SlTPL1 Silencing Induces Facultative Parthenocarpy in Tomato

Facultative parthenocarpy is of great practical value. However, the molecular mechanism underlying facultative parthenocarpy remains elusive. Transcriptional co-repressors (TPL) act as a central regulatory hub controlling all nine phytohormone pathways. Previously, we proved that SlTPLs participate in the auxin signaling pathway by interacting with auxin/indole acetic acid (Aux/IAAs) in tomato; however, their function in fruit development has not been studied. In addition to their high expression levels during flower development, the interaction between SlTPL1 and SlIAA9 stimulated the investigation of its functional significance via RNA interference (RNAi) technology, whereby the translation of a protein is prevented by selective degradation of its encoded mRNA. Down-regulation of SlTPL1 resulted in facultative parthenocarpy. Plants of SlTPL1-RNAi transgenic lines produced similar fruits which did not show any pleiotropic effects under normal conditions. However, they produced seedless fruits upon emasculation and under heat stress conditions. Furthermore, SlTPL1-RNAi flower buds contained higher levels of cytokinins and lower levels of abscisic acid. To reveal how SlTPL1 regulates facultative parthenocarpy, RNA-seq was performed to identify genes regulated by SlTPL1 in ovaries before and after fruit set. The results showed that down-regulation of SlTPL1 resulted in reduced expression levels of cytokinin metabolism-related genes, and all transcription factors such as MYB, CDF, and ERFs. Conversely, down-regulation of SlTPL1 induced the expression of genes related to cell wall and cytoskeleton organization. These data provide novel insights into the molecular mechanism of facultative tomato parthenocarpy and identify SlTPL1 as a key factor regulating these processes.

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Effects of phosphorus, indolebutyric acid and naphthylphthalamic acid on the lateral root growth of Poncirus trifoliata

International Journal of Current Research in Biosciences and Plant Biology ◽

10.20546/ijcrbp.2021.809.002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 13-16

Author(s):

Gong Tian-zhi ◽

Zhang De-jian

Keyword(s):

Lateral Root ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Poncirus Trifoliata ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Auxin Signaling ◽

Trifoliate Orange ◽

Indolebutyric Acid ◽

Auxin Signaling Pathway ◽

Key Factor ◽

Naphthylphthalamic Acid

To explore the influence of phosphorus (P), indolebutyric acid (IBA, Auxin) and Naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA, Auxin transport inhibitor) on plant lateral root (LR) formation, Poncirus trifoliata seedlings at two P levels, low P (LP) and control treatment (CK), which was applied with IBA and NPA, and the regulative effects of P level, IBA and NPA on LR formation of trifoliate orange were investigated. The results showed that LP level significantly reduced the plant biomass, LR number and length. NPA significantly decreased the plant biomass, LR number and length, while IBA did not significantly influence these parameters. These data suggested that auxin signaling pathway could be involved in the regulation of P level on LR formation, and the auxin transportation should be the key factor in LR formation of trifoliate orange.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Physcomitrella patens auxin-resistant mutants affect conserved elements of an auxin-signaling pathway.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.5704956.5686057 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Jiri Friml ◽

Steffen Vanneste

Keyword(s):

Signaling Pathway ◽

Physcomitrella Patens ◽

Auxin Signaling ◽

Auxin Signaling Pathway ◽

Resistant Mutants

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A preliminary analysis of association between the down-regulation of microRNA-181b expression and symptomatology improvement in schizophrenia patients before and after antipsychotic treatment

Journal of Psychiatric Research ◽

10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.03.008 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 54 ◽

pp. 134-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Hong-tao Song ◽

Xin-yang Sun ◽

Liang Zhang ◽

Lin Zhao ◽

Zhong-min Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preliminary Analysis ◽

Antipsychotic Treatment ◽

Down Regulation ◽

Before And After

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Down‐regulation of human CYP3A4 by the inflammatory signal interleukin 6: molecular mechanism and transcription factors involved

The FASEB Journal ◽

10.1096/fj.02-0195fje ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 16 (13) ◽

pp. 1-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 140

Author(s):

Ramiro Jover ◽

Roque Bort ◽

Ma. José Gómez‐Lechón ◽

José V. Castell

Keyword(s):

Transcription Factors ◽

Molecular Mechanism ◽

Interleukin 6 ◽

Down Regulation

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Abstract 561: Dysregulation of miR-155 in Acute Oscillatory Shear Stress (OSS)-mediated Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction

Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology ◽

10.1161/atvb.36.suppl_1.561 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 36 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Islam Mohamed ◽

