scholarly journals Transcriptomic Profiling Reveals Shared Signalling Networks Between Flower Development and Herbivory-Induced Responses in Tomato

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanlan Ke ◽  
Yangzi Wang ◽  
Martin Schäfer ◽  
Thomas Städler ◽  
Rensen Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Primary Metabolism ◽  
Induced Responses ◽  
Pollinator Attraction ◽  
Induced Defences ◽  
Molecular Machinery

Most flowering plants must defend themselves against herbivores for survival and attract pollinators for reproduction. Although traits involved in plant defence and pollinator attraction are often localised in leaves and flowers, respectively, they will show a diffuse evolution if they share the same molecular machinery and regulatory networks. We performed RNA-sequencing to characterise and compare transcriptomic changes involved in herbivory-induced defences and flower development, in tomato leaves and flowers, respectively. We found that both the herbivory-induced responses and flower development involved alterations in jasmonic acid signalling, suppression of primary metabolism and reprogramming of secondary metabolism. We identified 411 genes that were involved in both processes, a number significantly higher than expected by chance. Genetic manipulation of key regulators of induced defences also led to the expression changes in the same genes in both leaves and flowers. Targeted metabolomic analysis showed that among closely related tomato species, jasmonic acid and α-tomatine are correlated in flower buds and herbivory-induced leaves. These findings suggest that herbivory-induced responses and flower development share a common molecular machinery and likely have coevolved in nature.

scholarly journals Jasmonic Acid at the Crossroads of Plant Immunity and Pseudomonas syringae Virulence

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 7482
Author(s):  
Aarti Gupta ◽  
Mamta Bhardwaj ◽  
Lam-Son Phan Tran
Keyword(s):  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Plant Defense ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Plant Defense Responses ◽  
Callose Deposition

Sensing of pathogen infection by plants elicits early signals that are transduced to affect defense mechanisms, such as effective blockage of pathogen entry by regulation of stomatal closure, cuticle, or callose deposition, change in water potential, and resource acquisition among many others. Pathogens, on the other hand, interfere with plant physiology and protein functioning to counteract plant defense responses. In plants, hormonal homeostasis and signaling are tightly regulated; thus, the phytohormones are qualified as a major group of signaling molecules controlling the most widely tinkered regulatory networks of defense and counter-defense strategies. Notably, the phytohormone jasmonic acid mediates plant defense responses to a wide array of pathogens. In this review, we present the synopsis on the jasmonic acid metabolism and signaling, and the regulatory roles of this hormone in plant defense against the hemibiotrophic bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. We also elaborate on how this pathogen releases virulence factors and effectors to gain control over plant jasmonic acid signaling to effectively cause disease. The findings discussed in this review may lead to ideas for the development of crop cultivars with enhanced disease resistance by genetic manipulation.

scholarly journals Differentiation of Tracheary Elements in Sugarcane Suspension Cells Involves Changes in Secondary Wall Deposition and Extensive Transcriptional Reprogramming

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcella Siqueira Simões ◽  
Sávio Siqueira Ferreira ◽  
Adriana Grandis ◽  
Jorge Rencoret ◽  
Staffan Persson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Metabolism ◽  
Primary Metabolism ◽  
Tracheary Elements ◽  
Suspension Cells ◽  
Transcriptional Reprogramming

Plant lignocellulosic biomass, mostly composed of polysaccharide-rich secondary cell walls (SCWs), provides fermentable sugars that may be used to produce biofuels and biomaterials. However, the complex chemical composition and physical structure of SCWs hinder efficient processing of plant biomass. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying SCW deposition is, thus, essential to optimize bioenergy feedstocks. Here, we establish a xylogenic culture as a model system to study SCW deposition in sugarcane; the first of its kind in a C4 grass species. We used auxin and brassinolide to differentiate sugarcane suspension cells into tracheary elements, which showed metaxylem-like reticulate or pitted SCW patterning. The differentiation led to increased lignin levels, mainly caused by S-lignin units, and a rise in p-coumarate, leading to increased p-coumarate:ferulate ratios. RNAseq analysis revealed massive transcriptional reprogramming during differentiation, with upregulation of genes associated with cell wall biogenesis and phenylpropanoid metabolism and downregulation of genes related to cell division and primary metabolism. To better understand the differentiation process, we constructed regulatory networks of transcription factors and SCW-related genes based on co-expression analyses. Accordingly, we found multiple regulatory modules that may underpin SCW deposition in sugarcane. Our results provide important insights and resources to identify biotechnological strategies for sugarcane biomass optimization.

