scholarly journals Editorial: Glucosinolates: Regulation of Biosynthesis and Hydrolysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhanu Malhotra ◽  
Naveen C. Bisht
Keyword(s):  
Regulation Of Biosynthesis

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal regulation of biosynthesis of the plant immune signal salicylic acid

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (30) ◽  
pp. 9166-9173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-yu Zheng ◽  
Mian Zhou ◽  
Heejin Yoo ◽  
Jose L. Pruneda-Paz ◽  
Natalie Weaver Spivey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathway ◽  
Temporal Regulation ◽  
Calmodulin Binding ◽  
Regulation Of Biosynthesis ◽  
Pathogen Entry ◽  
Transcription Activators ◽  
Transcriptional Induction

The plant hormone salicylic acid (SA) is essential for local defense and systemic acquired resistance (SAR). When plants, such as Arabidopsis, are challenged by different pathogens, an increase in SA biosynthesis generally occurs through transcriptional induction of the key synthetic enzyme isochorismate synthase 1 (ICS1). However, the regulatory mechanism for this induction is poorly understood. Using a yeast one-hybrid screen, we identified two transcription factors (TFs), NTM1-LIKE 9 (NTL9) and CCA1 HIKING EXPEDITION (CHE), as activators of ICS1 during specific immune responses. NTL9 is essential for inducing ICS1 and two other SA synthesis-related genes, PHYTOALEXIN-DEFICIENT 4 (PAD4) and ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 (EDS1), in guard cells that form stomata. Stomata can quickly close upon challenge to block pathogen entry. This stomatal immunity requires ICS1 and the SA signaling pathway. In the ntl9 mutant, this response is defective and can be rescued by exogenous application of SA, indicating that NTL9-mediated SA synthesis is essential for stomatal immunity. CHE, the second identified TF, is a central circadian clock oscillator and is required not only for the daily oscillation in SA levels but also for the pathogen-induced SA synthesis in systemic tissues during SAR. CHE may also regulate ICS1 through the known transcription activators CALMODULIN BINDING PROTEIN 60g (CBP60g) and SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED RESISTANCE DEFICIENT 1 (SARD1) because induction of these TF genes is compromised in the che-2 mutant. Our study shows that SA biosynthesis is regulated by multiple TFs in a spatial and temporal manner and therefore fills a gap in the signal transduction pathway between pathogen recognition and SA production.

Respiratory system of Fusidium coccineum and regulation of biosynthesis of fusidic acid and sporogenesis

1981 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 220-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Navashin ◽  
Yu. E. Bartoshevich ◽  
G. N. Telesnina ◽  
R. A. Zvjagilskaya ◽  
S. V. Dmitriyeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory System ◽  
Fusidic Acid ◽  
Regulation Of Biosynthesis

scholarly journals Heavy Vacuum Gas Oil Upregulates the Rhamnosyltransferases and Quorum Sensing Cascades of Rhamnolipids Biosynthesis in Pseudomonas sp. AK6U

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 4122
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Alkhalaf ◽  
Ahmed R. Ramadan ◽  
Christian Obuekwe ◽  
Ashraf M. El Nayal ◽  
Nasser Abotalib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Vacuum Gas Oil ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Gas Oil ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Regulation Of Biosynthesis ◽  
Heavy Vacuum Gas Oil

We followed a comparative approach to investigate how heavy vacuum gas oil (HVGO) affects the expression of genes involved in biosurfactants biosynthesis and the composition of the rhamnolipid congeners in Pseudomonas sp. AK6U. HVGO stimulated biosurfactants production as indicated by the lower surface tension (26 mN/m) and higher yield (7.8 g/L) compared to a glucose culture (49.7 mN/m, 0.305 g/L). Quantitative real-time PCR showed that the biosurfactants production genes rhlA and rhlB were strongly upregulated in the HVGO culture during the early and late exponential growth phases. To the contrary, the rhamnose biosynthesis genes algC, rmlA and rmlC were downregulated in the HVGO culture. Genes of the quorum sensing systems which regulate biosurfactants biosynthesis exhibited a hierarchical expression profile. The lasI gene was strongly upregulated (20-fold) in the HVGO culture during the early log phase, whereas both rhlI and pqsE were upregulated during the late log phase. Rhamnolipid congener analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed a much higher proportion (up to 69%) of the high-molecularweight homologue Rha–Rha–C10–C10 in the HVGO culture. The results shed light on the temporal and carbon source-mediated shifts in rhamonlipids’ composition and regulation of biosynthesis which can be potentially exploited to produce different rhamnolipid formulations tailored for specific applications.

