scholarly journals A Comparative Metabolomic Analysis Reveals Difference Manufacture Suitability in “Yinghong 9” and “Huangyu” Teas (Camellia sinensis)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Mei ◽  
Chuyuan Lin ◽  
Shihua Wan ◽  
Baoyi Chen ◽  
Hualing Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Targeted Metabolomics ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
Golden Yellow ◽  
High Amino Acid ◽  
Widely Targeted Metabolomics ◽  
Carotenoid Degradation

“Yinghong 9” is a widely cultivated large-leaf variety in South China, and the black tea made from it has a high aroma and strong sweet flavor. “Huangyu” is a light-sensitive tea variety with yellow leaves. It was cultivated from the bud-mutation of “Yinghong 9” and has a very low level of chlorophyll during young shoot development. Due to chlorophyll being involved in carbon fixation and assimilation, the changes in photosynthesis might potentially affect the accumulation of flavor metabolites, as well as the quality of “Huangyu” tea. Although “Huangyu” has a golden yellow color and high amino acid content, the mechanism underlying the formation of leaf color and drinking value remains unclear. The widely targeted metabolomics and GC-MS analysis were performed to reveal the differences of key metabolites in fresh and fermented leaves between “Yinghong 9” and “Huangyu.” The results showed that tea polyphenols, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids were more abundant in “Yinghong 9.” Targeted metabolomics analysis indicated that kaempferol-3-glycoside was more abundant in “Yinghong 9,” while “Huangyu” had a higher ratio of kaempferol-3-glucoside to kaempferol-3-galactoside. Compared with “Yinghong 9” fresh leaves, the contents of zeaxanthin and zeaxanthin palmitate were significantly higher in “Huangyu.” The contents of α-farnesene, β-cyclocitral, nerolidol, and trans-geranylacetone, which were from carotenoid degradation and involved in flowery-fruity-like flavor in “Huangyu” fermented leaves, were higher than those of “Yinghong 9.” Our results indicated that “Huangyu” was suitable for manufacturing non-fermented tea because of its yellow leaf and flowery-fruity-like compounds from carotenoid degradation.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of tuberous root metabolites between cultivated and wild varieties of Rehmannia glutinosa by widely targeted metabolomics

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanqing Zhou ◽  
Luying Shao ◽  
Jialin Zhu ◽  
Huimin Li ◽  
Hongying Duan
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Rehmannia Glutinosa ◽  
Targeted Metabolomics ◽  
Kegg Pathways ◽  
Tuberous Roots ◽  
Comprehensive Development ◽  
Widely Targeted Metabolomics ◽  
Development And Utilization ◽  
Wild Variety

AbstractDifferential metabolites between tuberous roots from cultivated variety (ZP) and wild variety (YS) of Rehmannia glutinosa were analyzed by widely targeted metabolomics, and annotated to KEGG pathways. 228 secondary metabolites (SM) in ZP and YS were detected, of which 58 were differential metabolites (DM), including 41 flavonoids, 10 phenolic acids, 3 terpenoids, 2 alkaloids and 2 others, and 170 were unchanged; Among 58 DMs, 44 (75.9%) were up-regulated in YS, of which 30 were unique to YS, while 14 (24.1%) were down-regulated in YS, of which 10 were unique to ZP; Among flavonoids, 33 (80.5%) were more highly expressed in YS than in ZP; Among phenolic acids, 7 (70%) were more highly expressed in YS than in ZP; 12 of 58 DMs were annotated into 17 types of KEGG pathways. Among them, benzoic acid and p-Coumaryl alcohol were up-regulated in YS, and annotated into 10 pathways (58.8%) and 4 pathways (23.5%), respectively. In addition, much of DMs possess various pharmacological effects. These results indicated better quality of YS than ZP and the necessity of YS domestication. Taken together, this study will provide a reference for the scientific introduction, comprehensive development and utilization of wild Rehmannia glutinosa.

scholarly journals Multivariate analysis to characterize flaxseed production environments in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (6supl2) ◽  
pp. 3685-3706
Author(s):  
Carla Eloize Carducci ◽  
◽  
Leosane Cristina Bosco ◽  
Vanderleia Schoeninger ◽  
Fábio Satoshi Higashikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Charge Balance ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
South Central ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
Golden Yellow ◽  
Tillage System

