal inlet between the islands of Spiekeroog and Langeoog in the East Frisian Wadden Sea (southern North Sea). The processing steps will cover sensor drift, outlier identification, interpolation of data gaps and quality control. A central step is the removal of outliers. For this process an absolute threshold of 0.25 m 10 min−1 was selected which still keeps the water level increase and decrease during extreme events as shown during the quality control process. A second important feature of data processing is the interpolation of gappy data which is accomplished with a high certainty of generating trustworthy data. Applying these methods a 10-year data set (December 2002–December 2012) of water level information at the TSS was processed resulting in a 7-year time series (2005–2011). Supplementary data are available at doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.843740.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lishan Huang ◽  
Ruiyu Chen ◽  
Libin Liu ◽  
Yu Zhou ◽  
Zhou Chen

Pathological myocardial hypertrophy, which lacks effective prevention and treatment strategies, makes the elderly susceptible to various cardiovascular diseases. Based on the beneficial attributes of lactoferrin in aging-related diseases, we aimed...


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candice Hall ◽  
Robert Jensen

This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering Technical Note (CHETN) guides users through the quality control (QC) and processing steps that are necessary when using archived U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) wave and meteorological data. This CHETN summarizes methodologies to geographically clean and QC NDBC measurement data for use by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) user community.


2018 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 145-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zack C.F. Wong ◽  
Gallant K.L. Chan ◽  
Long Wu ◽  
Henry H.N. Lam ◽  
Ping Yao ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladislav Šigut ◽  
Pavel Sedlák ◽  
Milan Fischer ◽  
Georg Jocher ◽  
Thomas Wutzler ◽  
...  

<p><span lang="EN-US">The eddy covariance method provides important insights about CO<sub>2</sub>, water and energy exchange-related processes on the ecosystem scale level. Data are collected quasi-continuously with sampling frequency 10 Hz at minimum, often throughout multiple years, producing large datasets. Standard data processing methods are already devised but undergo continuous refinements that should be reflected in the available software. Currently, a suite of software packages is available for computation of half-hourly products from high frequency raw data. However, software packages consolidating the further post-processing computations are not yet that common. The post-processing steps can consist of quality control, footprint modelling, computation of storage fluxes, gap-filling, flux partitioning and data aggregation. Also they can be realized in different programming languages and require various input data formats. Users would therefore often evaluate only certain aspects of the dataset which limits the amount of extractable information from obtained data and they possibly omit the features that could affect data quality or interpretation. Here we present the free R software package openeddy (<a href="https://github.com/lsigut/openeddy">https://github.com/lsigut/openeddy</a>) that provides utilities for input data handling, extended quality control checks, data aggregation and visualization and that includes a workflow (<a href="https://github.com/lsigut/EC_workflow">https://github.com/lsigut/EC_workflow</a>) that attempts to integrate all post-processing steps through incorporation of other free software packages, such as REddyProc (<a href="https://github.com/bgctw/REddyProc/">https://github.com/bgctw/REddyProc/</a>). The framework is designed for the standard set of eddy covariance fluxes, i.e. of momentum, latent and sensible heat as well as CO<sub>2</sub>. Special attention was paid to the visualization of results at different stages of processing and at different time resolutions and aggregation steps. This allows to quickly check that computations were performed as expected and it also helps to notice issues in the dataset itself. Finally, the proposed folder structure with defined post-processing steps allows to organize data in different stages of processing for improved ease of use. Produced workflow files document the whole processing chain and its possible adaptations for a given site. We believe that such a tool can be particularly useful for eddy-covariance novices, groups that cannot or do not contribute their data to regional networks for further processing or users that want to evaluate their data independently. This or similar efforts can also help to save human resources or speed up the development of new methods.</span></p> <p><span lang="EN-US">This work was supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic within the CzeCOS program, grant number LM2015061, and within Mobility CzechGlobe 2, grant number CZ.02.2.69/0.0/0.0/18_053/0016924.</span></p>


2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Alia Azmi ◽  
Ting Hun Lee ◽  
Chia Hau Lee ◽  
Norfadilah Hamdan ◽  
Kian Kai Cheng

Edible Bird’s Nest (EBN) has been used as a health modulator for many centuries. Nutrient degradation in EBN always happen during cleaning process due to many factors such as temperature and long soaking time in water. The present study attempts to find the difference between unclean and cleaned EBN in their amino acid composition. A total of 65 EBN samples were collected directly from swiftlet premises in 13 states of Malaysia to ensure the coverage of geographical location differences. A standardized cleaning method had been adapted from the industry to clean the collected EBN sample in the lab. Then it was analysed for amino acids composition. After that OPLS-DA multivariate model was used to discriminate the unclean and cleaned EBN on 18 types of amino acids composition. The model was robust with classification and predictive ability of 76.1% and 64.5%, respectively. The model was further validated with sample blind test and 100% of the sample was accurately fall into their respective cluster, unclean and cleaned EBN. The findings suggest that three major amino acids with the highest VIP value were Aspartic acid, Methionine and Glutamic acid and proposed as the marker for discriminating the unclean and cleaned EBN.


Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1246
Author(s):  
Mahesh Ramanan ◽  
Andrew Shorr ◽  
Jeffrey Lipman

Ventriculitis, or infection of the cerebrospinal fluid, in the presence of external ventricular drains (EVD), is an important complication and associated with substantial mortality, morbidity, and healthcare costs. Further, the conditions that require the insertion of an EVD, such as neurotrauma and subarachnoid hemorrhage, are themselves associated with inflammation of the cerebrospinal fluid. Phenotypically, patients with inflammation of the cerebrospinal fluid can present with very similar symptoms, signs, and laboratory findings to those with infection. This review examines various controversies relating to the definitions, diagnosis, challenges of differentiating infection from inflammation, prevention, and treatment of ventriculitis in patients with EVDs.


2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 4067-4099 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mauder ◽  
T. Foken ◽  
R. Clement ◽  
J. A. Elbers ◽  
W. Eugster ◽  
...  

Abstract. As part of the quality assurance and quality control activities within the CarboEurope-IP network, a comparison of eddy-covariance software was conducted. For four five-day datasets, CO2 flux estimates were calculated by seven commonly used software packages to assess the uncertainty of CO2 flux estimates due to differences in post-processing. The datasets originated from different sites representing different commonly applied instrumentation and different canopy structures to cover a wide range of realistic conditions. Data preparation, coordinate rotation and the implementation of the correction for high frequency spectral losses were identified as crucial processing steps leading to significant discrepancies in the CO2 flux results. The overall comparison indicated a good although not yet perfect agreement among the different software within 5–10% difference for 30-min CO2 flux values. Conceptually different ideas about the selection and application of processing steps were a main reason for the differences in the CO2 flux estimates observed. A balance should be aspired between scientific freedom on the one hand, in order to advance methodical issues, and standardisation of procedures on the other hand, in order to obtain comparable fluxes for multi-site synthesis studies.


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