scholarly journals Mechanisms and Therapeutic Prospects of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Through the Inflammatory Response

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namrita Kaur ◽  
Yingshu Guan ◽  
Rida Raja ◽  
Andrea Ruiz-Velasco ◽  
Wei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Systolic Dysfunction ◽  
Clinical Complications ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Precise Role

The incidence of heart failure (HF) continues to increase rapidly in patients with diabetes. It is marked by myocardial remodeling, including fibrosis, hypertrophy, and cell death, leading to diastolic dysfunction with or without systolic dysfunction. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a distinct myocardial disease in the absence of coronary artery disease. DCM is partially induced by chronic systemic inflammation, underpinned by a hostile environment due to hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance. The detrimental role of leukocytes, cytokines, and chemokines is evident in the diabetic heart, yet the precise role of inflammation as a cause or consequence of DCM remains incompletely understood. Here, we provide a concise review of the inflammatory signaling mechanisms contributing to the clinical complications of diabetes-associated HF. Overall, the impact of inflammation on the onset and development of DCM suggests the potential benefits of targeting inflammatory cascades to prevent DCM. This review is tailored to outline the known effects of the current anti-diabetic drugs, anti-inflammatory therapies, and natural compounds on inflammation, which mitigate HF progression in diabetic populations.

Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: From Mechanism to Management in a Nutshell

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahzad Khan ◽  
Syed S. Ahmad ◽  
Mohammad A. Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Systolic Dysfunction ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Cardiac Cell ◽  
Clinical Heart Failure ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Apoptosis And Necrosis

: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a significant complication of diabetes mellitus characterized by gradual failing heart with detrimental cardiac remodellings such as fibrosis and diastolic and systolic dysfunction, which is not directly attributable to coronary artery disease. Insulin resistance and resulting hyperglycemia is the main trigger involved in the initiation of diabetic cardiomyopathy. There is a constellation of many pathophysiological events such as lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, inappropriate activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, dysfunctional immune modulation promoting increased rate of cardiac cell injury, apoptosis, and necrosis which ultimately culminates into interstitial fibrosis, cardiac stiffness, diastolic dysfunction initially and later systolic dysfunction too. These events finally lead to clinical heart failure of DCM. Herein, we have briefly discussed the pathophysiology of DCM. We have also briefly mentioned potential therapeutic strategies currently used for DCM.

Open science reforms: Strengths, challenges, and future directions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn R. Wentzel
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Educational Psychology ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Science Practices ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Impact

In this article, I comment on the potential benefits and limitations of open science reforms for improving the transparency and accountability of research, and enhancing the credibility of research findings within communities of policy and practice. Specifically, I discuss the role of replication and reproducibility of research in promoting better quality studies, the identification of generalizable principles, and relevance for practitioners and policymakers. Second, I suggest that greater attention to theory might contribute to the impact of open science practices, and discuss ways in which theory has implications for sampling, measurement and research design. Ambiguities concerning the aims of preregistration and registered reports also are highlighted. In conclusion, I discuss structural roadblocks to open science reform and reflect on the relevance of these reforms for educational psychology.

scholarly journals Exendin-4 Protects against Hyperglycemia-Induced Cardiomyocyte Pyroptosis via the AMPK-TXNIP Pathway

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Wei ◽  
Rui Bu ◽  
Qinghui Yang ◽  
Jing Jia ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Rna Silencing ◽  
Diabetic Heart ◽  
Cardiac Inflammation ◽  
Caspase 1 ◽  
Signaling Mechanisms ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Cardiac Condition

Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a common cardiac condition in patients with diabetes mellitus, which results in cardiac hypertrophy and subsequent heart failure. Chronic inflammation in the diabetic heart results in loss of cardiomyocytes and subsequentially cardiac dysfunction. Accumulated evidence implicated pyroptosis as a vital contributor to the hyperglycemia-induced cardiac inflammatory response. Exendin-4, a GLP analog, promotes survival of cardiomyocytes in cardiovascular diseases, including diabetic cardiomyopathy. However, the role of Exendin-4 in cardiac pyroptosis remains to be elucidated. Our study revealed that Exendin-4 treatment protected against heart remolding and dysfunction and attenuated cardiac inflammation in high-fat diet-fed rats. The activity of caspase-1 and production of pyroptotic cytokines were significantly inhibited by Exendin-4 treatment in the diabetic heart and in high glucose-treated cardiomyocytes as well. In an effort to understand the signaling mechanisms underlying the antipyroptotic property of Exendin-4, we found that blockade of AMPK, an oxidative stress sensor, activity diminished the antipyroptotic property of Exendin-4. Phosphorylation of AMPK resulted in degeneration of TXNIP that promoted the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Exendin-4 treatment decreased the protein level of TXNIP. Moreover, RNA silencing of TXNIP mimicked the antipyroptotic actions of Exendin-4. These findings promoted us to propose a new signaling pathway mediating cardioprotective effect of Exendin-4 under hyperglycemic conditions: Exendin-4 → ROS↓ → pAMPK↑ → TXNIP↓ → caspase-1↓ → IL-1β and IL-18↓ → pyroptosis↓. In general, our study identified Exendin-4 as a pyroptotic inhibitor protecting against hyperglycemia-induced cardiomyocyte pyroptosis via the AMPK-TXNIP pathway.

scholarly journals Role of infection in wound healing

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-602
Author(s):  
Malik Asif Hussain ◽  
Flavia Huygens
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Chronic Wounds ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Impact

Chronic wounds, particularly infected wounds are clinically very important due to their significant impact on health budgets as well as patients` health worldwide. Patients with diabetes mellitus, vascular diseases especially peripheral vascular disease and pressure ulcers are major categories of patients presenting with chronic wounds. It is known that there are multiple factors determining chronic wound prognosis. The presence of multiple types of pathogenic bacteria, with specific virulence and adherent (biofilm) properties, contribute a significant role to the development of chronic wounds. This review article is based on the research project entitled” An investigation of the impact of bacterial diversity, pathogenic determinants and biofilms on chronic wounds”. The research findings have been published in form of research papers as well as conference posters. The aim of this article is to highlight various important aspects of bacterial impact on wound healing. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(4) 2020 p.598-602

Moving music for moving source texts

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Naranjo Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Literary Texts ◽  
Emotional Engagement ◽  
Translation Quality ◽  
Creative Behaviour ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sad Music ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract Based on previous findings about the role of music as an emotional stimulus, as well as the potential benefits of music-driven emotional engagement in written production and creative behaviour, the present study investigates the impact of emotional background music on translation quality and creativity. A translation experiment in two different conditions (music vs. silence) was conducted in a controlled environment. Participants translated two literary texts of opposing emotional contents (happy vs. sad) while they listened to an emotionally-matching soundtrack. Statistical analysis of within- and between-group comparisons only revealed conclusive results for the sad condition, showing a positive effect of sad music on translation creativity and a negative effect on accuracy.

scholarly journals Platelets and Thrombosis in Myeloproliferative Diseases

Hematology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (1) ◽  
pp. 409-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire N. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Hematological Malignancies ◽  
Myeloproliferative Disorders ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Fundamental Knowledge ◽  
Clinical Complications ◽  
The Family ◽  
Myeloproliferative Diseases ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The myeloproliferative disorders have been the “poor cousins” in the family of hematological malignancies for some time. Recently this field has advanced considerably with the description of a mutation in the JAK2 kinase detectable in the majority of patients and the publication of two landmark clinical trials—ECLAP and MRC PT1. But although both ECLAP and MRC PT1 inform clinical management and allude to the complexities of thrombosis we still lack fundamental knowledge, and our understanding of thrombosis in these conditions has not paralleled advances in the field of thrombosis and vascular biology. The predominant clinical complications of essential thrombocythemia and polycythemia vera are thrombotic and hemorrhagic; these significantly impact upon prognosis and quality of life. Here the current status of our knowledge is reviewed with specific emphasis upon the role of the platelet in the pathogenesis of thrombosis as well as the impact of recent data from ECLAP and MRC PT1.