scholarly journals Cys2/His2 Zinc-Finger Proteins in Transcriptional Regulation of Flower Development

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianqi Lyu ◽  
Jiashu Cao
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Zinc Finger ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Zinc Finger Proteins ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Flowering Induction

Flower development is the core of higher-plant ontogenesis and is controlled by complex gene regulatory networks. Cys2/His2 zinc-finger proteins (C2H2-ZFPs) constitute one of the largest transcription factor families and are highly involved in transcriptional regulation of flowering induction, floral organ morphogenesis, and pollen and pistil maturation. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism of C2H2-ZFPs has been gradually revealed only in recent years. During flowering induction, C2H2-ZFPs can modify the chromatin of FLOWERING LOCUS C, thereby providing additional insights into the quantification of transcriptional regulation caused by chromatin regulation. C2H2-ZFPs are involved in cell division and proliferation in floral organ development and are associated with hormonal regulation, thereby revealing how a flower is partitioned into four developmentally distinct whorls. The studies reviewed in this work integrate the information from the endogenous, hormonal, and environmental regulation of flower development. The structure of C2H2-ZFPs determines their function as transcriptional regulators. The findings indicate that C2H2-ZFPs play a crucial role in flower development. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the structure, expression, and function of C2H2-ZFPs and discuss their molecular mechanism in flower development.

scholarly journals Co-expression clustering across flower development identifies modules for diverse floral forms in Achimenes (Gesneriaceae)

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wade R. Roberts ◽  
Eric H. Roalson
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Evolutionary Rates ◽  
Pollination Syndrome ◽  
Pollination Syndromes ◽  
Hummingbird Pollination

Background Genetic pathways involved with flower color and shape are thought to play an important role in the development of flowers associated with different pollination syndromes, such as those associated with bee, butterfly, or hummingbird pollination. Because pollination syndromes are complex traits that are orchestrated by multiple genes and pathways, the gene regulatory networks have not been explored. Gene co-expression networks provide a systems level approach to identify important contributors to floral diversification. Methods RNA-sequencing was used to assay gene expression across two stages of flower development (an early bud and an intermediate stage) in 10 species of Achimenes (Gesneriaceae). Two stage-specific co-expression networks were created from 9,503 orthologs and analyzed to identify module hubs and the network periphery. Module association with bee, butterfly, and hummingbird pollination syndromes was tested using phylogenetic mixed models. The relationship between network connectivity and evolutionary rates (dN/dS) was tested using linear models. Results Networks contained 65 and 62 modules that were largely preserved between developmental stages and contained few stage-specific modules. Over a third of the modules in both networks were associated with flower color, shape, and pollination syndrome. Within these modules, several hub nodes were identified that related to the production of anthocyanin and carotenoid pigments and the development of flower shape. Evolutionary rates were decreased in highly connected genes and elevated in peripheral genes. Discussion This study aids in the understanding of the genetic architecture and network properties underlying the development of floral form and provides valuable candidate modules and genes for future studies.

Direct and indirect resistance of sugarcane to Diatraea saccharalis induced by jasmonic acid

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (6) ◽  
pp. 828-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.A. Sanches ◽  
F. Santos ◽  
M.F.G.V. Peñaflor ◽  
J.M.S. Bento
Keyword(s):  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Plant Volatiles ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Host Finding ◽  
Specialist Herbivore ◽  
Sugarcane Borer ◽  
Diatraea Saccharalis ◽  
Induced Defences ◽  
Potential Strategy

