scholarly journals Fast-Velocity Eccentric Cycling Exercise Causes Greater Muscle Damage Than Slow Eccentric Cycling

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisashi Ueda ◽  
Yosuke Tsuchiya ◽  
Eisuke Ochi
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Muscle Stiffness ◽  
Echo Intensity ◽  
Thigh Circumference ◽  
Cycling Exercise ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Slow Velocity

This study aims to investigate muscle damage occurring in the early and recovery phases after fast-velocity and slow-velocity eccentric cycling. Eleven untrained men (age, 20.0 ± 1.7 years; height, 171.3 ± 6.8 cm; weight, 61.8 ± 7.7 kg; and %body fat, 13.2 ± 2.9%) performed slow-velocity maximal isokinetic eccentric cycling (slow-velocity; 30°/s) with one leg and fast-velocity (fast-velocity; 210°/s) isokinetic eccentric cycling with the other leg. Changes in maximal voluntary isokinetic concentric contraction (MVCC) torque at velocities of 30 and 210°/s, range of motion (ROM), and muscle soreness were assessed by pressure using a digital muscle stiffness instrument; thigh circumference, muscle echo intensity, and muscle stiffness were assessed before exercise, and immediately after exercise, 1 day, and 4 days after exercise. Comparing with the results obtained for slow-velocity cycling (post: 215.9 ± 32.3 Nm, day 1: 192.9 ± 47.4 Nm, day 4: 184.3 ± 47.2 Nm) and before exercise, MVCC after fast-velocity cycling significantly decreased at immediately (160.4 ± 43.5 Nm), 1 day (143.6 ± 54.1 Nm), and 4 days (150.1 ± 44.5 Nm) after exercise (p < 0.05). Significant increase in muscle soreness for vastus lateralis was observed after fast-velocity cycling (41.2 ± 16.9 mm) compared with slow-velocity cycling (23.7 ± 12.2 mm) 4 days after exercise (p < 0.05). However, no significant difference in muscle soreness was observed for rectus femoris and vastus medialis at any time points after exercise. In addition, no significant differences were observed in the ROM, thigh circumference, muscle echo intensity, and muscle stiffness. In conclusion, fast-velocity eccentric cycling causes a decrease in muscle strength and an increase in soreness as compared to slow-velocity eccentric cycling.

scholarly journals Muscle Damage Indicated by Maximal Voluntary Contraction Strength Changes From Immediately to 1 Day After Eccentric Exercise of the Knee Extensors

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikio Shoji ◽  
Ryoichi Ema ◽  
Kazunori Nosaka ◽  
Akihiro Kanda ◽  
Kosuke Hirata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Recovery Group

The present study examined if the magnitude of changes in indirect muscle damage markers could be predicted by maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) torque changes from immediately to 1 day after eccentric exercise. Twenty-eight young men performed 100 maximal isokinetic (60°/s) eccentric contractions of the knee extensors. MVIC torque, potentiated doublet torque, voluntary activation (VA) during MVIC, shear modulus of rectus femoris (RF), vastus medialis and lateralis, and muscle soreness of these muscles were measured before, immediately after, and 1–3 days post-exercise. Based on the recovery rate of the MVIC torque from immediately to 1-day post-exercise, the participants were placed to a recovery group that showed an increase in the MVIC torque (11.3–79.9%, n = 15) or a no-recovery group that showed no recovery (−71.9 to 0%, n = 13). No significant difference in MVIC torque decrease immediately post-exercise was found between the recovery (−33 ± 12%) and no-recovery (−32 ± 9%) groups. At 1–3 days, changes in MVIC torque (−40 to −26% vs. −22 to −12%), potentiated doublet torque (−37 to −22% vs. −20 to −9%), and proximal RF shear modulus (29–34% vs. 8–15%) were greater (p < 0.05) for the no-recovery than recovery group. No significant group differences were found for muscle soreness. The recovery rate of MVIC torque was correlated (p < 0.05) with the change in MVIC torque from baseline to 2 (r = 0.624) or 3 days post-exercise (r = 0.526), or peak change in potentiated doublet torque at 1–3 days post-exercise from baseline (r = 0.691), but not correlated with the changes in other dependent variables. These results suggest that the recovery rate of MVIC torque predicts changes in neuromuscular function but not muscle soreness and stiffness following eccentric exercise of the knee extensors.

scholarly journals Acute effect of partial body weight suspension on the level of cocontraction and gait biomechanics in women with knee osteoarthritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Hebling Spinoso ◽  
Marcus Vinicius de Sobral Carvalho ◽  
Ana Carolina de Souza Trentin ◽  
Marcelo Tavella Navega
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Functional Limitation ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Partial Body

