Systematic Analysis of the R2R3-MYB Family in Camellia sinensis: Evidence for Galloylated Catechins Biosynthesis Regulation

The R2R3-MYB transcription factor (TF) family regulates metabolism of phenylpropanoids in various plant lineages. Species-expanded or specific MYB TFs may regulate species-specific metabolite biosynthesis including phenylpropanoid-derived bioactive products. Camellia sinensis produces an abundance of specialized metabolites, which makes it an excellent model for digging into the genetic regulation of plant-specific metabolite biosynthesis. The most abundant health-promoting metabolites in tea are galloylated catechins, and the most bioactive of the galloylated catechins, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), is specifically relative abundant in C. sinensis. However, the transcriptional regulation of galloylated catechin biosynthesis remains elusive. This study mined the R2R3-MYB TFs associated with galloylated catechin biosynthesis in C. sinensis. A total of 118 R2R3-MYB proteins, classified into 38 subgroups, were identified. R2R3-MYB subgroups specific to or expanded in C. sinensis were hypothesized to be essential to evolutionary diversification of tea-specialized metabolites. Notably, nine of these R2R3-MYB genes were expressed preferentially in apical buds (ABs) and young leaves, exactly where galloylated catechins accumulate. Three putative R2R3-MYB genes displayed strong correlation with key galloylated catechin biosynthesis genes, suggesting a role in regulating biosynthesis of epicatechin gallate (ECG) and EGCG. Overall, this study paves the way to reveal the transcriptional regulation of galloylated catechins in C. sinensis.

Download Full-text

Systematic analysis of the R2R3-MYB family of transcription factors in Camellia sinensis: evidence for species-specific catechin biosynthesis regulation

10.1101/2021.07.21.453189 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jingyi Li ◽

Shaoqun Liu ◽

Peifen Chen ◽

Jiarong Cai ◽

Song Tang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transcriptional Regulation ◽

Transcription Factors ◽

Camellia Sinensis ◽

Myb Transcription Factor ◽

Myb Transcription Factors ◽

Evolutionary Diversification ◽

Health Promoting ◽

Myb Genes ◽

Species Specific ◽

R2r3 Myb

Tea from Camellia sinensis is one of the most popular beverages worldwide, lauded for its charming flavors and health-promoting properties. C. sinensis produces an abundance of specialized metabolites, which makes it an excellent model for digging into the genetic regulation of plant-specific metabolite biosynthesis. The most abundant health-promoting metabolites in tea are galloylated catechins, and the most bioactive of the galloylated catechins, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), is exclusively found in C. sinensis. The R2R3-MYB transcription factor family regulates metabolism of phenylpropanoids, the precursors to catechins, in various plant lineages. However, the transcriptional regulation of galloylated catechin biosynthesis remains elusive. Species-expanded or specific MYB transcription factors may regulate species-specific metabolite biosynthesis. This study mined the R2R3-MYB transcription factors associated with galloylated catechin biosynthesis in C. sinensis. A total of 118 R2R3-MYB proteins, classified into 38 subgroups, were identified. R2R3-MYB subgroups specific to or expanded in C. sinensis were hypothesized to be essential to evolutionary diversification of tea-specific metabolites. Notably, nine of these R2R3-MYB genes were expressed preferentially in apical buds and young leaves, exactly where galloylated catechins accumulate. Three putative R2R3-MYB genes displayed strong correlation with key galloylated catechin biosynthesis genes, suggesting a role in regulating biosynthesis of epicatechin gallate (ECG) and EGCG. Overall, this study paves the way to reveal the transcriptional regulation of galloylated catechins in C. sinensis.

