scholarly journals Physiological and Biochemical Responses, and Comparative Transcriptome Profiling of Two Angelica sinensis Cultivars Under Enhanced Ultraviolet-B Radiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Peng ◽  
Yinquan Wang ◽  
Tao Yang ◽  
Fusheng Wang ◽  
Jun Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Angelica Sinensis ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Key Enzymes ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

In this study, we explored the adaptive mechanism of two varieties of Angelica sinensis exposed to enhanced Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation. The radiation had different effects on the biomass, photosynthetic performance, oxidative damage, antioxidant defense system, and levels of bioactive compounds of Mingui 1 (C1) and Mingui 2 (C2). C2 outperformed C1 under enhanced UV-B radiation, compared to natural light. Using the Illumina RNA-seq, we obtained 6,326 and 2,583 DEGs in C1 and C2, respectively. Under enhanced UV-B radiation, the mRNA levels of genes involved in photosynthesis, antennae protein synthesis, carbon fixation, chlorophyll synthesis, and carotenoid synthesis were decreased in C1 but stable in C2, involving few DEGs. TFs were widely involved in the response of C1 to enhanced UV-B radiation; almost all bHLH and MYB coding genes were downregulated whereas almost all genes encoded WRKY22, WRKY50, WRKY72, NCF, and HSF were upregulated. These results indicate that enhanced UV-B radiation was not conducive to the synthesis of flavonoids, while disease resistance was enhanced. Regarding the ROS scavenging system, upregulated DEGs were mainly found in the AsA-GSH cycle and PrxR/Trx pathways. Remarkably, DEGs that those encoding biosynthetic key enzymes, including ferulic acid (CHS, CHI, DFR, and ANS) and flavonoid (CHS, CHI, DFR, and ANS), most upregulation in C2, leading to increased accumulation of ferulic acid and flavonoids and adversely affecting C1. Genes encoding key enzymes involved in the synthesis of lactone components (ACX, PXG) were mostly up-regulated in C1, increasing the content of lactone components. Our results reveal the DEGs present between C1 and C2 under enhanced UV-B radiation and are consistent with the observed differences in physiological and biochemical indexes. C1 was more sensitive to enhanced UV-B radiation, and C2 was more tolerant to it under moderate enhanced UV-B radiation stress. In addition, the large amount of A. sinensis transcriptome data generated here will serve as a source for finding effective ways to mitigate UV-B enhancement, and also contribute to the well-established lack of genetic information for non-model plant species.

Comprehensive Analysis of Transcriptomics and Metabolomics between the Heads and Tails of Angelica Sinensis: Genes Related to Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis Pathway

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Yang ◽  
Chi Zhang ◽  
Wei-Hong Li ◽  
Tian-Er Zhang ◽  
Guang-Zhong Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Angelica Sinensis ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Targeted Metabolomics ◽  
Kegg Pathways ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Combined Strategy

Background:: In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), the heads and tails of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels (AS) is used in treating different diseases due to their different pharmaceutical efficacies. The underline mechanisms, however, have not been fully explored. Objective:: Novel mechanisms responsible for the discrepant activities between AS heads and tails were explored by a combined strategy of transcriptomes and metabolomics. Method:: Six pairs of the heads and tails of AS roots were collected in Min County, China. Total RNA and metabolites, which were used for RNA-seq and untargeted metabolomics analysis, were respectively isolated from each AS sample (0.1 g) by Trizol and methanol reagent. Subsequently, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and discrepant pharmaceutical metabolites were identified for comparing AS heads and tails. Key DEGs and metabolites were quantified by qRT-PCR and targeted metabolomics experiment. Results:: Comprehensive analysis of transcriptomes and metabolomics results suggested that five KEGG pathways with significant differences included 57 DEGs. Especially, fourteen DEGs and six key metabolites were relation to the metabolic regulation of Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis (PB) pathway. Results of qRT-PCR and targeted metabolomics indicated that higher levels of expression of crucial genes in PB pathway, such as PAL, CAD, COMT and peroxidase in the tail of AS were positively correlated with levels of ferulic acid-related metabolites. The average content of ferulic acid in tails (569.58162.39 nmol/g) was higher than those in the heads (168.73  67.30 nmol/g) (P˂0.01); Caffeic acid in tails (3.82  0.88 nmol/g) vs heads (1.37  0.41 nmol/g) (P˂0.01), and Cinnamic acid in tails (0.24  0.09 nmol/g) vs heads (0.14  0.02 nmol/g) (P˂0.05). Conclusion:: Our work demonstrated that overexpressed genes and accumulated metabolites derived from PB pathway might be responsible for the discrepant pharmaceutical efficacies between AS heads and tails.

