scholarly journals Legume Breeding for the Agroecological Transition of Global Agri-Food Systems: A European Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Rubiales ◽  
Paolo Annicchiarico ◽  
Maria Carlota Vaz Patto ◽  
Bernadette Julier
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Institutional Context ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Selection Procedures ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Agroecological Transition

Wider and more profitable legume crop cultivation is an indispensable step for the agroecological transition of global agri-food systems but represents a challenge especially in Europe. Plant breeding is pivotal in this context. Research areas of key interest are represented by innovative phenotypic and genome-based selection procedures for crop yield, tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses enhanced by the changing climate, intercropping, and emerging crop quality traits. We see outmost priority in the exploration of genomic selection (GS) opportunities and limitations, to ease genetic gains and to limit the costs of multi-trait selection. Reducing the profitability gap of legumes relative to major cereals will not be possible in Europe without public funding devoted to crop improvement research, pre-breeding, and, in various circumstances, public breeding. While most of these activities may profit of significant public-private partnerships, all of them can provide substantial benefits to seed companies. A favorable institutional context may comprise some changes to variety registration tests and procedures.

scholarly journals Pigeonpea composite collection and identification of germplasm for use in crop improvement programmes

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 97-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Upadhyaya ◽  
K. N. Reddy ◽  
Shivali Sharma ◽  
R. K. Varshney ◽  
R. Bhattacharjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Mini Core Collection ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Simple Sequence ◽  
High Seed Yield

Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan(L.) Millsp. is one of the most important legume crops as major source for proteins, minerals and vitamins, in addition to its multiple uses as food, feed, fuel, soil enricher, or soil binder, and in fencing, roofing and basket making. ICRISAT's genebank conserves 13,632 accessions of pigeonpea. The extensive use of few parents in crop improvement is contrary to the purpose of collecting a large number of germplasm accessions and has resulted in a narrow base of cultivars. ICRISAT, in collaboration with the Generation Challenge Program, has developed a composite collection of pigeonpea consisting of 1000 accessions representing the diversity of the entire germplasm collection. This included 146 accessions of mini core collection and other materials. Genotyping of the composite collection using 20 microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers separated wild and cultivated types in two broad groups. A reference set comprising 300 most diverse accessions has been selected based on SSR genotyping data. Phenotyping of the composite collection for 16 quantitative and 16 qualitative traits resulted in the identification of promising diverse accessions for the four important agronomic traits: early flowering (96 accessions), high number of pods (28), high 100-seed weight (88) and high seed yield/plant (49). These accessions hold potential for their utilization in pigeonpea breeding programmes to develop improved cultivars with a broad genetic base. Pigeonpea germplasm has provided sources of resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses and cytoplasmic-male sterility for utilization in breeding programmes.

scholarly journals Legume biology: the basis for crop improvement

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. v ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeev K. Varshney ◽  
Himabindu Kudapa
Keyword(s):  
Target Genes ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Precise Understanding

Legumes represent the most valued food sources in agriculture after cereals. Despite the advances made in breeding food legumes, there is a need to develop and further improve legume productivity to meet increasing food demand worldwide. Several biotic and abiotic stresses affect legume crop productivity throughout the world. The study of legume genetics, genomics and biology are all important in order to understand the limitations of yield of legume crops and to support our legume breeding programs. With the advent of huge genomic resources and modern technologies, legume research can be directed towards precise understanding of the target genes responsible for controlling important traits for yield potential, and for resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses. Programmed and systematic research will lead to developing high yielding, stress tolerant and early maturing varieties. This issue of Functional Plant Biology is dedicated to ‘Legume Biology’ research covering part of the work presented at VI International Conference on Legume Genetics and Genomics held at Hyderabad, India, in 2012. The 13 contributions cover recent advances in legume research in the context of plant architecture and trait mapping, functional genomics, biotic stress and abiotic stress.

scholarly journals QTL Study to Reveal Soybean Response on Abiotic and Biotic Stresses

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Puji Lestari ◽  
Sutrisno Sutrisno ◽  
I Made Tasma
Keyword(s):  
Biotic Stress ◽  
Genetic Resource ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Marker Assisted Breeding ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Glycine Max L

<p>As an important grain legume, the improved soybean<br />(Glycine max [L.] Merr.) adaptive to environmental changes<br />is a valuable genetic resource. Strategy to minimize the<br />impact of climate effects should be underlined on soybean<br />production encompassing advanced genomics and well<br />predicted future climate. Crops including soybean respond<br />to climate change in the aspect of abiotic and biotic<br />environmental factors. To predict soybean response to<br />abiotic and biotic stresses, current progress of quantitative<br />trait loci (QTL) for abiotic and biotic stresses and flowering<br />and related genomic resources could be accessed at<br />SoyBase (http://www.soybase.org) and Phytozome<br />(http://www.phytozome.net). As the involvement of abiotic<br />and biotic stresses modulating flowering in soybean, genes<br />linked to QTL for abiotic/biotic stress and flowering/maturity<br />were also potential for resisting the environmental changes.<br />By mapping QTLs for flowering using one population in<br />different locations (Korea and China) with distinctive<br />longitude, latitude, and altitude, syntenic correlation<br />between these two QTLs on soybean chromosomes 6 and<br />13 indicates the environmental specific role of syntenic<br />regions. The information on QTL and related candidate<br />genes may assist marker-assisted breeding and enact<br />soybean as a model of adaptive legume crop under abiotic/<br />biotic stress.</p>

