Temperature Acclimation of the Picoalga Ostreococcus tauri Triggers Early Fatty-Acid Variations and Involves a Plastidial ω3-Desaturase

Alteration of fatty-acid unsaturation is a universal response to temperature changes. Marine microalgae display the largest diversity of polyunsaturated fatty-acid (PUFA) whose content notably varies according to temperature. The physiological relevance and the molecular mechanisms underlying these changes are however, still poorly understood. The ancestral green picoalga Ostreococcus tauri displays original lipidic features that combines PUFAs from two distinctive microalgal lineages (Chlorophyceae, Chromista kingdom). In this study, optimized conditions were implemented to unveil early fatty-acid and desaturase transcriptional variations upon chilling and warming. We further functionally characterized the O. tauri ω3-desaturase which is closely related to ω3-desaturases from Chromista species. Our results show that the overall omega-3 to omega-6 ratio is swiftly and reversibly regulated by temperature variations. The proportion of the peculiar 18:5 fatty-acid and temperature are highly and inversely correlated pinpointing the importance of 18:5 temperature-dependent variations across kingdoms. Chilling rapidly and sustainably up-regulated most desaturase genes. Desaturases involved in the regulation of the C18-PUFA pool as well as the Δ5-desaturase appear to be major transcriptional targets. The only ω3-desaturase candidate, related to ω3-desaturases from Chromista species, is localized at chloroplasts in Nicotiana benthamiana and efficiently performs ω3-desaturation of C18-PUFAs in Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. Overexpression in the native host further unveils a broad impact on plastidial and non-plastidial glycerolipids illustrated by the alteration of omega-3/omega-6 ratio in C16-PUFA and VLC-PUFA pools. Global glycerolipid features of the overexpressor recall those of chilling acclimated cells.

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Mediterranean Diet: Lipids, Inflammation, and Malaria Infection

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21124489 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (12) ◽

pp. 4489

Author(s):

Adriana R. Silva ◽

Bianca P. T. Moraes ◽

Cassiano F. Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque

Keyword(s):

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Malaria Infection ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Omega 6 ◽

Potential Benefits ◽

3 Omega

The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) consists of consumption of vegetables and healthy oils and have beneficial effects on metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Our goal here is to discuss the role of fatty acid content in MedDiet, mostly omega-3, omega-6, and omega-9 on malaria. Malaria affects millions of people around the globe. The parasite Plasmodium causes the disease. The metabolic and inflammatory alterations in the severe forms have damaging consequences to the host. The lipid content in the MedDiet holds anti-inflammatory and pro-resolutive features in the host and have detrimental effects on the Plasmodium. The lipids from the diet impact the balance of pro- and anti-inflammation, thus, lipids intake from the diet is critical to parasite elimination and host tissue damage caused by an immune response. Herein, we go into the cellular and molecular mechanisms and targets of the MedDiet fatty acids in the host and the parasite, reviewing potential benefits of the MedDiet, on inflammation, malaria infection progression, and clinical outcome.

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Dietary Modulation of Omega-3/Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Ratios in Patients With Breast Cancer

JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute ◽

10.1093/jnci/89.15.1123 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 89 (15) ◽

pp. 1123-1131 ◽

Cited By ~ 70

Author(s):

D. Bagga ◽

S. Capone ◽

H.-J. Wang ◽

D. Heber ◽

M. Lill ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Dietary Modulation ◽

Omega 6 ◽

3 Omega

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Effect of different dietary omega-3/omega-6 fatty acid ratios on reproduction in male rats

Lipids in Health and Disease ◽

10.1186/1476-511x-12-33 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 33 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Lin Yan ◽

Xiao-long Bai ◽

Zheng-feng Fang ◽

Lian-qiang Che ◽

Sheng-yu Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Male Rats ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Omega 6 ◽

3 Omega

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Monohydroxylated fatty acid substrate specificity of human leukocyte 5-lipoxygenase and ω-hydroxylase

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj2560879 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 256 (3) ◽

pp. 879-883 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M Guichardant ◽

M Lagarde

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Substrate Specificity ◽

Calcium Ionophore ◽

Hydroxy Derivative ◽

Ionophore A23187 ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Double Bonds ◽

