A Risk-Based Approach for Managing Aquaculture Used Oxytetracycline-Induced TetR in Surface Water Across Taiwan Regions

Oxytetracycline (OTC), one of the most important antibiotics in aquaculture industry, has been linked to emergence of antibiotic resistant genes in the aquatic environment. Given rapid growth of the aquaculture industry and unregulated use of antibiotics, it is necessary to implement measures to mitigate the impact of antibiotic resistance risk on environmental and human health. However, there is a lack of quantitative models to properly assess risk of antibiotic resistance associated with environmentally relevant antibiotic residues. To address this issue, here we developed a computational framework to assess antibiotic resistance risk posed by low-concentration OTC in aquaculture ponds and rivers across Taiwan regions. To this end, estimated amount of aquaculture used OTC as a crucial input parameter was incorporated into a multimedia fugacity model to predict environmental concentrations of OTC in surface water/sediment. A pharmacodynamic-based dose–response model was used to characterize the OTC concentration–antibiotic resistance relationships. The risk of antibiotic resistance selection in an aquatic environment could be assessed based on a probabilistic risk model. We also established a control measure model to manage the risks of substantial OTC-induced antibiotic resistance impacts. We found that OTC residues were likely to pose a high risk of tetracycline resistance (tetR) genes selection in aquaculture ponds among all the study basins, whereas risk of tetR genes selection in rivers experienced a variably changing fashion. We also showed that it was extremely difficult to moderate the tetR genes selection rates to less than 10% increase in aquaculture ponds situated at northeastern river basins in that the minimum reductions on OTC emission rates during spring, summer, and autumn were greater than 90%. On the other hand, water concentrations of OTC during spring and summer in southwestern rivers should be prioritized to be severely limited by reducing 67 and 25% of OTC emission rate, respectively. Overall, incorporating a computational fugacity model into a risk assessment framework can identify relative higher risk regions to provide the risk-based control strategies for public health decision-making and development of robust quantitative methods to zero-in on environment with high risk of tetR genes selection in relation to aquaculture-used pharmaceutical residues.

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Antibiotic Residue in the Aquatic Environment: Status in Africa

Open Chemistry ◽

10.1515/chem-2018-0099 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 890-903 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

A.C. Faleye ◽

A.A. Adegoke ◽

K. Ramluckan ◽

Faizal Bux ◽

T. A. Stenström

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Surface Water ◽

Aquatic Environment ◽

Human Population ◽

Potable Water ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽

Fecal Matter ◽

Sanitation Systems ◽

Poor Nutrition ◽

Antibiotic Residue

AbstractInformation on the presence of antibiotics is sparse for all types of water in Africa, including groundwater, surface water, effluent of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and municipal potable water. With the relatively high sales of different antibiotics to treat infectious diseases in the human population of Africa, the residual of the antibiotics is bound to be released through excretion via urine or fecal matter in parallel to the high sales. This article reviews the published analysis on the occurrence of antibiotics in the environment particularly in the aquatic environment in some countries in Africa. In general, sulfamethoxazole was the most commonly detected in Africa surface water (with eight reports from four countries) at a concentration range of 0.00027 – 39 μgL-1. Wastewater analysis is believed to give an early warning for preventing epidemics. Thus, we discuss the associated level of antibiotic resistance to some prevalent diseases in Africa whose aetiological agents can develop antibiotic resistance due to exposure to antibiotic residue in water. This is important because of rising population of immuno-deficient African residents ravaged by HIV/AIDS, poor nutrition and less efficient sanitation systems.

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Limiting Vancomycin Exposure in Pediatric Oncology Patients With Febrile Neutropenia May Be Associated With Decreased Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus Incidence

Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society ◽

10.1093/jpids/piz064 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 428-436 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Manjiree V Karandikar ◽

Carly E Milliren ◽

Robin Zaboulian ◽

Poornima Peiris ◽

Tanvi Sharma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

High Risk ◽

Febrile Neutropenia ◽

Pediatric Oncology ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus ◽

Post Intervention ◽

Oncology Patients ◽

Vancomycin Resistant ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Limited data exists regarding the effects of empiric antibiotic use in pediatric oncology patients with febrile neutropenia (FN) on the development of antibiotic resistance. We evaluated the impact of a change in our empiric FN guideline limiting vancomycin exposure on the development of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus in pediatric oncology patients. Methods Retrospective, quasi-experimental, single-center study using interrupted timeseries analysis in oncology patients aged ≤18 years with at least 1 admission for FN between 2009 and 2015. Risk strata incorporated diagnosis, chemotherapy phase, Down syndrome, septic shock, and typhlitis. Microbiologic data and inpatient antibiotic use were obtained by chart review. Segmented Poisson regression was used to compare VRE incidence and antibiotic days of therapy (DOT) before and after the intervention. Results We identified 285 patients with 697 FN episodes pre-intervention and 309 patients with 691 FN episodes postintervention. The proportion of high-risk episodes was similar in both periods (49% vs 48%). Empiric vancomycin DOT/1000 FN days decreased from 315 pre-intervention to 164 post-intervention (P < .01) in high-risk episodes and from 199 to 115 in standard risk episodes (P < .01). Incidence of VRE/1000 patient-days decreased significantly from 2.53 pre-intervention to 0.90 post-intervention (incidence rate ratio, 0.14; 95% confidence interval, 0.04–0.47; P = .002). Conclusions A FN guideline limiting empiric vancomycin exposure was associated with a decreased incidence of VRE among pediatric oncology patients. Antimicrobial stewardship interventions are feasible in immunocompromised patients and can impact antibiotic resistance.

