scholarly journals A Comparison of the Effects of Foam Rolling and Stretching on Physical Performance. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Konrad ◽  
Markus Tilp ◽  
Masatoshi Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Acute Bout ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Foam Rolling ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Subgroup Analyses

Foam rolling and stretching with its various techniques are frequently used as a warm-up routine to increase the range of motion of a joint. While the magnitude of the changes in range of motion between foam rolling and stretching (static and dynamic techniques) is similar, it is not clear if this also holds true for performance parameters (e.g., strength, jump height). The purpose of this meta-analysis was to compare the effects of an acute bout of foam rolling (with and without vibration) with an acute bout of stretching (with all techniques included) on performance parameters in healthy participants. We assessed the results from 13 studies and 35 effect sizes by applying a random-effect meta-analysis. Moreover, by applying a mixed-effect model, we performed subgroup analyses with the stretching technique, type of foam rolling, tested muscle, treatment duration, and type of task. We found no significant overall effect, and the analysis revealed only a trend of the performance parameters in favor of foam rolling when compared to stretching (when considering all techniques). Significantly favorable effects of foam rolling on performance were detected with subgroup analyses when compared to static stretching, when applied to some muscles (e.g., quadriceps) or some tasks (e.g., strength), when applied for longer than 60 s, or when the foam rolling included vibration. When foam rolling was compared to dynamic stretching or applied in the non-vibration mode, the same magnitude of effect was observed. While the present meta-analysis revealed no significantly different effect between foam rolling and stretching (including all techniques) prior to exercise, differences could be observed under specific conditions.

scholarly journals Association between metabolic syndrome and venous thromboembolism after total joint arthroplasty: a meta-analysis of cohort studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yipei Yang ◽  
Ziyue Li ◽  
Haifeng Liang ◽  
Jing Tian
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Joint Arthroplasty ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Subgroup Analyses

Abstract Objective Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been associated with hypercoagulative status. However, previous studies evaluating the association between MetS and incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after total joint arthroplasty (TJA) showed inconsistent results. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the influence of MetS on the risk of VTE following TJA. Methods Cohort studies were identified by the search of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane’s Library databases. A random-effect model was used if considerable heterogeneity was detected; otherwise, a fixed-effect model was used. Subgroup analyses according to the category of VTE, definition of MetS, category of procedure, and follow-up durations were performed. Results Seven cohort studies with 1,341,457 patients that underwent TJA were included, with 118,060 MetS patients (8.8%) at baseline. With a follow-up duration up to 3 months after surgery, 9788 patients had VTE. Pooled results with a random-effect model showed that MetS was not associated with increased overall VTE after TJA (adjusted risk ratio [RR] = 1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.89 ~ 1.72, p = 0.20; I2 = 69%). The results were not significantly affected by the diagnostic criteria of MetS, category of the procedure, and follow-up durations. Subgroup analyses showed that MetS was not associated with an increased the risk of pulmonary embolism ([PE], RR 1.06, 95% CI 0.37 ~ 3.02, p = 0.91), but an increased risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after TJA (RR 3.38, 95% CI 1.83 ~ 6.24, p < 0.001). Conclusions Current evidence from observational studies suggests MetS might be associated with an increased risk of DVT but not PE after TJA.

scholarly journals Regional and chronological differences in prevalences of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a systemic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong-Whun Kim ◽  
Seung Cheol Han ◽  
Hyung Dong Jo ◽  
Sung-Woo Cho ◽  
Jin Youp Kim
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Olfactory Dysfunction ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Subgroup Analyses

Abstract Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction are frequently reported in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). However, the reported prevalence of olfactory and/or gustatory dysfunction varies widely, and the reason for the inter-study differences is unclear. Hence, in this meta-analysis, we performed subgroup analyses to investigate the factors that contribute to the inter-study variability in the prevalence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction. Out of 943 citations, we included 55 eligible studies with 13,527 patients with COVID-19 for a systematic review. The overall pooled prevalences of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction were 51.4% and 47.5%, respectively, in the random-effect model. In subgroup analyses, the prevalences of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction were significantly different among four geographical regions (both P < 0.001, respectively). Although the prevalences of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction did not significantly differ according to the time of enrollment, the subgroup analyses including only studies from the same geographical region (Europe) revealed a significant difference in olfactory dysfunction according to the time of enrollment. The regional and chronological differences in the prevalences of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions partly explain the wide inter-study variability.

