scholarly journals Strength Training Intensity and Volume Affect Performance of Young Kayakers/Canoeists

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martijn Gäbler ◽  
Hermine S. Berberyan ◽  
Olaf Prieske ◽  
Marije T. Elferink-Gemser ◽  
Tibor Hortobágyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Moderate Intensity

PurposeThe aim of this study was to compare the effects of moderate intensity, low volume (MILV) vs. low intensity, high volume (LIHV) strength training on sport-specific performance, measures of muscular fitness, and skeletal muscle mass in young kayakers and canoeists.MethodsSemi-elite young kayakers and canoeists (N = 40, 13 ± 0.8 years, 11 girls) performed either MILV (70–80% 1-RM, 6–12 repetitions per set) or LIHV (30–40% 1-RM, 60–120 repetitions per set) strength training for one season. Linear mixed-effects models were used to compare effects of training condition on changes over time in 250 and 2,000 m time trials, handgrip strength, underhand shot throw, average bench pull power over 2 min, and skeletal muscle mass. Both between- and within-subject designs were used for analysis. An alpha of 0.05 was used to determine statistical significance.ResultsBetween- and within-subject analyses showed that monthly changes were greater in LIHV vs. MILV for the 2,000 m time trial (between: 9.16 s, SE = 2.70, p < 0.01; within: 2,000 m: 13.90 s, SE = 5.02, p = 0.01) and bench pull average power (between: 0.021 W⋅kg–1, SE = 0.008, p = 0.02; within: 0.010 W⋅kg–1, SE = 0.009, p > 0.05). Training conditions did not affect other outcomes.ConclusionYoung sprint kayakers and canoeists benefit from LIHV more than MILV strength training in terms of 2,000 m performance and muscular endurance (i.e., 2 min bench pull power).

scholarly journals Simplified morphological evaluation of skeletal muscle mass and maximum muscle strength in healthy young women: Comparison between thigh and calf

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 174550652096200
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Yasuda
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Index ◽  
Stand Test ◽  
Sit To Stand

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the prediction of skeletal muscle mass and maximum muscle strength using simplified morphology evaluation in young Japanese women from the thigh and calf perspective. Methods: A total of 249 Japanese young women (aged 18–25 years) were used for data analyses in this study. Thigh and calf girths were measured using a tape measure at 50% of thigh length and at 30% proximal of calf length, respectively. Muscle thickness was measured using B-mode ultrasound at the anterior and posterior thigh (at 50% of thigh length) and at the posterior lower leg (at 30% proximal of calf length), respectively. The measurements were carried out on the right side of the body while the participants stood with their elbows extended and relaxed. A stepwise multiple regression analysis (method of increasing and decreasing the variables; criterion set at p < 0.05) was performed for skeletal muscle index (defined by appendicular skeletal muscle mass/height2), handgrip strength, or sit-to-stand test and five variable factors (girth (thigh and calf) and muscle thickness (anterior and posterior thigh and posterior calf)). Results: Unlike the sit-to-stand test, skeletal muscle index or handgrip strength was correlated ( p < 0.001) with the girth or muscle thickness for both thigh and calf. Unlike the sit-to-stand test, the prediction equations for skeletal muscle index and handgrip strength estimation showed significant correlations with multiple regression analysis of data obtained from the calf girth and muscle thickness. In both skeletal muscle index and handgrip strength, calf girth was adopted as a Step 1, respectively. Conclusion: Our results indicated that skeletal muscle index and handgrip strength could be evaluated by the simplified morphology methods, especially that for the calf girth measurement, which may be a good indicator of screening/preventing for sarcopenia in healthy Japanese young women.

scholarly journals Relationship between strength and muscle mass in middle-aged and elderly women: a cross-sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 660-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carine Fernandes de Souza ◽  
Mariana Carmem Apolinário Vieira ◽  
Rafaela Andrade do Nascimento ◽  
Mayle Andrade Moreira ◽  
Saionara Maria Aires da Câmara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Lower Limb Muscle ◽  
Limb Muscle ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Objective: to analyze the relationship between handgrip strength and lower limb strength and the amount of segmental skeletal muscle mass in middle-aged and elderly women. Methods: an observational, cross-sectional, observational study of 540 women aged between 40 and 80 years in the cities of Parnamirim and Santa Cruz, Rio Grande do Norte, was performed. Sociodemographic data, anthropometric measurements, handgrip dynamometry, knee flexors and extensors of the dominant limbs, as well as the segmental muscle mass of the limbs were evaluated. Data were analyzed using Student's t-Test, Chi-square test, Effect Size and Pearson's Correlation (CI 95%). Results: there were statistically significant weak and moderate correlations between handgrip strength and upper limb muscle mass, knee flexion strength and lower limb muscle mass, and between knee extension strength and lower limb muscle mass for the age groups 40-59 years and 60 years or more (p<0.05). Conclusions: muscle strength correlates with skeletal muscle mass. It could therefore be an indicator of the decrease in strength. It is not the only such indicator, however, as correlations were weak and moderate, which suggests the need for more studies on this theme to elucidate which components may also influence the loss of strength with aging.