scholarly journals “A Feast of Languages”: The Role of Language in the Globe to Globe Festival

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (26) ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
Amy Kenny
Keyword(s):  
Olympic Games ◽  
Language Barriers ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Way ◽  
International Companies

In 2012, Shakespeare’s Globe hosted the Globe to Globe Festival, which featured performances from thirty-seven international companies in their native tongues as part of the Cultural Olympiad in the lead up to the London Olympic Games. This paper explores the role that language played in the Globe to Globe Festival, and the way in which language mediated direction and translation of various plays, specifically in the rehearsal room in anticipation of the performance itself. Translating Shakespeare into thirty-seven different languages allowed the companies to think about the potential benefits of performing their play in a specific dialect or style for both audiences at the Globe and their own language and culture as well. This paper considers the impact of language barriers that existed even within individual companies, and shows that the specific choices around language informed the ways audience members understood and interpreted the narratives of the plays during the festival.

scholarly journals MiR-144-5p, an exosomal miRNA from bone marrow-derived macrophage in type 2 diabetes, impairs bone fracture healing via targeting Smad1

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Zhang ◽  
Yifan Wu ◽  
Zonghuan Li ◽  
Hairen Chen ◽  
Siyuan Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Fracture Healing ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Fracture Repair ◽  
Osteogenic Potential ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Patients with diabetes have an increased risk of nonunion and delayed union of fractures. Macrophages have been shown as a key player in diabetic complications. However, it remains obscure how diabetic milieu affects macrophage-derived exosomes and its implications on osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. In this study, we aim to define the impact of diabetic milieu on macrophage-derived exosomes, role of extracellular vesicles in intercellular communication with BMSCs, and subsequent effects on osteogenic differentiation and fracture repair. Results The osteogenic potential and the ability of fracture repair of exosomes derived from diabetic bone marrow-derived macrophages (dBMDM-exos) were revealed to be lower, as compared with non-diabetic bone marrow-derived macrophages (nBMDM-exos) in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, miR-144-5p levels were sharply elevated in dBMDM-exos and it could be transferred into BMSCs to regulate bone regeneration by targeting Smad1. In addition, the adverse effects of dBMDM-exos on the osteogenic potential and the ability of fracture repair were reversed through the suppression of miR-144-5p inhibition in vitro and vivo. Conclusions The results demonstrated an important role of exosomal miR-144-5p in bone regeneration, offering insight into developing new strategy for the improvement of fracture healing in patients with diabetes mellitus. Graphic Abstract

scholarly journals Role of some serum biomarkers in the early detection of diabetic cardiomyopathy

2021 ◽  
pp. FSO682
Author(s):  
Amany H Abdelrahman ◽  
Iman I Salama ◽  
Somaia I Salama ◽  
Dalia M Elmosalami ◽  
Mona H Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Diastolic Dysfunction ◽  
Diabetic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Systolic Dysfunction ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Serum Biomarkers ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Tnf Α

Aim: To assess the role of serum biomarkers in early prediction of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Materials and methods: The participants were three groups of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients having diastolic dysfunction (DM-DD), systolic dysfunction (DM-SD) and normal echocardiography (DM-N) with two control groups: non-DM diastolic dysfunction patients (DD) and healthy controls. AGEs, TNF-α, IL-6, IGFBP-7, creatinine and insulin were assessed. Results: TNF-α, AGEs, creatinine and insulin panel had area under the curve (AUC) of 0.913 in distinguishing DM-DD from DM-N (78.7% sensitivity and 100% specificity). IL-6 and AGEs panel had AUC 0.795 for differentiating DM-SD from DM-DD (90.6% sensitivity). IL-6, TNF-α and AGEs panel had AUC 0.924 for differentiating diabetic cardiomyopathy from DM-N (85% sensitivity and specificity). Conclusion: A panel of AGEs, IL-6, TNF-α, insulin and creatinine might be used for early detection of DM-DD among T2DM patients.

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