scholarly journals Association between metabolic syndrome and the incidence of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of cohort studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhibin Li ◽  
Hongfeng Han ◽  
Yuan Chang
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Subgroup Analyses

Abstract Background Previous studies investigating the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and incidence of gastric cancer (GC) showed inconsistent results. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of MetS on GC risk in a meta-analysis. Methods Cohort studies that evaluating the association between MetS and GC were identified via systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Pooled analyses were performed via a random-effect model or a fixed effect model according to the heterogeneity among the studies. Predefined subgroup analyses were performed to evaluate whether gender or ethnic group of the patients affected the results. Results Overall, eight cohort studies with 8,745,671 participants were included, and 37,245 GC cases occurred during follow-up. Results showed that MetS defined by the revised National Cholesterol Education Program’s Adults Treatment Panel III criteria was not associated with a significantly affected GC risk (adjusted risk ratio [RR]: 1.03, p = 0.59; I2 = 79%). Subgroup analyses showed that MetS was not associated with a significantly affected risk of GC in male or female patients, and in Asians or Caucasians. Moreover, meta-analysis of four datasets showed that MetS defined by the International Diabetes Federation criteria was also not associated with a significant affected risk of GC (adjusted RR: 0.80, p = 0.05; I2 = 0%). Conclusions These results indicated that current evidence from epidemiological studies does not support that patients with MetS are at higher risk for the development of GC.

scholarly journals Association between body size, weight change and depression: systematic review and meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 211 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun Jae Jung ◽  
Hyung-taek Woo ◽  
Sooyoung Cho ◽  
Kyounghoon Park ◽  
Seokhun Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Subgroup Analyses

BackgroundThe association between body size, weight change and depression has not been systematically summarised, especially for individuals who are underweight.AimsTo conduct a systematic review and a meta-analysis to examine the association between indices of body size, weight change and depression.MethodA total of 183 studies were selected. Fully adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) or odds ratios (ORs) were extracted. A total of 76 studies contributed to data synthesis with a random-effect model, and subgroup analyses were conducted to evaluate the effect of potential moderators.ResultsIn cohort studies, underweight at baseline increased the risk of subsequent depression (OR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.08–1.24). Overweight (BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2) showed no statistically significant relationship with depression overall; however, the subgroup analyses found different results according to gender (men: OR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.72–0.97, women: OR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.07–1.25). In cross-sectional designs, obesity with BMI >40kg/m2 showed a greater pooled odds ratio than obesity with BMI >30kg/m2.ConclusionsBoth underweight and obesity increase the risk of depression. The association between overweight and depression differs by gender.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Chitosan as a Dietary Supplement in Lowering Cholesterol in Murine Models: A Meta-Analysis

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Sung-Il Ahn ◽  
Sangbuem Cho ◽  
Nag-Jin Choi
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Murine Models ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Related Disease ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Regression Test

This study presents a meta-analysis of studies that investigate the effectiveness of chitosan administration on lifestyle-related disease in murine models. A total of 34 published studies were used to evaluate the effect of chitosan supplementation. The effect sizes for various items after chitosan administration were evaluated using the standardized mean difference. Using Cochran’s Q test, the heterogeneity of effect sizes was assessed, after which a meta-ANOVA and -regression test was conducted to explain the heterogeneity of effect sizes using the mixed-effect model. Publication bias was performed using Egger’s linear regression test. Among the items evaluated, blood triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol showed the highest heterogeneity, respectively. Other than blood HDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglyceride in feces, most items evaluated showed a negative effect size with high significance in the fixed- and random-effect model (p < 0.0001). In the meta-ANOVA and -regression test, administering chitosan and resistant starch was revealed to be most effective in lowering body weight. In addition, chitosan supplementation proved to be an effective solution for serum TNF-α inhibition. In conclusion, chitosan has been shown to be somewhat useful in improving symptoms of lifestyle-related disease. Although there are some limitations in the results of this meta-analysis due to the limited number of animal experiments conducted, chitosan administration nevertheless shows promise in reducing the risk of cholesterol related metabolic disorder.

scholarly journals Alteration of Postural Balance in Patients with Fibromyalgia Syndrome—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
David Núñez-Fuentes ◽  
Esteban Obrero-Gaitán ◽  
Noelia Zagalaz-Anula ◽  
Alfonso Javier Ibáñez-Vera ◽  
Alexander Achalandabaso-Ochoa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Postural Balance ◽  
Fibromyalgia Syndrome ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Functional Balance ◽  
Sensory Organization ◽  
Effect Model

