Dark Septate Endophytic Fungi Increase Green Manure-15N Recovery Efficiency, N Contents, and Micronutrients in Rice Grains

Abstract: The objective of this work was to compare three methods of 15N isotope application to the soil in order to determine the recovery efficiency of nitrogen derived from green manure by corn (Zea mays). The used experimental design was a randomized complete block with six replicates. The treatments consisted of three 15N isotope methods: indirect method I, isotope dilution with 15N-labelled synthetic fertilizer applied through a small hole next to each corn plant; indirect method II, isotope dilution with 15N-labelled synthetic fertilizer spread in the furrow next to the corn planting row; and direct method, application of a legume straw as green manure, treated with 2.23% excess 15N. The green manure used was jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). Applying synthetic 15N to the soil (indirect methods I and II) did not interfere in the estimation of the recovery efficiency of N derived from green manure. The recovery efficiency of N from green manure was 17% for the indirect methods, overestimated when compared with that of 7% for the direct method. The direct method is the most adequate to determine the recovery efficiency of N from green manure.

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Green Manure and Mineral Fertilizer in Sequential Cropping: Effect on Dry Matter, Yield, Accumulation and Recovery Efficiency of Nutrients

Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis ◽

10.1080/00103624.2020.1845354 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Nain Peralta-Antonio ◽

Maristela Watthier ◽

Ricardo Henrique Silva Santos

Keyword(s):

Green Manure ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Mineral Fertilizer ◽

Recovery Efficiency ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Sequential Cropping

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A Field Evidence of Cd, Zn and Cu Accumulation in Soil and Rice Grains after Long-Term (27 Years) Application of Swine and Green Manures in a Paddy Soil

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13042404 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 2404

Author(s):

Babar Hussain ◽

Jumei Li ◽

Yibing Ma ◽

Yi Chen ◽

Chunyan Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Paddy Soil ◽

Green Manure ◽

Swine Manure ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Green Manures ◽

Organic Manures ◽

Rice Grains ◽

Zn And Cu In

Although inorganic and organic manures with high concentrations of heavy metals can lead to accumulation or contamination of heavy metals in soils, there are few reports on the effects of long-term application of swine and green manures on the accumulation of heavy metals in rice grains in paddy soils. A long-term field experiment, which was established in 1990 in paddy soil in Hangzhou, China, was used to investigate the effects of inorganic and organic manures on the availability and accumulation of heavy metals in soil and uptake by rice plant. The results showed that long-term application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash (NPK) plus green manure or swine manure, and swine manure only increased 202%, 146%, and 100% for total Cd, and 5.5%, 7.6%, and 6.6% for total Cu in rice grains, respectively compared to the control without fertilization. Total Zn in rice grain was significantly increased by 13.9% for the treatment of NPK plus green manure. The accumulation of Cd, Zn, and Cu in rice grains after long-term application of swine and green manures is due to the combined effects of the increased concentrations of total and EDTA extractable Cd, Zn, and Cu in soil and the changes of soil properties. Furthermore, the highest bioconcentration factor for Cd was found in the treatment of NPK plus green manure while for Zn and Cu it was observed in NPK treatment. Thus, it may be concluded that green manure and manure with increased Cd, Zn, and Cu in rice grain results in a potential risk of metal accumulation in paddy soils.

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15N-labeled nitrogen from green manure and ammonium sulfate utilization by the sugarcane ratoon

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162011000300014 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 68 (3) ◽

pp. 361-368 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Edmilson José Ambrosano ◽

Paulo Cesar Ocheuze Trivelin ◽

Heitor Cantarella ◽

Gláucia Maria Bovi Ambrosano ◽

Eliana Aparecida Schammass ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ammonium Sulfate ◽

Green Manure ◽

15N Tracer ◽

15N Recovery ◽

Inorganic N ◽

N Application ◽

Saccharum Spp ◽

Sunn Hemp ◽

Alternative Sources ◽

Biological Nitrogen

Legumes as green manure are alternative sources of nitrogen (N) for crops and can supplement or even replace mineral nitrogen fertilization due to their potential for biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). The utilization of nitrogen by sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) fertilized with sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) and ammonium sulfate (AS) was evaluated using the 15N tracer technique. N was added at the rate of 196 and 70 kg ha-1 as 15Nlabeled sunn hemp green manure (SH) and as ammonium sulfate (AS), respectively. Treatments were: (i) Control; (ii) AS15N; (iii) SH15N + AS; (iv) SH15N; and (v) AS15N + SH. Sugarcane was cultivated for five years and was harvested three times. 15N recovery was evaluated in the two first harvests. In the sum of the three harvests, the highest stalk yields were obtained with a combination of green manure and inorganic N fertilizer; however, in the second cutting the yields were higher where SH was used than in plots with AS. The recovery of N by the first two consecutive harvests accounted for 19 to 21% of the N applied as leguminous green manure and 46 to 49% of the N applied as AS. The amounts of inorganic N, derived from both N sources, present in the 0-0.4 m layer of soil in the first season after N application and were below 1 kg ha-1.

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