scholarly journals Effect of Handgrip Strength on Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Lenvatinib

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 5403
Author(s):  
Yurika Kotoh ◽  
Issei Saeki ◽  
Takahiro Yamasaki ◽  
Ryo Sasaki ◽  
Norikazu Tanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Significant Prognostic Factor ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Index ◽  
The Individual

Previous studies have reported prognostic factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients receiving lenvatinib; however, no studies have evaluated the effects of both handgrip strength and skeletal muscle mass on the clinical outcomes. Therefore, this retrospective study investigated the individual effect of handgrip strength, skeletal muscle mass, and sarcopenia on clinical outcomes of 53 HCC patients treated with lenvatinib. Before receiving lenvatinib, handgrip strength and skeletal muscle index (SMI) were measured. Low handgrip strength and muscle depletion were defined as <26 and <18 kg and SMI <42 and SMI <38 cm2/m2 in men and women, respectively. Sarcopenia was defined as having low handgrip strength and muscle depletion. Multivariate analysis identified modified albumin–bilirubin grade 1–2a (p = 0.010), Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage A–B (p = 0.011), and absence of low handgrip strength (p = 0.015) as favorable prognostic factors for survival. Furthermore, sarcopenia was an independent significant prognostic factor for survival. Time to treatment failure was associated with handgrip strength and sarcopenia. Our findings suggest that handgrip strength may be a useful marker of clinical outcomes in HCC patients treated with lenvatinib.

Sarcopenia—definitions and epidemiology

2017 ◽  
pp. 409-414
Author(s):  
José A. Morais
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Resistance Exercise Training ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Sarcopenia is a progressive and inevitable loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength associated with ageing that places older adults at high risk for adverse health outcomes. Up to of 15% of older adults suffer negative healthcare consequences because of sarcopenia. Furthermore, it is responsible for two to four times greater risk of disability. Expert groups have proposed clinical oriented criteria based on gait speed <0.8 m/s and low handgrip strength before performing muscle mass assessment. Multiple aetiologies are implicated in the development of sarcopenia including age-related, lifestyle, neurodegeneration, hormonal, and inflammation factors. Resistance exercise training and higher than recommended protein intake are two accessible means to counteract sarcopenia. Hormonal interventions, despite amelioration in muscle and fat masses, have not led to significant gains in function. Sarcopenia shares many features with frailty and can be considered as one of its underlying mechanisms.

Improved skeletal muscle mass and strength after heavy strength training in very old individuals

2017 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 96-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasmus Leidesdorff Bechshøft ◽  
Nikolaj Mølkjær Malmgaard-Clausen ◽  
Bjørn Gliese ◽  
Nina Beyer ◽  
Abigail L. Mackey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Very Old

scholarly journals Myostatin/Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass (ASM) Ratio, Not Myostatin, Is Associated with Low Handgrip Strength in Community-Dwelling Older Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7344
Author(s):  
Soo Jeong Choi ◽  
Min Sung Lee ◽  
Duk-Hee Kang ◽  
Gang Jee Ko ◽  
Hee-Sook Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Appendicular Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass

Background/Aims: Elevated levels of serum myostatin have been proposed as a biomarker for sarcopenia. Recent studies have shown that elevated level of serum myostatin was associated with physical fitness and performance. This study aimed to examine the significance of myostatin in the association between muscle mass and physical performance in the elderly. Methods: This cross-sectional study is based on the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort study involving 1053 people aged 70 years or over. Anthropometric, physical performance, and laboratory data were collected. Results: The mean age of the participants was 75.8 years, and 50.7% of them were female. Serum myostatin levels in men (3.7 ± 1.2 vs. 3.2 ± 1.1 ng/mL, p < 0.001) were higher compared with that in women. Serum myostatin level was associated with appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) index and eGFR by cystatin C. Serum myostatin/ASM ratio was associated with handgrip strength in women. Conclusion: Higher serum myostatin levels were related with higher muscle mass and better physical performances in the elderly. Serum myostatin/ASM ratio may be a predictor for physical performance rather than myostatin.