Balance problems are one of the most frequent symptoms in patients with Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS). However, the extent and nature of this balance disorder are not known. The objective of this work was to determine the best evidence for the alteration of postural balance in patients with FMS and analyze differences with healthy controls. To meet this objective, a systematic review with meta-analysis was performed. A bibliographical search was carried out in PubMed Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL and SciELO. Observational studies that assessed postural balance in patients with FMS compared to healthy subjects in baseline conditions, were selected. In a random-effect model, the pooled effect was calculated with the Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) and its 95% confidence interval (CI). Nineteen studies reporting data of 2347 participants (95% female) were included. FMS patients showed poor balance with a large effect on static (SMD = 1.578; 95% CI = 1.164, 1.992), dynamic (SMD = 0.946; 95% CI = 0.598, 1.294), functional balance (SMD = 1.138; 95% CI = 0.689, 1.588) and on balance confidence (SMD = 1.194; 95% CI = 0.914, 1.473). Analysis of the Sensory Organization Test showed large alteration of vestibular (SMD = 1.631; 95% CI = 0.467, 2.795) and visual scores (SMD = 1.317; 95% CI = 0.153, 2.481) compared to healthy controls. Patients with FMS showed worse scores for different measures of postural balance compared to healthy controls. Concretely, FMS patients appear to have poor vestibular and visual scores with a possible somatosensory dependence.

scholarly journals Magnitude and determinants of neural tube defect in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Atlaw ◽  
Yohannes Tekalegn ◽  
Biniyam Sahiledengle ◽  
Kenbon Seyoum ◽  
Damtew Solomon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Maternal Exposure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Pooled Prevalence

Abstract Background Neural tube defects (NTDs) are a group of disorders that arise from the failure of the neural tube close between 21 and 28 days after conception. About 90% of neural tube defects and 95% of death due to these defects occurs in low-income countries. Since these NTDs cause considerable morbidity and mortality, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of NTDs in Africa. Methods The protocol of this study was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO number: CRD42020149356). All major databases such as PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, African Journals Online (AJOL), and Google Scholar search engine were systematically searched. A random-effect model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of NTDs in Africa, and Cochran’s Q-statistics and I2 tests were used to assess heterogeneity between included studies. Publication bias was assessed using Begg ’s tests, and the association between determinant factors and NTDs was estimated using a random-effect model. Results Of the total 2679 articles, 37 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of NTDs in Africa was 50.71 per 10,000 births (95% CI: 48.03, 53.44). Folic acid supplementation (AOR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.19–0.85), maternal exposure to pesticide (AOR: 3.29; 95% CI: 1.04–10.39), mothers with a previous history of stillbirth (AOR: 3.35, 95% CI: 1.99–5.65) and maternal exposure to x-ray radiation (AOR 2.34; 95% CI: 1.27–4.31) were found to be determinants of NTDs. Conclusions The pooled prevalence of NTDs in Africa was found to be high. Maternal exposure to pesticides and x-ray radiation were significantly associated with NTDs. Folic acid supplementation before and within the first month of pregnancy was found to be a protective factor for NTDs.

scholarly journals Efficacy of interventions to increase physical activity for people with heart failure: a meta-analysis

Open Heart ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e001687
Author(s):  
Aliya Amirova ◽  
Theodora Fteropoulli ◽  
Paul Williams ◽  
Mark Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Action Planning ◽  
Exercise Programme ◽  
Effect Model