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The occurrence of priority substances in surface water

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20185900011 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 59 ◽

pp. 00011

Author(s):

Katarzyna Moraczewska-Majkut ◽

Katarzyna Kalemba

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Human Health ◽

Water Framework Directive ◽

Aquatic Environment ◽

Legal Aspects ◽

Priority Substances ◽

A Priority ◽

The Impact

In the article the presence of substances, specified in the Water Framework Directive as a priority, in the aquatic environment was analyzed. The impact of priority substances on organisms especially on human health and ways of reducing their occurrence was discussed. Particular attention was paid to the legal aspects of the presence of these compounds in the aquatic environment and the principles of monitoring of priority substances.

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Host adaptation and convergent evolution increases antibiotic resistance without loss of virulence in a major human pathogen

10.1101/370940 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Alicia Fajardo-Lubián ◽

Nouri L. Ben Zakour ◽

Alex Agyekum ◽

Jonathan R. Iredell

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

High Risk ◽

Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Significant Loss ◽

Mammalian Host ◽

Bacterial Survival ◽

Human Pathogen ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

The Impact

AbstractAs human population density and antibiotic exposure increases, specialised bacterial subtypes have begun to emerge. Arising among species that are common commensals and infrequent pathogens, antibiotic-resistant ‘high-risk clones’ have evolved to better survive in the modern human. Here, we show that the major matrix porin (OmpK35) ofKlebsiella pneumoniaeis not required in the mammalian host for colonisation, pathogenesis, nor for antibiotic resistance, and that it is commonly absent in pathogenic isolates. This is found in association with, but apparently independent of, a highly specific change in the co-regulated partner porin, the osmoporin (OmpK36), which provides enhanced antibiotic resistance without significant loss of fitness in the mammalian host. These features are common in well-described ‘high-risk clones’ ofK. pneumoniae, as well as in unrelated members of this species and similar adaptations are found in other members of the Enterobacteriaceae that share this lifestyle. Available sequence data indicates evolutionary convergence, with implications for the spread of lethal antibiotic-resistant pathogens in humans.Author summaryKlebsiella pneumoniaeis a Gram-negative enterobacteria and a significant cause of human disease. It is a frequent agent of pneumonia, and systemic infections can have high mortality rates (60%). OmpK35 and OmpK36 are the major co-regulated outer membrane porins ofK. pneumoniae. OmpK36 absence has been related to antibiotic resistance but decreased bacterial fitness and diminished virulence. A mutation that constricts the porin channel (Gly134Asp135 duplication in loop 3 of the porin, OmpK36GD) has been previously observed and suggested as a solution to the fitness cost imposed by loss of OmpK36.In the present study we constructed isogenic mutants to verify this and test the impact of these porin changes on antimicrobial resistance, fitness and virulence. Our results show that loss of OmpK35 has no significant cost in bacterial survival in nutrient-rich environments nor in the mammalian host, consistent with a predicted role outside that niche. When directly compared with the complete loss of the partner osmoporin OmpK36, we found that isogenic OmpK36GD strains maintain high levels of antibiotic resistance and that the GD duplication significantly reduces neither gut colonisation nor pathogenicity in a pneumonia mouse model. These changes are widespread in unrelated genomes. Our data provide clear evidences that specific variations in the loop 3 of OmpK36 and the absence of OmpK35 inK. pneumoniaeclinical isolates are examples of successful adaptation to human colonization/infection and antibiotic pressure, and are features of a fundamental evolutionary shift in this important human pathogen.

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Surveillance of Human Papilloma Virus Using Reference Laboratory Data for the Purpose of Evaluating Vaccine Impact

Online Journal of Public Health Informatics ◽

10.5210/ojphi.v6i3.5593 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Andrew Wilson ◽

Ryan J Welch ◽

Mia Hashibe ◽

Jessica Greenwood ◽

Brian Jackson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Papillomavirus ◽