The environments for flaxseed production and its soil-plant-atmosphere relationship, it is essential for distinguish and adapt them to the soil and crop management to obtain high sustainable yields and food diversification. Our goal was to characterize the main edaphoclimatic conditions for flaxseed production in South-Central, Brazil. The experiments were carried out in two locations representative of the edaphoclimatic conditions of South-Central, Brazil: 1 - Dourados, MS, with an Aw climate and LATOSSOLO VERMELHO Distroférrico (Haplustox) and 2 - Curitibanos, SC, with a Cfb climate and CAMBISSOLO HÚMICO (Haplumbrept), both cultivated with four flaxseed varieties: Aguará and Caburé from Argentina, UFSC (reddish-brown color) and Golden (golden-yellow color) from Brazil, grown under no-tillage system and few resources. Data from weather (air temperature and rainfall), plant growth, soil chemical and physical-hydric attributes, and post-harvest quality of flaxseed were monitored. The data were submitted to Pearson’s correlation matrix (P < 0.05) and multivariate principal component analysis (PCA). PCA segregated edaphoclimatic environments and varieties into four distinct groups. Each edaphoclimatic condition there was specific attributes discriminated by PCA ( > 78%). The lowest plant height ( < 0.85m), shorter cycle length (120-142 days) and high yield (≈1.13 Mg ha-1), especially golden-yellow flaxseed, were found in Dourados. The soil organic carbon and rainfall acted directly in Curitibanos, while charge balance and air temperature responded in Dourados influence flaxseed production. Soil physical and grain attributes were similar between the environments investigated. Both agricultural environments showed feasibility for flaxseed sustainable production in Brazil, it is important to emphasize that these results are pioneers, especially the edaphoclimatic conditions from Dourados.

Investigate of the Ability of Cronobacter sakazakii Isolated from Clinical Samples of Children Under Two Years to Induce Swimming, Swarming and Biofilm

2018 ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Luma Abdal Hady Zwein ◽  
Tharieyt Abdulrahman Motlag ◽  
Mohamed Mousa
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Cronobacter Sakazakii ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
Golden Yellow ◽  
Vitek 2 ◽  
Biochemical Examination

      The study included 200 samples were collected   from   children  under two   years included (50 samples from each of Cerebrospinal fluid, Blood, Stool and Urine) from, Central Children Hospital and Children's Protections Educational Hospital. Isolates bacterial were obtained cultural, microscopic and biochemical examination and diagnosed to the species by using vitek2 system. The results showed there were contamination in 6.5% of clinical samples. The diagnosed colonies which gave pink color on the MacConkey agar , golden yellow color on the Trypton Soy agar and green color on the Birillent Enterobacter sakazakii agar and gave  a probability of 99% in the vitek 2 and were identified as Cronobacter sakazakii. The identification revealed of thirteen isolates: 6(46.16%) isolated from Cerebrospinal fluid samples, 7(53.84%) isolated from blood samples and not isolated bacteria from stool and urine samples. The results of the investigation of some virulence factors showed that all bacteria isolates were able to swimming with a diameter ranging (1-9 mm) and swarming with a diameter ranging (1-40 mm) and their  ability to biofilm formation  by using three methods. The results show the ability  of  isolates to form biofilm by using  Congo red media  methods where it is 12 (92.30 %) out of 13 isolated bacteria belonging to C. sakazakii  able to form biofilm on the Congo red media  which is 3 (23.07%) were  strong production  biofilm ,   8 (61.53%)  were intermediate  production  biofilm and  1 (7.69% ) were weak  biofilm formation , while the 1 (7.69%)  unable to form biofilm.  Tubes method were all isolates were able to form biofilm, it were found that 3 (23.07%)  isolates strong, and 8 (61.53%) intermediate  and 2( 15.38%)  weak biofilm formation. Microtiter plate method  gave 5 (38.46 %) isolates strong, 6 (46.15%) intermediate and 1 (7.69%) weak biofilm formation.  