Abstract Introduction: Knee osteoarthritis (OAK) is one of the most prevalent rheumatic diseases in the population, characterized by functional limitation and gait difficulties with profound clinical relevance, as walking is the most frequently performed daily activity. These functional limitations may be more pronounced when the disease is associated with obesity. Objective: To investigate the effect of different body weight suspension percentages on gait biomechanical variables and co-contraction percentages in women with OAK. Method: Fourteen women aged 50-75 years, with a body mass index between 26 and 35 and radiological diagnosis of OAK participated in the study. On the first day, anamnesis and familiarization with gait on the treadmill was performed. On the second day, treadmill gait assessment was performed using partial body weight support (SPPC) in three conditions-15%, 30%, and 45% suspension. During the evaluation, electromyographic and kinematic data were collected. The variables analyzed were percentage of hip (gluteus maximus/rectus femoris), knee (femoral biceps/vastus lateralis), and ankle (anterior tibial/lateral gastrocnemius), and length and step widths. A one-way analysis of variance was conducted, with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: There was no significant difference in the length and step width and the level of co-contraction between the running conditions analyzed. Conclusion: Body weight suspension using SPPC during treadmill running did not alter the biomechanical variables of the gait of women with OAK.

scholarly journals The Residual Effect of Prior Drop Jumps on EMG Parameters of Thigh Muscles during Moderate and Heavy Cycling

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (85) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neringa Baranauskienė ◽  
Loreta Stasiulė ◽  
Sandra Raubaitė ◽  
Arvydas Stasiulis
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Vastus Medialis ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Cycling Exercise ◽  
Delayed Onset ◽  
Concentric Exercise ◽  
Thigh Muscles ◽  
Drop Jumps

Research  background  and  hypothesis.  Prior  eccentric  or  eccentric-concentric  exercise  induces  long  lasting muscle fatigue and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Moreover, the surface electromyograme sEMG amplitude increases under fatigue conditions. We suppose that prior eccentric – concentric exercise, inducing DOMS, increases EMG amplitude of thigh muscles during constant cycling exercises.Research aim of the study was to assess the residual effect of 100 prior drop jumps (PDJ) on the sEMG of m. vastus lateralis and m. vastus medialis during moderate and heavy intensity cycling exercises. Research methods. On four different days 10 female students performed one increasing and three (control, 45  min and 24 h after 100 drop jumps) moderate and heavy cycling (Ergoline-800, Germany) exercises. The cadence of cycling was 70 rpm. The sEMG of right thigh m. vastus lateralis and m. vastus medialis were continuously recorded during moderate and heavy cycling exercise. Creatine kinasis activity was measured and DOMS was rated 24 h after PDJ. Research results. After 24 h the subjects felt moderate DOMS (5.0 (2.79)) according to 10 point scale. The sEMG root mean square amplitude of m. vastus lateralis significantly increased 24 h after PDJ during moderate, but unaltered during heavy cycling exercise under fatigue conditions (45 min and 24 h after PDJ).Discussion and conclusion. Prior drop jumps seem to have significant residual (within 24 h of recovery) effect on EMG of thigh muscles during moderate cycling exercise in female students.Keywords: delayed onset muscle soreness, constant load, EMG root mean square.

scholarly journals Regional Differences of Mechanical Properties in a Biceps Brachii Following Eccentric Exercise

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-335
Author(s):  
Choun-sub Kim ◽  
Maeng-kyu Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Elbow Joint ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Dynamic Stiffness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Regional Muscle

PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the effects of eccentric exercise (ECC) on the indices of mechanical properties together with markers of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) in different sites of the biceps brachii (BB) muscle.METHODS: ECC using an elbow joint was performed in 13 non-trained, college men. Global symptoms of EIMD were identified through changes in muscle soreness and serum creatine kinase (CK) activity, including muscle function following ECC. To evaluate regional EIMD, muscle swelling and tenderness as well as muscular echo intensity were measured at distal (4 cm above the elbow joint) and middle (30% of the distance from the antecubital crease to the acromion) sites within the BB muscle. A handheld myotonometer was used to estimate changes in mechanical properties, that is, oscillation frequency (F), dynamic stiffness (S), and relaxation time (R), of BB muscles after ECC.RESULTS: A significant difference in the major markers of EIMD, such as muscle soreness and serum CK activity, along with parameters of muscle function, was observed after ECC compared to baseline. Although all indirect markers of regional muscle damage demonstrated meaningful differences between before and after ECC, no statistically significant interaction between the distal and middle sites was observed in any of the markers. After ECC, both distal and middle sites showed significant changes in F, S, and R, but no statistical differences in changes in muscle mechanical properties were observed between localized muscle sites within BB muscles.CONCLUSIONS: Changes in mechanical properties, including regional muscle damage, seem to be uniformly influenced by different anatomical locations within the BB muscle, such as elbow flexors, following ECC.

