scholarly journals Identification of Candidate Olfactory Genes in Scolytus schevyrewi Based on Transcriptomic Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofeng Zhu ◽  
Bingqiang Xu ◽  
Zhenjie Qin ◽  
Abudukyoum Kader ◽  
Bo Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Odorant Receptors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Control ◽  
Odorant Binding

The bark beetle, Scolytus schevyrewi (S. schevyrewi), is an economically important pest in China that causes serious damage to the fruit industry, particularly, in Xinjiang Province. Chemical signals play an important role in the behavior of most insects, accordingly, ecofriendly traps can be used to monitor and control the target pests in agriculture. In order to lay a foundation for future research on chemical communication mechanisms at the molecular level, we generate antennal transcriptome databases for male and female S. schevyrewi using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis. By assembling and analyzing the adult male and female antennal transcriptomes, we identified 47 odorant receptors (ORs), 22 ionotropic receptors (IRs), 22 odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), and 11 chemosensory proteins (CSPs). Furthermore, expression levels of all the candidate OBPs and CSPs were validated in different tissues of male and female adults by semiquantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). ScosOBP2 and ScosOBP18 were highly expressed in female antennae. ScosCSP2, ScosCSP3, and ScosCSP5 were specifically expressed in the antennae of both males and females. These results provide new potential molecular targets to inform and improve future management strategies of S. schevyrewi.

scholarly journals Elaborating factors affecting visual control in a big room

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-47
Author(s):  
Jukka Majava ◽  
Harri Haapasalo ◽  
Kirsi Aaltonen
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Visual Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
And Control

Purpose The “big room” concept and lean philosophy have become increasingly popular in the construction industry. Visual control is a central part of lean philosophy and the big room concept; its aim is to improve information flow, joint problem-solving and real-time decision-making. Visual control facilitates effective project management by providing information on what work is performed and why, customer requirements, deadlines, work status and potential problems. This study aims to explore how visualisation supports project management and control in a big room and the factors that facilitate good visual control. Design/methodology/approach This research is based on the case study method, and the objective is to elaborate the current understanding of factors that affect visual control. The study includes a literature review and an empirical study of a large construction project. Findings The results indicate that many factors facilitate visual control. Despite the importance of facilities and tools, communication and teamwork are identified as the key factors. On a broader level, the results indicate a need for a holistic approach in developing visual management strategies and practices in the construction industry and in complex projects in particular. Research limitations/implications A single case may not be able to offer a generalised picture of this complex topic. However, the study provides novel insights for practitioners and researchers interested in the development of visual control and big rooms. Future research topics are also proposed. Originality/value While previous studies have identified many elements of successful big room implementation – including integration and early involvement, information sharing, tools and facilities – this study focusses specifically on the factors that facilitate visual control.

Gender and Organizational Citizenship Behavior

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tammy D. Allen ◽  
Seulki "Rachel" Jang
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Organizational Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Gender Egalitarianism ◽  
Female Employees ◽  
Males And Females

The current chapter reviews theory and findings with regard to relationships between gender and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Based on self-report OCB studies, female employees tend to report that they perform more communal OCB (e.g., altruism) than do male employees, whereas male employees tend to report that they perform more agentic OCB (e.g., sportsmanship) than do female employees. However, supervisors do not appear to rate male and female employees differently on OCB performance. Our review also suggests that even with the same amount of OCB performance, female employees tend to be disadvantaged with regard to career-related outcomes (e.g., promotion) relative to male employees. For future research, we encourage researchers to distinguish between actual and perceived OCB performance and examine associated gender differences. Measurement invariance of OCB across gender, different career success outcomes between males and females, and the effects of gender egalitarianism in cultures also need further investigation.

“Invisible Sportswomen”: The Sex Data Gap in Sport and Exercise Science Research

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Emma S. Cowley ◽  
Alyssa A. Olenick ◽  
Kelly L. McNulty ◽  
Emma Z. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Exercise Science ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sports Science ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Data Gap ◽  
Sport And Exercise

This study aimed to conduct an updated exploration of the ratio of male and female participants in sport and exercise science research. Publications involving humans were examined from The European Journal of Sports Science, Medicine & Science in Sport & Exercise, The Journal of Sport Science & Medicine, The Journal of Physiology, The American Journal of Sports Medicine, and The British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2014–2020. The total number of participants, the number of male and female participants, the title, and the topic, were recorded for each publication. Data were expressed in frequencies and percentages. Chi-square analyses were used to assess the differences in frequencies in each of the journals. About 5,261 publications and 12,511,386 participants were included in the analyses. Sixty-three percentage of publications included both males and females, 31% included males only, and 6% included females only (p < .0001). When analyzing participants included in all journals, a total of 8,253,236 (66%) were male and 4,254,445 (34%) were female (p < .0001). Females remain significantly underrepresented within sport and exercise science research. Therefore, at present most conclusions made from sport and exercise science research might only be applicable to one sex. As such, researchers and practitioners should be aware of the ongoing sex data gap within the current literature, and future research should address this.