Download Full-text

Versatile Health Benefits of Catechin from Green Tea (Camellia sinensis)

Current Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.2174/1573401313666171003150503 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 3-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Satheesh Babu Natarajan ◽

Suriyakala Perumal Chandran ◽

Sahar Husain Khan ◽

Packiyaraj Natarajan ◽

Karthiyaraj Rengarajan

Keyword(s):

Green Tea ◽

Camellia Sinensis ◽

Health Benefits ◽

Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Major Constituent ◽

Epicatechin Gallate ◽

Wide Range ◽

Green Tea Catechin ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Background: Tea (Camellia sinensis, Theaceae) is the second most consumed beverage in the world. Green tea is the least processed and thus contain rich antioxidant level, and believed to have most of the health benefits. Methods: We commenced to search bibliographic collection of peer reviewed research articles and review articles to meet the objective of this study. Results: From this study, we found that the tea beverage contains catechins are believed to have a wide range of health benefits which includes neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, antiviral, antibacterial, and anti-parasitic effects. The four major catechin compounds of green tea are epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and epicatechin gallate (ECG), of which EGCG is the major constituent and representing 50-80% of the total catechin content. And also contain xanthine derivatives such as caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine, and the glutamide derivative theanine. It also contains many nutritional components, such as vitamin E, vitamin C, fluoride, and potassium. We sum up the various green tea phytoconstituents, extraction methods, and its medicinal applications. Conclusion: In this review article, we have summarized the pharmacological importance of green tea catechin which includes antioxidant potential, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, antidiabetic and cosmetic application.

Download Full-text

Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi Activity of Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) Catechins

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.48.1.69-74.2004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 69-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

Cristina Paveto ◽

María C. Güida ◽

Mónica I. Esteva ◽

Virginia Martino ◽

Jorge Coussio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽

Green Tea ◽

Camellia Sinensis ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Arginine Kinase ◽

Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽

Array Detector ◽

Epicatechin Gallate ◽

Active Compounds ◽

Gallocatechin Gallate

ABSTRACT The trypanocidal action of green tea catechins against two different developmental stages of Trypanosoma cruzi is reported for the first time. This activity was assayed with the nonproliferative bloodstream trypomastigote and with the intracellular replicative amastigote parasite forms. An ethyl acetate fraction from Camellia sinensis green tea leaves, which contains most of the polyphenolic compounds and the maximal trypanocidal activity, was obtained by fractionation of the aqueous extract with organic solvents. The active compounds present in this extract were further purified by LH-20 column chromatography and were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis with a photo diode array detector and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectroscopy. The following flavan-3-ols derivatives, known as catechins, were identified: catechin, epicatechin, gallocatechin, epigallocatechin, catechin gallate, epicatechin gallate, gallocatechin gallate, and epigallocatechin gallate. The purified compounds lysed more than 50% of the parasites present in the blood of infected BALB/c mice at concentrations as low as 0.12 to 85 pM. The most active compounds were gallocatechin gallate and epigallocatechin gallate, with minimal bactericidal concentrations that inhibited 50% of isolates tested of 0.12 and 0.53 pM, respectively. The number of amastigotes in infected Vero cells decreased by 50% in the presence of each of these compounds at 100 nM. The effects of the catechins on the recombinant T. cruzi arginine kinase, a key enzyme in the energy metabolism of the parasite, were assayed. The activity of this enzyme was inhibited by about 50% by nanomolar concentrations of catechin gallate or gallocatechin gallate, whereas the other members of the group were less effective. On the basis of these results, we suggest that these compounds could be used to sterilize blood and, eventually, as therapeutic agents for Chagas' disease.

Download Full-text

Purple foliage coloration in tea (Camellia sinensis L.) arises from activation of the R2R3-MYB transcription factor CsAN1

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/srep32534 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Binmei Sun ◽

Zhangsheng Zhu ◽

Panrong Cao ◽

Hao Chen ◽

Changming Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transcription Factor ◽

Camellia Sinensis ◽

Myb Transcription Factor ◽

R2r3 Myb

Download Full-text

Volatile profiles and antioxidant activity of different cultivars of Camellia sinensis var. assamica grown in Thailand

Food Research ◽

10.26656/fr.2017.5(2).581 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 354-362

Author(s):