scholarly journals The Effect of Orally Dosed Levagen+™ (palmitoylethanolamide) on Exercise Recovery in Healthy Males—A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alistair Mallard ◽  
David Briskey ◽  
Andrew Richards ◽  
Dean Mills ◽  
Amanda Rao
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Thigh Circumference ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Leg Press

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), a cannabimimetic compound and lipid messenger, on recovery from muscle damaging exercise. Twenty-eight healthy young male participants attended the laboratory four times on subsequent days. In the first visit, baseline characteristics were recorded before participants were randomized to consume either liquid PEA (167.5 mg Levagen+ with 832.5 mg maltodextrin) or a matched placebo (1 g maltodextrin) drink. Leg press exercise consisted of four sets at 80% of one repetition maximum followed by a performance set. Muscle soreness, thigh circumference, blood lactate concentration, biomarkers of muscle damage and inflammation, and transcription factor pathways were measured pre- and immediately post-exercise and again at 1, 2, 3, 24, 48, and 72 h post-exercise. The leg press exercise increased (p < 0.05) blood lactate concentration and induced muscle damage as evidenced by increased muscle soreness, thigh circumference, biomarkers of muscle damage, and concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α. PEA reduced (p < 0.05) myoglobin and blood lactate concentrations and increased protein kinase B phosphorylation following exercise. Taken together, these results indicate PEA supplementation may aid in muscle recovery from repeat bouts of exercise performed within a short duration by reducing myoglobin and lactate concentration.

scholarly journals Intensity-dependent alterations in the excitability of cortical and spinal projections to the knee extensors during isometric and locomotor exercise

2015 ◽  
Vol 308 (12) ◽  
pp. R998-R1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Weavil ◽  
S. K. Sidhu ◽  
T. S. Mangum ◽  
R. S. Richardson ◽  
M. Amann
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Femoral Nerve ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cycling Exercise

We investigated the role of exercise intensity and associated central motor drive in determining corticomotoneuronal excitability. Ten participants performed a series of nonfatiguing (3 s) isometric single-leg knee extensions (ISO; 10–100% of maximal voluntary contractions, MVC) and cycling bouts (30–160% peak aerobic capacity, Wpeak). At various exercise intensities, electrical potentials were evoked in the vastus lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF) via transcranial magnetic stimulation (motor-evoked potentials, MEP), and electrical stimulation of both the cervicomedullary junction (cervicomedullary evoked potentials, CMEP) and the femoral nerve (maximal M-waves, Mmax). Whereas Mmax remained unchanged in both muscles ( P > 0.40), voluntary electromyographic activity (EMG) increased in an exercise intensity-dependent manner for ISO and cycling exercise in VL and RF (both P < 0.001). During ISO exercise, MEPs and CMEPs progressively increased in VL and RF until a plateau was reached at ∼75% MVC; further increases in contraction intensity did not cause additional changes ( P > 0.35). During cycling exercise, VL-MEPs and CMEPs progressively increased by ∼65% until a plateau was reached at Wpeak. In contrast, RF MEPs and CMEPs progressively increased by ∼110% throughout the tested cycling intensities without the occurrence of a plateau. Furthermore, alterations in EMG below the plateau influenced corticomotoneuronal excitability similarly between exercise modalities. In both exercise modalities, the MEP-to-CMEP ratio did not change with exercise intensity ( P > 0.22). In conclusion, increases in exercise intensity and EMG facilitates the corticomotoneuronal pathway similarly in isometric knee extension and locomotor exercise until a plateau occurs at a submaximal exercise intensity. This facilitation appears to be primarily mediated by increases in excitability of the motoneuron pool.

scholarly journals Fatigue diminishes motoneuronal excitability during cycling exercise

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 1743-1751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua C. Weavil ◽  
Simranjit K. Sidhu ◽  
Tyler S. Mangum ◽  
Russell S. Richardson ◽  
Markus Amann
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Femoral Nerve ◽  
Central Fatigue ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Corticospinal Excitability ◽  
Cycling Exercise