Regulation of biosynthesis of secondary metabolites

1969 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 398-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Voříšek ◽  
A. J. Powell ◽  
Z. Vaněk
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Regulation Of Biosynthesis

THE INFLUENCE OF GLUCOCORTICOID HORMONES ON THE GENE TRANSCRIPTION OF POUR COMPONENTS OF THE FIBRINOLYTIC SYSTEM

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
R L Medcalf ◽  
E van den Berg ◽  
W-D Schleuning
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transcription ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Fibrinolytic System ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Glucocorticoid Hormones ◽  
Regulation Of Biosynthesis ◽  
Matrix Stability ◽  
Cloned Cdna ◽  
Pai 1

The hormonal regulation of plasminogen activator (urokinase type (u-PA) and tissue-type (t-PA)) biosynthesis plays an important role in fibrinolysis and extracellular matrix turnover during invasive growth and cell migration. Recently, two genetically distinct inhibitors of both PA's (PA inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and PA inhibitor 2 (PAI-2)) have been described which may contribute to the modulation of matrix stability. We have employed cloned cDNA probes to study the regulation of biosynthesis of these proteins in the human fibrosarcoma line HT1080. These cells constitutively express high levels of pro-u-PA. PAI-1, PAI-2 and t-PA are also present at relatively low levels. Treatment of the cells with the glucocorticoid dexamethasone (Dex; 10−7 M), almost completely suppresses u-PA gene transcription, as determined by measurement of in vitro elongation of initiated u-PA transcripts in isolated nuclei ("run-on" transcription assay). Concomitantly, Dex also induces PAI-1 and t-PA gene transcription, whereas PAI-2 gene transcription appeared to remain ' unaffected. These changes in transcription rates are also reflected at the level of mRNA: u-PA mRNA is decreased, whereas PAI-1 and t-PA mRNA are simultaneously induced. PAI-2 mRNA is apparently unchanged. These results demonstrate that glucocorticoid hormones reprogramne the expression of components of the fibrinolytic system, and are of possible relevance in the context of inflammatory disease and malignancy.

scholarly journals Polyamine Action under Metal/Metalloid Stress: Regulation of Biosynthesis, Metabolism, and Molecular Interactions

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 3215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirza Hasanuzzaman ◽  
Haifa Abdulaziz S. Alhaithloul ◽  
Khursheda Parvin ◽  
M.H.M. Borhannuddin Bhuyan ◽  
Mohsin Tanveer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Nitric Oxides ◽  
Growth Physiology ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Enzymatic Regulation ◽  
Regulation Of Biosynthesis ◽  
Living Organisms

Polyamines (PAs) are found in all living organisms and serve many vital physiological processes. In plants, PAs are ubiquitous in plant growth, physiology, reproduction, and yield. In the last decades, PAs have been studied widely for exploring their function in conferring abiotic stresses (salt, drought, and metal/metalloid toxicity) tolerance. The role of PAs in enhancing antioxidant defense mechanism and subsequent oxidative stress tolerance in plants is well-evident. However, the enzymatic regulation in PAs biosynthesis and metabolism is still under research and widely variable under various stresses and plant types. Recently, exogenous use of PAs, such as putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, was found to play a vital role in enhancing stress tolerance traits in plants. Polyamines also interact with other molecules like phytohormones, nitric oxides, trace elements, and other signaling molecules to providing coordinating actions towards stress tolerance. Due to the rapid industrialization metal/metalloid(s) contamination in the soil and subsequent uptake and toxicity in plants causes the most significant yield loss in cultivated plants, which also hamper food security. Finding the ways in enhancing tolerance and remediation mechanism is one of the critical tasks for plant biologists. In this review, we will focus the recent update on the roles of PAs in conferring metal/metalloid(s) tolerance in plants.

Regulation of biosynthesis of excessive metabolites

1974 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Běhal ◽  
M. Podojil ◽  
Z. Hošťálek ◽  
Z. Vaněk ◽  
F. Lynen
Keyword(s):  
Regulation Of Biosynthesis
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document