scholarly journals Male and female breast cancer: the two faces of the same genetic susceptibility coin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Nunes Silva ◽  
Bruno Costa Gomes ◽  
Saudade André ◽  
Ana Félix ◽  
António Sebastião Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Female Breast Cancer ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male Cohort ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Repair Genes ◽  
Prognostic And Predictive Markers

Abstract Background Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women. In contrast, male BC is about 100 times less common than in women, being considered a rare disease. Male BC may be a distinctive subtype of BC and available data seems to indicate that male BC has a higher dependence on genetic variants than female BC. Nevertheless, the same prognostic and predictive markers are used to determine optimal management strategies for both male and female BC. Several studies have assessed the role of genetic polymorphisms (SNPs) in DNA repair genes in female BC susceptibility. However, data on male BC is scarce. Thus, the current study aimed to assess the role of SNPs in XRCC1, MUTYH and TP53 genes in a male cohort of BC, and, in addition, compare the male data with matched results previously genotyped in female BC patients. Methods The male BC cohort was genotyped through Real-Time PCR using TaqMan Assays for several SNPs previously analysed in Portuguese female BC patients. Results The results obtained indicate significant differences in BC susceptibility between males and females for the XRCC1 rs1799782, MUTYH rs3219489 and TP53 rs1042522 and rs8064946 variants. Conclusions In males, XRCC1 and TP53 variants, when in heterozygosity, seem to be related with lower susceptibility for BC, contrasting with higher susceptibility for a MUTYH variant in females. These findings may help to explain the difference in incidence of BC between the two sexes.

scholarly journals Sexually distinct song cultures in a songbird metapopulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley H Webb ◽  
Michelle M Roper ◽  
Matthew D Pawley ◽  
Yukio Fukuzawa ◽  
Aaron M Harmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Population Changes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Song ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Distinct Site ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Syllable Repertoire ◽  
Anthornis Melanura

Songbirds learn their songs culturally, through imitating tutors. The vocal culture of a songbird population changes as new song units (syllables) are introduced through immigration, copying errors, and innovation, while other syllables fall out of use. This leads to a diversification of the syllable pool across the species, much like the diversification and spatial patterns of human language. Vocal cultures have been well studied in male songbirds but have been largely overlooked in females. In particular, few studies compare spatial variation of male and female song cultures. Here we undertake one of the first comparisons of male and female song culture in birds, analysing song data from a metapopulation of New Zealand bellbirds Anthornis melanura, spanning an archipelago of six islands. Having classified 20,700 syllables, we compare population syllable repertoire sizes and overlap between sites and sexes. We show that males and females - both with complex songs - have distinct song cultures, sharing only 6-26% of syllable types within each site. Furthermore, male and female syllable types can be statistically discriminated based on acoustic properties. Despite diverse syllable repertoires within sites, very few syllable types were shared between sites (both sexes had highly distinct site-specific dialects). For the few types shared between sites, sharing decreased with distance only for males. Overall, there was no significant difference between sexes in degree of site-site repertoire overlap. These results show different cultural processes at play for the two sexes. We discuss the implications for future research on female culture.

Perceived Father Rejection and Young Adult Aggression: Examining Mediational Components of Emotional Dysregulation

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 1089-1108
Author(s):  
Melissa D. McKenzie ◽  
Robert B. Casselman
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Female Aggression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Research Recommendations

Emotional dysregulation was explored as a mediator of the relationship between perceived father rejection and young adult male and female aggression. Among undergraduate college students ( N = 534), emotional dysregulation was assessed as a combined construct and then as distinct components. Analyses revealed that impulsivity mediated the relationship between perceived father rejection and aggression for both males and females. Nonacceptance of emotions was partially supported as a mediator of the perceived father rejection–aggression relationship among males, but not females. Results suggest that although father–child relationships may contribute to a variety of emotion regulation difficulties, impulsivity may play an integral role in the development of aggression. Researchers and clinicians are encouraged to pay particular attention to the process by which impulsivity may influence aggression for father-rejected sons and daughters, with additional attention to nonacceptance of emotions for sons. Limitations and future research recommendations are discussed.

scholarly journals Chemosensory Characteristics of Two Semanotus bifasciatus Populations

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang ◽  
Shen ◽  
Zhang ◽  
Wang ◽  
Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Odorant Receptors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Odorant Binding Proteins ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Longhorn Beetles ◽  
Odorant Binding ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Semanotus bifasciatus (Motschulsky) (Cerambycidae: Coleoptera) is a major forest borer in China, and attractants provide a promising method for the control of this pest. Exploration of the chemosensory mechanisms of S. bifasciatus is important for the development of efficient attractants for this pest. However, little information is available about the olfactory mechanisms of S. bifasciatus. Previous research has indicated that the trapping effects of the same attractant are different between Beijing and Shandong populations of S. bifasciatus. To explore the reasons for this, next-generation sequencing was performed to analyze the antennal transcriptome of both sexes of the two S. bifasciatus populations, and the olfactory-related genes were identified. Furthermore, the expression levels and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the olfactory-related genes between the two populations were compared. We found that the expression levels of odorant binding proteins (OBPs), odorant receptors (ORs), and sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs) in male S. bifasciatus of the Beijing population were obviously lower than those in the Shandong population, and most of the conserved SNPs in OBPs and ORs of the two populations showed more diversity in the Beijing population. Our work provides a foundation for future research of the molecular olfactory mechanisms and pest management of S. bifasciatus, as well as other longhorn beetles.