Genome evolution of wild cereal diversity and prospects for crop improvement

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eviatar Nevo
Keyword(s):  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Triticum Dicoccoides ◽  
Hordeum Spontaneum ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Wild Cereals

Genomic and proteomic diversity provide the basis of evolutionary change by natural selection under abiotic and biotic stresses, and the human-driven evolutionary process of domestication by artificial selection. Described here are some of the regional and local genomic and proteomic long-term multidisciplinary studies conducted at the Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Israel, during 1975–2005 (see publications at http://evolution.haifa.ac.il), involving both wild barley, Hordeum spontaneum, the progenitor of cultivated barley and wild emmer sheat, Triticum dicoccoides, the progenitor of modern tetraploid and hexaploid cultivated wheat. Wild cereals harbour large amounts of as yet untapped adaptive genetic resources for crop improvement (resistances against abiotic and biotic stresses, micronutrient metal deficiencies, storage proteins, amylases and photosynthetic yield, among others). The adaptive genomic diversity of wild cereals, including cryptic beneficial alleles at specific quantitative trait loci of T. dicoccoides and H. spontaneum is the best genomic resource to be conserved in situ and ex situ for utilization by classical and modern biotechnologies, to enrich the genetically impoverished and stress-vulnerable food cultivars, advance crop improvement, and thereby increase and optimize world food production in a second genetic green revolution.

scholarly journals Circadian Clock Components Offer Targets for Crop Domestication and Improvement

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 374
Author(s):  
C. Robertson McClung
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Plant Domestication ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Photoperiodic Flowering ◽  
Circadian Clock Genes

During plant domestication and improvement, farmers select for alleles present in wild species that improve performance in new selective environments associated with cultivation and use. The selected alleles become enriched and other alleles depleted in elite cultivars. One important aspect of crop improvement is expansion of the geographic area suitable for cultivation; this frequently includes growth at higher or lower latitudes, requiring the plant to adapt to novel photoperiodic environments. Many crops exhibit photoperiodic control of flowering and altered photoperiodic sensitivity is commonly required for optimal performance at novel latitudes. Alleles of a number of circadian clock genes have been selected for their effects on photoperiodic flowering in multiple crops. The circadian clock coordinates many additional aspects of plant growth, metabolism and physiology, including responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Many of these clock-regulated processes contribute to plant performance. Examples of selection for altered clock function in tomato demonstrate that with domestication, the phasing of the clock is delayed with respect to the light–dark cycle and the period is lengthened; this modified clock is associated with increased chlorophyll content in long days. These and other data suggest the circadian clock is an attractive target during breeding for crop improvement.

Identification of Plant Protein Kinases in Response to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses Using SuperSAGE

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 643-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ederson Akio Kido ◽  
Pedranne Kelle de Araujo Barbosa ◽  
Jose Ribamar Costa Ferreira Neto ◽  
Valesca Pandolfi ◽  
Laureen Michelle Houllou-Kido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinases ◽  
Plant Protein ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses

scholarly journals Recent Development on Plant Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Enzymes and Their Functions in Plant Development and Stress Signaling

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Adesola J. Tola ◽  
Amal Jaballi ◽  
Hugo Germain ◽  
Tagnon D. Missihoun
Keyword(s):  
Plant Development ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Stress Signaling ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Aldehyde Dehydrogenases ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Excessive Accumulation

Abiotic and biotic stresses induce the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which subsequently causes the excessive accumulation of aldehydes in cells. Stress-derived aldehydes are commonly designated as reactive electrophile species (RES) as a result of the presence of an electrophilic α, β-unsaturated carbonyl group. Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) are NAD(P)+-dependent enzymes that metabolize a wide range of endogenous and exogenous aliphatic and aromatic aldehyde molecules by oxidizing them to their corresponding carboxylic acids. The ALDH enzymes are found in nearly all organisms, and plants contain fourteen ALDH protein families. In this review, we performed a critical analysis of the research reports over the last decade on plant ALDHs. Newly discovered roles for these enzymes in metabolism, signaling and development have been highlighted and discussed. We concluded with suggestions for future investigations to exploit the potential of these enzymes in biotechnology and to improve our current knowledge about these enzymes in gene signaling and plant development.

scholarly journals Research and Application of Molecular and Phenotypic Data for Tree Biodiversity Evaluation

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 564
Author(s):  
Gaetano Distefano
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Tree Crop ◽  
Ecological Habitats

The main challenges for tree crop improvement are linked to the sustainable development of agro-ecological habitats, improving the adaptability to limiting environmental factors and resistance to biotic stresses or promoting novel genotypes with improved agronomic traits [...]

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