S. Khruengsai ◽

T. Sripacho ◽

P. Pripdeevech

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Volatile Compounds ◽

Camellia Sinensis ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Epicatechin Gallate ◽

Potential Health ◽

Linalool Oxide ◽

Assam Tea

Tea is considered as the most consumed drink in the world containing high antioxidant capacity. In this study, the volatile compounds, the phenolic content, catechins and caffeine including antioxidant activities of 22 Camellia sinensis var. assamica (Assam tea) cultivars were investigated. The volatile compounds were investigated by GC-MS. At least forty-five volatile compounds representing 94.99-99.65% of all cultivars were identified. Limonene, trans-linalool oxide, cis-linalool oxide, linalool, and furfural were detected as the major components among these cultivars. Varied ranges were found in all Assam tea cultivars for the contents of phenolics (113.45-245.55 mg gallic acid/g dry weight), total catechins (170.03-355.59 mg/g dry weight), caffeine (0.92-3.40 mg/g dry weight), and antioxidant activities (1418.68-2728.46 µmol Trolox/g dry weight and 1448.98-2864.17 µmol Trolox/g dry weight for DPPH and ABTS assay, respectively). The antioxidant activity was correlated with phenolic compounds such as epigallocatechin gallate, epicatechin gallate, and catechin gallate. The specific differences among Assam tea cultivars are dependent on the tea cultivar and altitude which may play a significant role in breeding Assam tea cultivars in Thailand for providing its potential health benefits.

Download Full-text

Comparison of catechin profiles in human plasma and urine after single dosing and regular intake of green tea (Camellia sinensis)

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114512004370 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 109 (12) ◽

pp. 2199-2207 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Shing-Tack Fung ◽

Cyrus K. Ho ◽

Siu-Wai Choi ◽

Wai-Yuen Chung ◽

Iris F. F. Benzie

Keyword(s):

Green Tea ◽

Camellia Sinensis ◽

Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽

Free Form ◽

Epicatechin Gallate ◽

Fasting Plasma ◽

Blood And Urine Samples ◽

High Level ◽

Single Dosing ◽

Regular Intake

Green tea (Camellia sinensis) catechin profiles in plasma and urine following single dosing and regular ingestion of green tea are not clear. We performed a placebo-controlled intervention study with sixteen healthy volunteers to determine changes in total and free catechins after a single dose and following 1 week of twice-daily green tea. Blood and urine samples were collected before (fasting) and after (60 and 120 min for blood; 90 and 180 min for urine) drinking 200 ml of 1·5 % (w/v) green tea or water (n 8 each), and fasting samples were again collected after 7 d of 150 ml of 1 % (w/v) supplemental green tea or water twice daily. After a 4-week washout, subjects were crossed onto the other treatment and procedures repeated. Plasma results at 1 h post-ingestion showed elevated (P< 0·05) mean epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG; 310 (sd 117) nmol/l; all in free form), epigallocatechin (EGC; 192 (sd 67) nmol/l; 30 % free) and epicatechin gallate (ECG; 134 (sd 51) nmol/l; 75 % free). Fasting plasma after 7 d of regular intake showed increased (P< 0·05) EGCG (80 v. 15 nmol/l at baseline) and ECG (120 v. 40 nmol/l), with ≥ 90 % of both in their conjugated forms. Total EGC was < 10 nmol/l. Post-ingestion conjugation and renal loss of EGC and epicatechin were rapid and high, but were negligible for EGCG and ECG. In the green tea consumed, the content was EGCG >EGC >ECG, and the acute plasma response mirrored this. However, after chronic consumption there was almost no EGC found in fasting plasma, some EGCG was present, but a rather high level of ECG was maintained.