Evaluations of Sexual Assault: Perceptions of Guilt and Legal Elements for Male and Female Aggressors Using Various Coercive Strategies

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 799-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda L. Russell ◽  
Debra L. Oswald ◽  
Shane W. Kraus
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Scripts ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physical Assault ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sex Control ◽  
Verbal Coercion ◽  
Female Aggressors ◽  
Jury Instructions ◽  
And Control

This study examines the extent to which verdict, guilt, and legal components associated with jury instructions of sexual assault differ as a function of aggressor gender, participant gender, and sexual strategy used (consensual, verbal coercion, alcohol, or physical aggression) to obtain sex. Participants (N = 423; 276 women and 147 men) read a vignette depicting either a couple having consensual sex (control), or a male or female aggressor who initiates sexual intercourse via verbal coercion, use of alcohol, or physical abuse. College students were provided with legal instructions of sexual assault then asked to provide a verdict, degree of guilt, and legal components. Female participants rated guilt and coercion higher than did male participants. Ratings of guilt were highest in the physical assault condition followed by the alcohol, verbal, and control conditions. Female aggressors were rated less guilty than male aggressors. Results are explained in relation to sexual scripts and legal decision making. Lack of significance in verdict decisions and interaction effects suggests male and female aggressors are evaluated similarly using coercive strategies; yet, consent for sex was assumed and attributions of guilt was lower when the aggressor was female. Implications for jury instructions and future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Ultrastructure of the Sensilla on the Antennae and Mouthparts of Bean Weevils, Megabruchidius dorsalis (Coleoptera: Bruchinae)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1112
Author(s):  
Siyu Chen ◽  
You Li ◽  
Fangling Xu ◽  
Maofa Yang ◽  
Xiurong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Host Location ◽  
Physiological Function ◽  
Sensory System ◽  
Antennal Sensilla ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sensilla Styloconica ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Maxillary Palps

Megabruchidius dorsalis (Fåhraeus, 1839) (Coleoptera: Bruchinae) is an important pest that damages the seeds of Gleditsia L. (Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae). This beetle searches for host plants with its sensory system. To further explore the mechanisms of host location and to understand the ultrastructure of M. dorsalis, we examined the morphology and distribution of its sensilla on the antennae and mouthparts of male and female adults, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Both male and female antennae are serrated and can be divided into scape, pedicel, and flagellum. There were seven types and eight subtypes of antennal sensilla, including Bőhm bristles (BB), two subtypes of sensilla trichoid (ST1, ST2), two subtypes of sensilla chaetica (SC1, SC2), four subtypes of sensilla basiconic (SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4), sensilla cavity (SCa), sensilla auricillica (SA), and sensilla gemmiformium (SG). Five types of maxillary and labial palp sensilla in the mouthparts were observed: sensilla chaetica (SC), sensilla trichoidea (ST), sensilla styloconica (SSt), sensilla coeloconica (SCo), and sensilla digitiform (SD). No sexual dimorphism in sensilla type was observed, but there were variations between males and females in the numbers and distribution along the antennae. There were more SA in males than in females, while the number of ST sensilla in the maxillary palps were lower in males than in females. ST1 were most abundant in both sexes. We discussed potential function related to structure via comparisons with previous investigations of bruchids and other insects. Our results provide a theoretical basis for further studies on sensory physiological function, using semiochemicals as effective biological controls of M. dorsalis.

Consumer Value Preferences in Healthcare: Insights for Value-centred Management

2021 ◽  
pp. 239496432110422
Author(s):  
Sumit Saxena ◽  
Amritesh ◽  
Subhas C. Misra
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Service Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Consumer Value ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Consumer Values ◽  
Value Types ◽  
And Control ◽  
Value Preferences

Advances in healthcare service research emphasize a value-driven approach in healthcare by pressing the need to acknowledge what matters to the patient against the conventional approach of what should be provisioned in the service. This research study adopts a consumer-centric perspective of value creation, and explores consumer value preferences in healthcare services, using netnography of online consumer reviews of cancer patients. Six different types of consumer value are identified, which carry varying consumer expectations. These are excellence, novelty, spirituality, ethics, privacy and control. The research findings confirm that all types of consumer values are not positive; rather, there is a presence of positive and negative (or must-be) elements. Privacy and ethics are identified as the negative or must-be type of consumer value, which creates not much satisfaction, but their absence is dissatisfying. Novelty and control are identified as positive value types whose absence may not be that problematic, but their enhancement creates greater customer satisfaction. The findings provide shreds of evidence to the claim that all value types are not positive, and consumers often make trade-offs between positive and negative value types while evaluating services. Future research is suggested in different healthcare contexts (e.g., chronic vs. non-chronic disease) to develop value-centred management strategies.

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