High Risk ◽

Hpv Vaccine ◽

Quantitative Methods ◽

Age Groups ◽

The United States ◽

Downward Trend ◽

Reference Laboratory ◽

High Risk Hpv ◽

The Impact

Nationwide positivity rates of high-risk human papillomavirus for the United States before and since the introduction of a Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine in 2006 would provide insight into the population impact of HPV vaccination. Data for high-risk HPV testing results from January 1, 2004 to June 1, 2013 at a national reference laboratory were retrospectively analyzed to produce 757,761 patient records of women between the ages of 14 and 59. Generalized linear models and finite mixture models were utilized to eliminate sources of bias and establish a population undergoing standard gynecological screening. Unadjusted positivity rates for high-risk HPV were 27.2% for all age groups combined. Highest rates occurred in women aged 14 to 19. While the positivity rates decreased for all age groups from 2004 to 2013, the higher age categories showed less downward trend following vaccine introduction, and the two age categories 20 to 24 and 25 to 29 showed a significantly different downward trend between pre- and post-vaccine time periods (-0.1% per year to -1.5% per year, and 0.4 % per year to -1.5% per year, respectively). All other age groups had rates of change that became less negative, indicating a slower rate of decline.In evaluating the surveillance tool, we find that it is important to consider many sources of heterogeneity, e.g., age, type of test, location, and type of testing center, and also consider quantitative methods of adjustment and distribution assessment to construct a useful surveillance tool. Further studies should expand on this methodology.The results of the surveillance tool indicate a downward trend in vaccine-appropriate age groups consistent with uptake of the HPV vaccine. The pre-post rate changes were in direct contrast between the age-appropriate groups and the groups too old for the HPV vaccine, further indicating the surveillance tool may be detecting the impact of the HPV vaccine over time. After refinement, this surveillance tool should remain in place to observe the future impact of the HPV vaccine.

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WATER POLLUTION BY WASTE WATER FROM RAILWAY FACILITIES

10.37539/aug298.2021.51.75.017 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ирина Владимировна Агафонова

Keyword(s):

Waste Water ◽

Water Pollution ◽

Surface Water ◽

Aquatic Environment ◽

Railway Transport ◽

Surface Water Pollution ◽

The Impact

Статья посвящена оценке влияния предприятий железнодорожного транспорта на водную среду. Приведен перечень предприятий и основные источники загрязнения поверхностных вод, а также спектр загрязняющих веществ. The article is devoted to assessing the impact of railway transport enterprises on the aquatic environment. A list of enterprises and the main sources of surface water pollution, as well as a range of pollutants are given.

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The impact of heavy metals on bacterial tolerance of antibiotic resistance and growth in the aquatic environment of Vietnam

Infectious Diseases Research ◽

10.53388/idr20220101001 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Diep The ◽

Mai Hoang ◽

Chau Kim ◽

Nguyen Ngoc ◽

Nguyen Thi

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Aquatic Environment ◽

The Impact

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Metal contamination and coexistence of metal and antibiotic resistance in Vibrio species recovered from aquaculture ponds with and without history of antibiotic usage in Southwest Nigeria

Bulletin of the National Research Centre ◽

10.1186/s42269-021-00581-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Abimbola Olumide Adekanmbi ◽

Ololade Grace Olawuni ◽

Adedolapo Victoria Olaposi

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Metal Contamination ◽

Bacterial Flora ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Pond Water ◽

National Standard ◽

Water Quality Criteria ◽

Aquaculture Ponds ◽

History Of ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background The use of metal-containing and antimicrobial compounds is a common practice in aquaculture operations in Nigeria. Only a few studies have focused on the impact of these chemicals on metal and antibiotic resistance development in the bacterial flora of aquaculture. This study therefore sets out to fill this gap. Results Five metals, namely copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni) and chromium (Cr), were detected at different concentrations in the pond water samples, with most values obtained exceeding the maximum recommended national standard for fisheries and recreation water quality criteria set by the National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) in Nigeria. A total of 121 Vibrio spp. were recovered from the aquaculture pond water with Vibrio cholerae having the highest frequency (37) followed by Vibrio parahaemolyticus (36), Vibrio vulnificus (36) and Vibrio alginolyticus (12). Seventy-five isolates were recovered from ponds with history of antibiotic use, while the ponds with no recognized history of antibiotic use had forty-six isolates. The percentage resistance to antibiotics in the isolates was: ampicillin (88.5%), amoxicillin–clavulanate (44.3%), tetracycline (41%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (22.1%), chloramphenicol (15.6%), ciprofloxacin (11.5%), imipenem (5.7%), ceftazidime (4.1%) and gentamicin (0%). All the isolates tolerated all the metals to 400 µg/mL concentration while only the trio of Pb, Ni and Cr were tolerated beyond the concentration. Zn and Cu appeared to be the most toxic metals on Vibrio spp., with no isolate surviving beyond the 400 µg/mL concentration mark, while 57 of the 121 isolates survived Cr at the highest concentration (3200 µg/mL), making it the most tolerated of the metals. Conclusion This study reports a high level of metal contamination in the aquaculture ponds studied. The concentration of the metals exceeded the maximum permissible limits in Nigeria. Also, there was coexistence of metal and antibiotic resistance in the bacteria recovered from the aquaculture ponds. There is a need to regulate the use of chemicals, especially antibiotics and some biocidal compounds, to clamp down on the introduction of metals and antibiotics into the aquaculture systems, as these chemicals could facilitate the development of resistance traits in aquaculture bacteria by creating a selective pressure in the aquaculture environment.

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