AbstractTreating plants with synthetic jasmonic acid (JA) induces a defensive response similar to herbivore attack, and is a potential strategy for integrated pest management. Despite the importance of sugarcane, its JA-induced defences have not yet been studied. We investigated the effects of JA treatment on the direct and indirect resistance of sugarcane to the key-pest and specialist herbivore Diatraea saccharalis and the generalist Spodoptera frugiperda. Indirect defences were examined by testing the attraction of Cotesia flavipes, a sugarcane-borer parasitoid, to JA-induced volatile. The results showed that JA-treated sugarcane did not affect the weight gain of the two larvae. However, in dual-choice assays, both species preferred to feed on mock rather than JA-treated plants. Leaf colorimetric analyses showed that visual cues are unlikely to be involved in larval preference, whereas results from olfactometric assays revealed that D. saccharalis preferred JA-induced over mock plant volatiles. After 48 h of treatment, JA-treated plants emitted a volatile blend attractive to C. flavipes, comprised mainly of sesquiterpenes. However, the parasitoid did not discriminate JA-treated from host-damaged plant volatiles. When the wasps were given a choice between JA-treated and JA-treated + host-damaged plants, they preferred the latter, which emitted a more complex blend, suggesting that JA treatment likely does not hamper host-finding. We concluded that JA induces the emission of volatiles that are attractive to the sugarcane borer parasitoid, as well as an antixenosis type of resistance in sugarcane against the two pests, although neither volatiles nor visual cues alone are involved in the underlying mechanism.

scholarly journals Activation of the Jasmonic Acid Plant Defence Pathway Alters the Composition of Rhizosphere Bacterial Communities

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e56457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilia C. Carvalhais ◽  
Paul G. Dennis ◽  
Dayakar V. Badri ◽  
Gene W. Tyson ◽  
Jorge M. Vivanco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Acid Plant ◽  
Rhizosphere Bacterial Communities

scholarly journals Characterization of the F Locus Responsible for Floral Anthocyanin Production in Potato

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3871-3879
Author(s):  
F. Parker E. Laimbeer ◽  
Bastiaan O.R. Bargmann ◽  
Sarah H. Holt ◽  
Trenton Pratt ◽  
Brenda Peterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Myb Transcription Factor ◽  
Primary Metabolism ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Pollinator Attraction ◽  
Anthocyanin Production

Anthocyanins are pigmented secondary metabolites produced via the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway and play important roles in plant stress responses, pollinator attraction, and consumer preference. Using RNA-sequencing analysis of a cross between diploid potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) lines segregating for flower color, we identified a homolog of the ANTHOCYANIN 2 (AN2) gene family that encodes a MYB transcription factor, herein termed StFlAN2, as the regulator of anthocyanin production in potato corollas. Transgenic introduction of StFlAN2 in white-flowered homozygous doubled-monoploid plants resulted in a recovery of purple flowers. RNA-sequencing revealed the specific anthocyanin biosynthetic genes activated by StFlAN2 as well as expression differences in genes within pathways involved in fruit ripening, senescence, and primary metabolism. Closer examination of the locus using genomic sequence analysis revealed a duplication in the StFlAN2 locus closely associated with gene expression that is likely attributable to nearby genetic elements. Taken together, this research provides insight into the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in potato while also highlighting how the dynamic nature of the StFlAN2 locus may affect expression.

scholarly journals Rice stripe virus coat protein induces the accumulation of jasmonic acid, activating plant defence against the virus while also attracting its vector to feed

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1647-1653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelei Han ◽  
Haijian Huang ◽  
Hongying Zheng ◽  
Mengfei Ji ◽  
Quan Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coat Protein ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Rice Stripe Virus ◽  
Virus Coat Protein ◽  
Virus Coat

scholarly journals Salicylic Acid Binding Proteins (SABPs): The Hidden Forefront of Salicylic Acid Signalling

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 4377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Pokotylo ◽  
Volodymyr Kravets ◽  
Eric Ruelland
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathways ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Induced Responses ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Plant Life ◽  
Molecular Machinery ◽  
Cell Redox Status

Salicylic acid (SA) is a phytohormone that plays important roles in many aspects of plant life, notably in plant defenses against pathogens. Key mechanisms of SA signal transduction pathways have now been uncovered. Even though details are still missing, we understand how SA production is regulated and which molecular machinery is implicated in the control of downstream transcriptional responses. The NPR1 pathway has been described to play the main role in SA transduction. However, the mode of SA perception is unclear. NPR1 protein has been shown to bind SA. Nevertheless, NPR1 action requires upstream regulatory events (such as a change in cell redox status). Besides, a number of SA-induced responses are independent from NPR1. This shows that there is more than one way for plants to perceive SA. Indeed, multiple SA-binding proteins of contrasting structures and functions have now been identified. Yet, all of these proteins can be considered as candidate SA receptors and might have a role in multinodal (decentralized) SA input. This phenomenon is unprecedented for other plant hormones and is a point of discussion of this review.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document