scholarly journals Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass Index and Physiological Performance in Post-Menopausal Women with Total Thyroidectomy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 7555
Author(s):  
Wei-Lun Wen ◽  
Hsiu-Chu Lin ◽  
Hui-Chen Yu ◽  
Yi-Pen Chen ◽  
Ching-Chao Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Total Thyroidectomy ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Appendicular Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass Index ◽  
Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass

Sarcopenia is prevalent in postmenopausal women but is inconclusive in total thyroidectomy and under levothyroxine replacement. We aim to analyze the determinants of sarcopenia and investigate the early detection of sarcopenia in this group. Fifty postmenopausal women with total thyroidectomy were measured for body composition via Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) and Appendicular Skeletal Muscle mass divided by the height square (ASM/ht2). Handgrip strength and gait speed and Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) were calculated. Eight determinants associated with sarcopenia include GNRI (β, 0.042; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.021 to 0.064), femoral neck BMD (β, 0.989; 95% CI, 0.049 to 1.929), TSH (β, 0.192; 95% CI, 0.027 to 0.357), and thyroglobulin Ab (0.657; 95% CI, 0.210 to 1.103) for ASM/height2; menopausal years (β, −3.112; 95% CI, −5.661 to −0.563) and ASM/height2 (β, 2.669; 95% CI, 1.073 to 4.265) for handgrip strength; and GNRI (β, 0.062; 95% CI, 0.019 to 0.105), T3 (β, −3.541; 95% CI, −7.019 to −0.063), and age (β, 0.043; 95% CI, 0.003 to 0.084) for gait speed. Our study confirmed a high prevalence of low skeletal muscle mass index in postmenopausal women with total thyroidectomy and revealed a number of determinants that could help early diagnosis and management this disease in daily clinical practice.

scholarly journals Skeletal Muscle Mass and Higher-Level Functional Capacity in Female Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6692
Author(s):  
Shuichi Wakayama ◽  
Yoshihiko Fujita ◽  
Keisuke Fujii ◽  
Takeshi Sasaki ◽  
Hiroshi Yuine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Female Community ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Purpose: In this study, our purpose was to examine the relationship between skeletal muscle mass and higher-level functional capacity in female community-dwelling older adults. Participant(s) and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we targeted 55 female community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and above participating in long-term care prevention classes in Ibaraki Prefecture between 2018 and 2020. We excluded individuals with cognitive impairment and those judged as having sarcopenia. The variables of interest included age, height, weight, body mass index, skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), handgrip strength, step count, and family structure. We calculated the SMI by dividing the extremities’ total lean mass by the square of the height (in m), while the number of steps was calculated using the three-axis accelerometer Actigraph GT3X®. We measured skeletal muscle mass via bioelectrical impedance analysis using the InBody270 body composition analyzer and muscular strength as grip strength. Results: We observed significant relationships between skeletal muscle mass and Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence (TMIG-IC) (β = 0.336, p < 0.01) and handgrip strength (β = 0.230). Conclusion: In this study, a relationship between skeletal muscle mass and higher-level functional capacity was demonstrated among elderly female community residents.

scholarly journals Association Between Fish Consumption and Muscle Mass and Function in Middle-Age and Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maha H. Alhussain ◽  
Moodi Mathel ALshammari
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Function

Background: Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, represents a crucial risk factor for disability and mortality. Increasing intake of some nutrients, particularly protein and omega-3 fatty acids seems to be a promising strategy to augment muscle mass and function.Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the beneficial effects of fish consumption on muscle mass and function among middle-age and older adults.Methods: Twenty-two adults aged 50–85 years participated in this study. Participants were asked to consume 150–170-g of fish for lunch twice a week for a 10-week period. During that period, participants were asked to maintain their normal diet and physical activity. Outcome measures included anthropometry, muscle mass, and muscle function. All these measures were assessed at baseline, week 5, and week 10. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to analyze statistical significance.Results: Consuming fish twice a week for 10 weeks significantly increased the skeletal muscle mass and appendicular lean mass divided by height squared (ALM/h2) (p &lt; 0.01). Handgrip strength and gait speed &lt;0.8 m/s were also improved (p &lt; 0.01) at week 10 compared with that at baseline.Discussion: Consuming fish seems to improve muscle mass and function and may slow sarcopenia progression in middle-age and older adults.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document