Download Full-text

Characterization of the R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor CsMYB113 Regulates Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Tea Plants (Camellia Sinensis)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-527304/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Liuyuan Shui ◽

Meilin Yan ◽

Hui Li ◽

Pu Wang ◽

Hua Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Camellia Sinensis ◽

Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽

Tea Plant ◽

Myb Transcription Factor ◽

Germplasm Resources ◽

Characteristic Variety ◽

History Of ◽

Tea Plants ◽

R2r3 Myb

Abstract Tea plant(Camellia sinensis) has very long history of cultivation and abundant germplasm resources in China. Purple bud is a characteristic variety, which has attracted the attention of breeding researchers because it accumulated a large number of anthocyanins naturally. In many species, R2R3-MYBtranscription factors (TFs)wereprovedto be involved in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis.Research on anthocyanin metabolism has been relatively clear in some species, but that needs to be further elucidated in tea plants. In this research, anR2R3-MYB transcriptionfactor CsMYB113 relate to the anthocyanin accumulation regulation was identified from tea plants. Spatial and temporal expressionanalysis revealed differential expression of CsMYB113among different tissues and organs, with highest expression occurringin the roots.Subcellular localization assays showed that CsMYB113 localizedin the nucleus.Ectopic expression of CsMYB113increased pigmentation and anthocyanin contentsby the up-regulationof theexpression levelsof genes in anthocyanin biosynthesis pathwayamongdifferent tissues of Arabidopsis.Moreover, transient overexpressionof 35S::CsMYB113in tea plant increased the anthocyanin contents in the leaves.Our results indicated that CsMYB113 play important role in the anthocyaninbiosynthesis regulation in tea plants. It will also provide useful candidate gene for the modification of anthocyanin metabolism by genetic engineeringin plants.

Download Full-text

R2R3-MYB transcription factor family in tea plant (Camellia sinensis): Genome-wide characterization, phylogeny, chromosome location, structure and expression patterns

Genomics ◽

10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.03.033 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 113 (3) ◽

pp. 1565-1578

Author(s):

Xuejin Chen ◽

Pengjie Wang ◽

Mengya Gu ◽

Xinying Lin ◽

Binghao Hou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transcription Factor ◽

Camellia Sinensis ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Tea Plant ◽

Myb Transcription Factor ◽

Chromosome Location ◽

Transcription Factor Family ◽

Genome Wide ◽

R2r3 Myb

Download Full-text

Systematic Analysis of MYB Family Genes in Potato and Their Multiple Roles in Development and Stress Responses

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom9080317 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 317 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Xiaoxu Li ◽

Cun Guo ◽

Salman Ahmad ◽

Qi Wang ◽

Jing Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stress Responses ◽

Genetic Manipulation ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Large Family ◽

Myb Transcription Factor ◽

Protein Motif ◽

Systematic Analysis ◽

Potato Genome ◽

Duplication Events ◽

R2r3 Myb

The MYB proteins represent a large family of transcription factors and play important roles in development, senescence, and stress responses in plants. In the current study, 233 MYB transcription factor-encoding genes were identified and analyzed in the potato genome, including 119 R1-MYB, 112 R2R3-MYB, and two R1R2R3-MYB members. R2R3-MYB is the most abundant MYB subclass and potato R2R3-MYB members together with their Arabidopsis homologs were divided into 35 well-supported subgroups as the result of phylogenetic analyses. Analyses on gene structure and protein motif revealed that members from the same subgroup shared similar exon/intron and motif organization, further supporting the results of phylogenetic analyses. Evolution of the potato MYB family was studied via syntenic analysis. Forty-one pairs of StMYB genes were predicted to have arisen from tandem or segmental duplication events, which played important roles in the expansion of the StMYB family. Expression profiling revealed that the StMYB genes were expressed in various tissues and several StMYB genes were identified to be induced by different stress conditions. Notably, StMYB030 was found to act as the homolog of AtMYB44 and was significantly up-regulated by salt and drought stress treatments. Furthermore, overexpression of StMYB030 in Arabidopsis enhanced salt stress tolerance of transgenic plants. The results from this study provided information for further functional analysis and for crop improvements through genetic manipulation of these StMYB genes.

Download Full-text