Exercise-induced fatigue influences the excitability of the motor pathway during single-joint isometric contractions. This study sought to investigate the influence of fatigue on corticospinal excitability during cycling exercise. Eight men performed fatiguing constant-load (80% Wpeak; 241 ± 13 W) cycling to exhaustion during which the percent increase in quadriceps electromyography (ΔEMG; vastus lateralis and rectus femoris) was quantified. During a separate trial, subjects performed two brief (∼45 s) nonfatiguing cycling bouts (244 ± 15 and 331 ± 23W) individually chosen to match the ΔEMG across bouts to that observed during fatiguing cycling. Corticospinal excitability during exercise was quantified by transcranial magnetic, electric transmastoid, and femoral nerve stimulation to elicit motor-evoked potentials (MEP), cervicomedullary evoked potentials (CMEP), and M waves in the quadriceps. Peripheral and central fatigue were expressed as pre- to postexercise reductions in quadriceps twitch force (ΔQtw) and voluntary quadriceps activation (ΔVA). Whereas nonfatiguing cycling caused no measureable fatigue, fatiguing cycling resulted in significant peripheral (ΔQtw: 42 ± 6%) and central (ΔVA: 4 ± 1%) fatigue. During nonfatiguing cycling, the area of MEPs and CMEPs, normalized to M waves, similarly increased in the quadriceps (∼40%; P < 0.05). In contrast, there was no change in normalized MEPs or CMEPs during fatiguing cycling. As a consequence, the ratio of MEP to CMEP was unchanged during both trials ( P > 0.5). Therefore, although increases in muscle activation promote corticospinal excitability via motoneuronal facilitation during nonfatiguing cycling, this effect is abolished during fatigue. We conclude that the unaltered excitability of the corticospinal pathway from start of intense cycling exercise to exhaustion is, in part, determined by inhibitory influences on spinal motoneurons obscuring the facilitating effects of muscle activation.

scholarly journals Sonoelastography to Assess Muscular Stiffness Among Older Adults and its Use for the Diagnosis of Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Magdalena Janczyk ◽  
Noémie Champigny ◽  
Emeline Michel ◽  
Charles Raffaelli ◽  
Cédric Annweiler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Muscle Stiffness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Independent Review ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

AbstractChanges in muscle stiffness have been reported with sarcopenia. Sonoelastography is an accessible and non-radiating imaging technique allowing quantification of elastic properties of tissue. We performed a systematic review of the literature to investigate whether sonoelastography can be a reliable method to assess sarcopenia in older patients. We searched Medline, Google Scholar, Scopus, SpringerLink and Science direct from January 1, 1990 to April 1, 2020. Three independent review authors assessed trial eligibility, extracted the data, and assessed risk of bias. We intended to learn which types of elastography have been tested, if such measures are repeatable, and if they have been compared to the currently accepted diagnostic method. Ten studies met the inclusion criteria. Most followed a cross-sectional design with young and older adult subgroups. The gastrocnemius, rectus femoris, and vastus intermedius appeared most frequently. Nine of the included studies used shear wave elastography and one-strain elastography. The passive elastic constant was significantly greater in sarcopenic versus healthy subjects after passive stretching (124.98 ± 60.82 vs. 46.35 ± 15.85, P = 0.004). However, even in non-sarcopenic patients, the age of the patient was responsible for about 45.5 % of the variance in SWV. Among ten included articles, four reported higher stiffness in the muscles of older adults, two reported lower stiffness, and four found no significant difference. Due to the substantial heterogenicity of actual data, we could not make any conclusions about the potential usefulness of elastography to assess sarcopenia. Further studies are needed, including a larger sample of older patients and using a standardized and reproducible protocol.

scholarly journals Comparação do ciclo alongamento-encurtamento em saltos verticais entre mulheres ativas adultas-jovens e idosas

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Hyago Bernardes da Rosa ◽  
Igor Martins Barbosa ◽  
Eduardo Porto Scisleski ◽  
Samuel Klippel Prusch ◽  
Luiz Fernando Cuozzo Lemos
Keyword(s):  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Medial Gastrocnemius ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Counter Movement Jump ◽  
Vertical Jumping ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stretch Shortening Cycle

PURPOSE: To verify if there is an electromyographic economy and/or an increase in the variables of vertical jumps, both as a function of the use of the Stretch-Shortening Cycle and to compare the findings between young and old women, both active. METHODS: The sample consisted of a group of elderly (GI) and a group of young (GJ), both female. The power was measured through the contact platform and electromyographic activity of the muscles: biceps femoris (BF), rectus femoris (RF), medial gastrocnemius and vastus lateralis, through vertical jumping tests: Squat Jump (SJ) and Counter Movement Jump (CMJ). RESULTS: All the muscles evaluated did not present a statistically significant difference in the electromyographic activation and the comparisons of the mean percentage of use of the Stretch-Shortening Cycle (CAE), but it was observed that for the vastus lateralis and rectus femoris muscles there were significant differences in the comparisons between the two types of jumps of both groups, GI (236.89±115.66 for SJ and 230.45±109.10 for vastus lateralis muscle (VL) CMJ and 155.42±49.06 for SJ and 155 , 45±61.78 for the CMJ of the RF muscle) required greater neuromuscular activation to jump less than GJ (117.40±133.09 for SJ and 133.09±60.71 for VL muscle CMJ and 106.72±34.15 for the SJ and 108.87±38.85 for the CMJ of the RF muscle). CONCLUSIONS: The present study confirms that there was no statistically significant difference in the use of CAE in both groups (GI and GJ). However, when it comes to the skipped height and the power developed, there were statistically significant differences in the comparison of the groups.

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