Omega 6 ◽

3 Omega

Various monohydroxylated fatty acids were synthesized from eicosapolyenoic acids, namely arachidonic (20:4 omega-6), timnodonic (20:5 omega-3), dihomogammalinolenic (20:3 omega-6) and mead (20:3 omega-9) acids. 12-Hydroxy derivatives, as well as 12-hydroxy-5,8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid (HHT), were produced with platelets as the enzyme source, and 15-hydroxy derivatives were produced by soya bean lipoxygenase treatment. Each monohydroxylated fatty acid was incubated with human leukocytes in the presence or absence of the calcium ionophore A23187, and dihydroxylated products were analysed by h.p.l.c. 12-Hydroxy derivatives of 20:4 omega-6, 20:5 omega-3 and 20:3 omega-9 were similarly oxygenated by both the 5-lipoxygenase and the omega-hydroxylase. As expected, the 12-hydroxy derivative of 20:3 omega-6 was not a substrate for 5-lipoxygenase, but surprisingly, omega-6 oxygenated products, like 15-OH-20:4 or HHT, were not converted by the enzyme, although being potential substrates because of the presence of two double bonds at C-5 and C-8. omega-6 oxygenated derivatives were also poorly converted by leukotriene B4 omega-hydroxylase, a cytochrome P-450-dependent enzyme. It is concluded that both leukocyte 5-lipoxygenase and omega-hydroxylase exhibit a substrate specificity towards monohydroxylated fatty acids with respect to their double bonds and/or the carbon position of the alcohol function.

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An n-6 /n-3 (.OMEGA.6/.OMEGA.3) balance. Prevention of the large intestine carcinogenesis by dietary .OMEGA.3 fatty acids. Consideration of the effective .OMEGA.6/.OMEGA.3 fatty acid ratio.

Journal of Lipid Nutrition ◽

10.4010/jln.4.34 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 34-40

Author(s):

TOMIO NARISAWA

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Large Intestine ◽

Fatty Acid Ratio ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Ratio ◽

Omega 6 ◽

3 Omega

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Characteristic Squalene compounds Shark Liver Oil of home industry product in Pelabuhan Ratu

Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia ◽

10.17844/jphpi.v20i3.19772 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 494 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sri Ayu Insani ◽

Sugeng Heri Suseno ◽

Agoes Mardiono Jacoeb

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Test Results ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Shark Liver Oil ◽

Omega 6 ◽

3 Omega ◽

Dominant Fatty Acid

Omega-3, Omega-6, Omega-9 fatty acids and Squalene are an active component of fish oil that are beneficial to the human health. Squalene is countained in shark liver oil (Centrophorus sp.). The aim of this research was to determine the quality and characterization of fish oil from of household production at Pelabuhan Ratu. The analysis is the fatty acid profile, primer and sekunder oxidation and determine the content of compounds squalene contained in the shark liver oil. The fatty acid profile showed that the dominant fatty acid is oleic aced (28.22%). EPA and DHA of shark liver oil are 1.54% and 4.78% respectively. The test results of parameter value of primary and secondary showed shark liver oil has a high oxidation value of PV (17.73 mEg/kg), p-AV (29.32 mEg/kg), TOTOX (64.78 mEg/kg) and FFA (4.65%). The value of the density and viscosity of the shark liver oil of 0.91 g/cm3 and 38.18 cPs. Clarity shark liver oil at a wavelength of 450 nm is 84.98%. GC-MS showed that squalene peak appears at the retention time of 23.357 and 23.285 minutes with a total area of 12.49% and 22.14% for crude and pure (reffine) shark liver oil and its molecular weight was 410.391 g/mol.