Targeted and nontargeted metabolomics analysis for determining the effect of storage time on the metabolites and taste quality of keemun black tea

2021 ◽  
Vol 359 ◽  
pp. 129950
Author(s):  
Ai Huang ◽  
Zongde Jiang ◽  
Meng Tao ◽  
Mingchun Wen ◽  
Zhipeng Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storage Time ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Taste Quality ◽  
Metabolomics Analysis

CPVA: a web-based metabolomic tool for chromatographic peak visualization and annotation

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 3913-3915
Author(s):  
Hemi Luan ◽  
Xingen Jiang ◽  
Fenfen Ji ◽  
Zhangzhang Lan ◽  
Zongwei Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
False Positive ◽  
Supplementary Information ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Targeted Metabolomics ◽  
Metabolomics Data ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Tremendous Amount ◽  
Chromatographic Peaks ◽  
User Friendly

Abstract Motivation Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry-based non-targeted metabolomics is routinely performed to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze a tremendous amount of metabolite signals in complex biological samples. However, false-positive peaks in the datasets are commonly detected as metabolite signals by using many popular software, resulting in non-reliable measurement. Results To reduce false-positive calling, we developed an interactive web tool, termed CPVA, for visualization and accurate annotation of the detected peaks in non-targeted metabolomics data. We used a chromatogram-centric strategy to unfold the characteristics of chromatographic peaks through visualization of peak morphology metrics, with additional functions to annotate adducts, isotopes and contaminants. CPVA is a free, user-friendly tool to help users to identify peak background noises and contaminants, resulting in decrease of false-positive or redundant peak calling, thereby improving the data quality of non-targeted metabolomics studies. Availability and implementation The CPVA is freely available at http://cpva.eastus.cloudapp.azure.com. Source code and installation instructions are available on GitHub: https://github.com/13479776/cpva. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

scholarly journals Extensive Metabolite Profiling in the Unexploited Organs of Black Tiger for Their Potential Valorization in the Pharmaceutical Industry

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 544
Author(s):  
Jianfei Gao ◽  
Kangning Xiong ◽  
Wei Zhou ◽  
Weijie Li
Keyword(s):  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Metabolite Profile ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Targeted Metabolomics ◽  
Arginine Biosynthesis ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Tyrosine Metabolism ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Widely Targeted Metabolomics

Black tiger (Kadsura coccinea (Lem.)) has been reported to hold enormous pharmaceutical potential. The fruit and rhizome of black tiger are highly exploited in the pharmaceutical and other industries. However, the most important organs from the plant such as the leaf and stem are considered biowastes mainly because a comprehensive metabolite profile has not been reported in these organs. Knowledge of the metabolic landscape of the unexploited black tiger organs could help identify and isolate important compounds with pharmaceutical and nutritional values for a better valorization of the species. In this study, we used a widely targeted metabolomics approach to profile the metabolomes of the K. coccinea leaf (KL) and stem (KS) and compared them with the root (KR). We identified 642, 650 and 619 diverse metabolites in KL, KS and KR, respectively. A total of 555 metabolites were mutually detected among the three organs, indicating that the leaf and stem organs may also hold potential for medicinal, nutritional and industrial applications. Most of the differentially accumulated metabolites between organs were enriched in flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, arginine and proline metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, tyrosine metabolism and 2-oxocarboxylic acid metabolism pathways. In addition, several important organ-specific metabolites were detected in K. coccinea. In conclusion, we provide extensive metabolic information to stimulate black tiger leaf and stem valorization in human healthcare and food.

scholarly journals The effect of dietary protein on reproduction in the mare. VI. Serum progestagen concentrations during pregnancy

1998 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
F.E. Van Niekerk ◽  
C.H. Van Niekerk
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Sharp Decline ◽  
High Quality Protein ◽  
Essential Amino Acid Content

Sixty-four Thoroughbred and Anglo-Arab mares aged 6-12 years were used, of which 40 were non-lactating and 24 lactating. Foals from these 24 mares were weaned at the age of 6 months. Non-lactating and lactating mares were divided into 4 dietary groups each. The total daily protein intake and the protein quality (essential amino-acid content) differed in the 4 groups of non-lactating and 4 groups of lactating mares. The mares were covered and the effect of the quantity and quality of dietary protein on serum progestagen concentrations during pregnancy was studied. A sharp decline in serum progestagen concentrations was recorded in all dietary groups from Days 18 to 40 of pregnancy, with some individual mares reaching values of less than 4 ng/mℓ. Serum progestagen concentrations recorded in some of the non-lactating mares on the low-quality protein diet increased to higher values (p<0.05) than those of mares in the other 3 dietary groups at 35-140 days of pregnancy. A similar trend was observed for the lactating mares on a low-quality protein diet at 30-84 days of pregnancy. No such trends were observed in any of the other dietary groups. High-quality protein supplementation increased serum progestagen concentrations during the 1st 30 days of pregnancy. Lactation depressed serum progestagen concentrations until after the foals were weaned.

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