ObjectivesThis meta-analysis aims to (1) evaluate the efficacy of physical activity interventions in heart failure and (2) to identify intervention characteristics significantly associated with the interventions’ efficacy.MethodsRandomised controlled trials reporting intervention effects on physical activity in heart failure were combined in a meta-analysis using a random-effect model. Exploratory meta-analysis was performed by specifying the general approach (eg, cardiac rehabilitation), strategies used (eg, action planning), setting (eg, centre based), mode of delivery (eg, face to face or online), facilitator (eg, nurse), contact time and behavioural change theory use as predictors in the random-effect model.ResultsInterventions (n=21) had a significant overall effect (SMD=0.54, 95% CI (0.13 to 0.95), p<0.0005). Combining an exercise programme with behavioural change intervention was found efficacious (SMD=1.26, 95% CI (0.26 to 2.26), p<0.05). Centre-based (SMD=0.98, 95% CI (0.35 to 1.62), and group-based (SMD=0.89, 95% CI (0.29 to 1.50),) delivery by a physiotherapist (SMD=0.84, 95% CI (0.03 to 1.65),) were significantly associated with efficacy. The following strategies were identified efficacious: prompts/cues (SMD=3.29, 95% CI (1.97 to 4.62)), credible source (standardised mean difference, SMD=2.08, 95% CI (0.95;3.22)), adding objects to the environment (SMD=1.47, 95% CI (0.41 to 2.53)), generalisation of the target behaviour SMD=1.32, 95% CI (0.22 to 2.41)), monitoring of behaviour by others without feedback (SMD=1.02, 95% CI (0.05 to 1.98)), self-monitoring of outcome(s) of behaviour (SMD=0.79, 95% CI (0.06 to 1.52), graded tasks (SMD=0.73, 95% CI (0.22 to 1.24)), behavioural practice/rehearsal (SMD=0.72, 95% CI (0.26 to 1.18)), action planning (SMD=0.62, 95% CI (0.03 to 1.21)) and goal setting (behaviour) (SMD=0.56, 95% CI (0.03 to 1.08)).ConclusionThe meta-analysis suggests intervention characteristics that may be suitable for promoting physical activity in heart failure. There is moderate evidence in support of an exercise programme combined with a behavioural change intervention delivered by a physiotherapist in a group-based and centre-based settings.PROSPERO registerationCRD42015015280.

Association between circulating leptin levels and multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 94 (1111) ◽  
pp. 278-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-Feng Xie ◽  
Xiao-Hui Huang ◽  
Ai-Zong Shen ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Ye-Huan Sun
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Healthy Control

AimLeptin, synthesised by adipocytes, has been identified as a hormone that can influence inflammatory activity. Several studies have investigated leptin levels in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), but the results are not consistent. This study aims to derive a more precise evaluation on the relationship between circulating leptin levels and MS.DesignA comprehensive literature searched up to July 2017 was conducted to evaluate the association of circulating leptin levels and MS. The random-effect model was applied to calculate pooled standardised mean difference (SMD) and its 95% CI.Main outcome measuresCirculating leptin levels of patients with MS and healthy controls.ResultsOf 2155 studies identified, 33 met eligibility criteria and 9 studies with 645 patients with MS and 586 controls were finally included in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis revealed that, compared with the healthy control group, the MS group had significantly higher plasma/serum leptin levels, with the SMD of 0.70% and 95% CI (0.24 to 1.15). Subgroup analyses suggested that the leptin levels of patients with MS were associated with region, age, study sample size, measurement type, gender and blood sample type.ConclusionOverall, our study suggests that patients with MS have a significantly higher leptin level than in healthy controls. Further mechanism studies and longitudinal large cohort studies are still needed to further reveal the role of leptin in the pathogenesis of MS.

scholarly journals Effects of Diet, Aerobic Exercise, or Both on Non-HDL-C in Adults: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Cholesterol ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Kelley ◽  
Kristi S. Kelley
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Effect Model

Purpose. To use the meta-analytic approach to examine the effects of diet (D), aerobic exercise (E), or both (DE) on non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) in adults. Methods. Randomized controlled trials in adults ≥18 years of age were included. A mixed-effect model was used to combine effect size (ES) results within each subgroup and to compare subgroups (Qb). Heterogeneity was examined using the Q and I2 statistics, and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were also calculated. Statistical significance was set at P≤0.05, while a trend for statistical significance was set between P>0.05, and ≤0.10. Results. A statistically significant exercise minus control group decrease in non-HDL-C was found for DE (7 ESs, 389 participants, x¯=-11.1 mg/dL, 95%  CI=−21.7 to −0.6, P=0.04, Q=2.4, P=0.88, I2=0%), a trend for the D group (7 ESs, 402 participants, x¯=−8.5 mg/dL, 95%  CI=−18.6 to 1.6, P=0.10, Q=0.76, P=0.99, I2=0%), and no change for the E group (7 ESs, 387 participants, x¯=3.0 mg/dL, 95%   CI=−7.1 to 13.1, P=0.56, Q=0.78, P=0.99, I2=0%). Overall, no statistically significant between-group differences were found (Qb=4.1, P=0.12). Conclusions. Diet combined with aerobic exercise may reduce non-HDL-C among adults in some settings.

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