Sheena Thomas ◽

Kimberly Rooney ◽

Roy Sutliff ◽

Nick Willett ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Shear Stress ◽

Barrier Function ◽

Oscillatory Shear ◽

Blue Dye ◽

Down Regulation ◽

Inflammatory Stress ◽

Cytoskeleton Organization ◽

Oscillatory Shear Stress

Introduction: Shear stress forces play an integral role in dictating the endothelial cell (EC) response to changes in blood flow, pro-inflammatory response and hence development of atherosclerosis. Previously, our group has identified EC microRNA-155 (miR-155) as one of the key signature dysregulated miRNAs in areas of chronic low magnitude oscillatory shear stress (OSS) in vasculature and OSS models of in-vitro. Hypothesis: we hypothesized that acute induction of OSS mediates EC oxidative stress, inflammation and dysfunction, via dysregulation of EC miR-155. Methods: 12-week old C57B/6J mice were subjected to abdominal aortic coarctation (AAC), a unique model of acute induction of OSS, for 3 days and downstream segments of acute OSS were compared to upstream unidirectional shear stress (USS) segments of the thoracic aorta. Results: Acute OSS resulted in down regulation of EC miR-155 expression and inverse upregulation of EC RhoA and Myosin light chain kinase (MYLK), known targets of miR-155-mediated EC cytoskeleton organization, in OSS segments compared with USS. This was associated with impaired EC dependent relaxation, differential contractile response to phenylephrine, and loss of EC barrier function as evaluated by extravasation of Evans-blue dye assay. In parallel, En-face immunohistochemical staining also showed increased expression of EC nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) along with increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrotyrosine (NY) formation in OSS segments compared with USS. Conclusions: Together, our studies shed light on the early changes in EC response to acute induction of OSS and resulting down-regulation of EC mir-155, including; oxidative/inflammatory stress, EC dysfunction, loss of barrier function and cytoskeletal changes. Despite the early upregulation of eNOS, it could also potentially synergize with the activation of the RhoA-MYLK pathway in EC oxidative (ROS/NY)/inflammatory stress and associated EC dysfunction. Further studies are in progress to dissect the interplay between these different pathways and their causal relationships as downstream targets of EC miR-155.

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Fat Tail Analysis on S&P 100 Stocks-before and after US President Election

Ushus - Journal of Business Management ◽

10.12725/ujbm.52.5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 79-88

Author(s):

Sandeep Thakur

Keyword(s):

Heavy Tails ◽

Economic Condition ◽

Donald Trump ◽

Fat Tail ◽

Us Economy ◽

The Us ◽

Before And After ◽

Key Factor ◽

Climate And Health ◽

Tail Analysis

The main aim of this paper is to determine whether the volatility in the stocks can be created by events like the US Election and whether it leads to Fat Tail in the stocks. Fat Tail analysis is a key factor in determining volatility and has been used in the economy as well as in many other fields like climate and health. Log return has been used to determine the Fat Tail. To make the work more reliable, two Presidential election periods, that of Barack Obama and Donald Trump is selected and is compared for volatility and Fat Tail. For this study, stocks from the S&P 100 are selected and observed. The results show that the US economy is not at all driven by who comes in power and when but rather by the present economic condition. Stocks showing heavy tails during the Obama presidency are primarily because the economy was under Sub Prime Crisis too.

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Effects of Ozone on Hippocampus BDNF and Fos Expressions in Rats with Chronic Compression of Dorsal Root Ganglia

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2021/5572915 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Lingling Zhu ◽

Yanxiu Wang ◽

Xiaowen Lin ◽

Xu Zhao ◽

Zhi jian Fu

Keyword(s):

Dorsal Root Ganglia ◽

Dorsal Root ◽

Sham Group ◽

Sham Operation ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Expression Levels ◽

Fos Protein ◽

Before And After ◽

Formula Group ◽

Fos Expression

The effects of ozone on hippocampal expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and c-fos protein (Fos) were evaluated in rats with chronic compression of dorsal root ganglia (CCD). Forty-eight adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the following 4 groups ( n = 12 ): sham operation (sham group), CCD group, CCD with 20 μg/ml of ozone ( CCD + A O 3 group), and CCD with 40 μg/ml of ozone ( CCD + B O 3 group). Except the sham group, unilateral L5 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) compression was performed on all other groups. On days 1, 2, and 4 after the operation, the CCD + A O 3 and CCD + B O 3 groups were injected with 100 μl of ozone with concentrations of 20 and 40 μg/ml, respectively. Thermal withdrawal latencies (TWLs) and mechanical withdrawal thresholds (MWTs) were measured at various time points before and after the operation. BDNF and Fos expressions were examined in the extracted hippocampi using immunohistochemistry. The TWLs and MWTs of CCD model rats that received ozone were lower with decreased BDNF and increased Fos expression levels, on day 21 after the operation, compared to those of the sham group ( P < 0.05 ). The TWLs and MWTs of the CCD + A O 3 and CCD + B O 3 groups were higher with increased BDNF and decreased Fos expression levels, on day 21 after the operation, compared to those of the CCD group ( P < 0.05 ). The TWLs were longer and the MWTs were higher in the CCD + B O 3 group at each time point with increased BDNF and decreased Fos expression levels, on day 21 after the operation, compared to those of the CCD + A O 3 group ( P < 0.05 ). Our results revealed that ozone can relieve the neuropathic pain caused by the pathological neuralgia resulting from DRG compression in rats. The mechanism of action for ozone is likely associated with changes in BDNF and Fos expression levels in the hippocampus.