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EFFEK ASAM LEMAK OMEGA 3, OMEGA 6 DAN KOLESTEROL SINTETIS TERHADAP REPRODUKSI PUYUH JANTAN (COTURNIX COTURNIX JAPONICA) DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENDAPATAN PETERNAK

AGRIPTEK (Jurnal Agribisnis dan Peternakan) ◽

10.51673/agriptek.v1i1.607 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Abyadul Fitriyah ◽

Isyaturriyadhah Isyaturriyadhah

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽

Testosterone Level ◽

Research Output ◽

Eicosatetraenoic Acid ◽

Testis Weight ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Best Response ◽

Omega 6 ◽

3 Omega

This research aims to know the effects of using Omega 3, Omega 6 Fatty Acid and Cholesterol synthetic on Hormone Testosterone Level, voice frequency, and male quails reproduction organ. The research used 175 male quails which were divided in to 7 treatment groups; R0 (control), R1 (0,163 mg eicosapentaenoic acid), R2 (0,326 mg eicosapentaenoic acid), R3 (0,163 mg 5,8,11,14 eicosatetraenoic acid), R4 (0,326 mg 5,8,11,14 eicosatetraenoic acid), R5 (20 mg cholesterol NF), R6 (40 mg cholesterol NF). Cholesterol and fatty acid treatment were given orally for five days in succession for each treatment group. Data were analyzed with one-way analyze, and then continued with orthogonal contrast test and morphometric test. The research output, omega 3, omega 6 fatty acid with double dose (0,326 mg), showed the best response: the increase of the testis weight, height, diameter, and volume. The highest hormone testosterone level was showed by R2 treatment. The conclusion is that using 0,326 mg omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acid affected the reproduction organ's improvement and male quail's blood plasma and hormone testosterone level

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Δ 6-desaturase activity in liver microsomes of rats fed diets enriched with cholesterol and/or ω3 fatty acids

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj2490351 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 249 (2) ◽

pp. 351-356 ◽

Cited By ~ 189

Author(s):

M L Garg ◽

E Sebokova ◽

A B R Thomson ◽

M T Clandinin

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Beef Tallow ◽

Acid Content ◽

Linseed Oil ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽

Omega 6 ◽

3 Omega

The effect of feeding semipurified diets enriched in linseed (rich in C18:3, omega 3 fatty acid) or fish (rich in C20:5, omega 3 and C22:6, omega 3 fatty acid) oil with and without cholesterol supplementation on the desaturation of linoleic acid (C18:2, omega 6) by rat liver microsomal fractions was investigated. Animals fed diets supplemented with beef tallow were used as equal-energy controls. Both linseed-oil and fish-oil diets, without added cholesterol, decrease conversion of C18:2, omega 6 fatty acid to gamma-linolenic acid (C18:3, omega 6). Reduction in delta 6-desaturation was significantly greater for animals fed the diet containing fish oil than with animals fed the linseed-oil diet. The major effect of cholesterol supplementation was to decrease the rate of desaturation of C18:2, omega 6, when fed in combination with the beef-tallow diet, whereas delta 6-desaturation was unaffected when cholesterol was fed along with diets high in omega 3 fatty acids (linseed oil or fish oil). The activity of the delta 6-desaturase in vitro is consistent with the fatty acid composition observed for the microsomal membranes on which this enzyme is localized. Dietary linseed oil and fish oil lowered the arachidonic (C20:4, omega 6) acid content of rat liver microsomes, with an accompanying increase in membrane eicosapentaenoic (C20:5, omega 3) and docosahexaenoic (C22:6, omega 3) acid content, in comparison with the group fed beef tallow. Inclusion of cholesterol into the beef-tallow or linseed-oil diets resulted in decreased membrane C20:4, omega 6-fatty-acid content, with concomitant increase in C18:2, omega 6-fatty-acid content. However, addition of cholesterol to the fish-oil diet did not alter the microsomal membrane content of C20:4, omega 6 fatty acid. Thus it is suggested that (1) the decrease in prostaglandin E2, thromboxane and prostacyclin levels generally observed after fish-oil consumption may be at least partly due to inhibition of C20:4, omega 6-fatty-acid synthesis from C18:2, omega 6 fatty acid; and (2) consumption of fish oil prevents the further decrease in C20:4, omega 6-fatty-acid levels by dietary cholesterol that is apparent when cholesterol is fed in combination with diets high in saturated fat or C18:3, omega 3 fatty acid.

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