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Down-Regulation of Inpp5e Associated With Abnormal Ciliogenesis During Embryonic Neurodevelopment Under Inositol Deficiency

Frontiers in Neurology ◽

10.3389/fneur.2021.579998 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Huixuan Yue ◽

Shen Li ◽

Jiaxing Qin ◽

Tingting Gao ◽

Jianjun Lyu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Cilia ◽

Cell Model ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Inositol Polyphosphate ◽

Cell Models ◽

Down Regulation ◽

Nih3t3 Cells ◽

Expression Levels ◽

Brain Tissues

The inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase E (Inpp5e) gene is located on chromosome 9q34.3. The enzyme it encodes mainly hydrolyzes the 5-phosphate groups of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PtdIns (3,4,5) P3) and phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PtdIns (4,5)P2), which are closely related to ciliogenesis and embryonic neurodevelopment, through mechanisms that are largely unknown. Here we studied the role of Inpp5e gene in ciliogenesis during embryonic neurodevelopment using inositol-deficiency neural tube defects (NTDs) mouse and cell models. Confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscope were used to examine the number and the length of primary cilia. The dynamic changes of Inpp5e expression in embryonic murine brain tissues were observed during Embryonic Day 10.5–13.5 (E 10.5–13.5). Immunohistochemistry, western blot, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) arrays were applied to detect the expression of Inpp5e and cilia-related genes of the embryonic brain tissues in inositol deficiency NTDs mouse. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to validate the candidate genes in cell models. The levels of inositol and PtdIns(3,4) P2 were measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Our results showed that the expression levels of Inpp5e gradually decreased in the forebrain tissues of the control embryos, but no stable trend was observed in the inositol deficiency NTDs embryos. Inpp5e expression in inositol deficiency NTDs embryos was significantly decreased compared with the control tissues. The expression levels of Inpp5e gene and the PtdIns (3,4) P2 levels were also significantly decreased in the inositol deficient cell model. A reduced number and length of primary cilia were observed in NIH3T3 cells when inositol deficient. Three important cilia-related genes (Ift80, Mkks, Smo) were down-regulated significantly in the inositol-deficient NTDs mouse and cell models, and Smo was highly involved in NTDs. In summary, these findings suggested that down-regulation of Inpp5e might be associated with abnormal ciliogenesis during embryonic neurodevelopment, under conditions of inositol deficiency.

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Identification and Analysis of Three Hub Prognostic Genes Related to Osteosarcoma Metastasis

Journal of Oncology ◽

10.1155/2021/6646459 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Jianye Tan ◽

Haofeng Liang ◽

Bingsheng Yang ◽

Shuang Zhu ◽

Guofeng Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Prognostic Biomarkers ◽

Messenger Rnas ◽

Hub Genes ◽

Cox Regression Analysis ◽

Expression Levels ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Before And After

Osteosarcoma (OS) often occurs in children and often undergoes metastasis, resulting in lower survival rates. Information on the complexity and pathogenic mechanism of OS is limited, and thus, the development of treatments involving alternative molecular and genetic targets is hampered. We categorized transcriptome data into metastasis and nonmetastasis groups, and 400 differential RNAs (230 messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and 170 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs)) were obtained by the edgeR package. Prognostic genes were identified by performing univariate Cox regression analysis and the Kaplan–Meier (KM) survival analysis. We then examined the correlation between the expression level of prognostic lncRNAs and mRNAs. Furthermore, microRNAs (miRNAs) corresponding to the coexpression of lncRNA-mRNA was predicted, which was used to construct a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network. Finally, multivariate Cox proportional risk regression analysis was used to identify hub prognostic genes. Three hub prognostic genes (ABCG8, LOXL4, and PDE1B) were identified as potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for OS. Furthermore, transcriptions factors (TFs) (DBP, ESX1, FOS, FOXI1, MEF2C, NFE2, and OTX2) and lncRNAs (RP11-357H14.16, RP11-284N8.3, and RP11-629G13.1) that were able to affect the expression levels of genes before and after transcription were found to regulate the prognostic hub genes. In addition, we identified drugs related to the prognostic hub genes, which may have potential clinical applications. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) confirmed that the expression levels of ABCG8, LOXL4, and PDE1B coincided with the results of bioinformatics analysis. Moreover, the relationship between the hub prognostic gene expression and patient prognosis was also validated. Our study elucidated the roles of three novel prognostic biomarkers in the pathogenesis of OS as well as presenting a potential clinical treatment for OS.

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