scholarly journals Heparan Sulfate Deficiency in Cartilage: Enhanced BMP-Sensitivity, Proteoglycan Production and an Anti-Apoptotic Expression Signature after Loading

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3726
Author(s):  
Matthias Gerstner ◽  
Ann-Christine Severmann ◽  
Safak Chasan ◽  
Andrea Vortkamp ◽  
Wiltrud Richter
Keyword(s):  
Heparan Sulfate ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Biological Process ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Unconfined Compression ◽  
Expression Signature ◽  
Hypomorphic Allele ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Engineered Cartilage

Osteoarthritis (OA) represents one major cause of disability worldwide still evading efficient pharmacological or cellular therapies. Severe degeneration of extracellular cartilage matrix precedes the loss of mobility and disabling pain perception in affected joints. Recent studies showed that a reduced heparan sulfate (HS) content protects cartilage from degradation in OA-animal models of joint destabilization but the underlying mechanisms remained unclear. We aimed to clarify whether low HS-content alters the mechano-response of chondrocytes and to uncover pathways relevant for HS-related chondro-protection in response to loading. Tissue-engineered cartilage with HS-deficiency was generated from rib chondrocytes of mice carrying a hypomorphic allele of Exostosin 1 (Ext1), one of the main HS-synthesizing enzymes, and wildtype (WT) littermate controls. Engineered cartilage matured for 2 weeks was exposed to cyclic unconfined compression in a bioreactor. The molecular loading response was determined by transcriptome profiling, bioinformatic data processing, and qPCR. HS-deficient chondrocytes expressed 3–6% of WT Ext1-mRNA levels. Both groups similarly raised Sox9, Col2a1, and Acan levels during maturation. However, HS-deficient chondrocytes synthesized and deposited 50% more GAG/DNA. TGFβ and FGF2-sensitivity of Ext1gt/gt chondrocytes was similar to WT cells but their response to BMP-stimulation was enhanced. Loading induced similar activation of mechano-sensitive ERK and P38-signaling in WT and HS-reduced chondrocytes. Transcriptome analysis reflected regulation of cell migration as major load-induced biological process with similar stimulation of common (Fosl1, Itgα5, Timp1, and Ngf) as well as novel mechano-regulated genes (Inhba and Dhrs9). Remarkably, only Ext1-hypomorphic cartilage responded to loading by an expression signature of negative regulation of apoptosis with pro-apoptotic Bnip3 being selectively down-regulated. HS-deficiency enhanced BMP-sensitivity, GAG-production and fostered an anti-apoptotic expression signature after loading, all of which may protect cartilage from load-induced erosion.

scholarly journals Mineral Element Deposition and Gene Expression across Different Tissues of Cherry Valley Ducks

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
Qianqian Song ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Hao Bai ◽  
Li Zhong ◽  
Xiaofan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Breast Muscle ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Atomic Fluorescence ◽  
Breeding Efficiency ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Different Tissues

This study was conducted to investigate the deposition of several mineral elements and the mRNA levels of mineral-related genes across different tissues of cherry valley ducks. The contents of magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), zinc (Zn), and selenium (Se) in ducks’ breast muscle, thigh muscle, liver, skin, and tibia at the age of 0, 21, 35, 49, and 63 days, respectively, were measured using an atomic fluorescence spectrophotometer, while the mRNA levels of mineral-related genes were detected by qRT-PCR. The results revealed that the dynamics of Mg and K were generally similar in each tissue, with a significant positive correlation (p < 0.05). In the breast muscle, thigh muscle, and liver, the contents of almost all mineral elements reached their peak values (p < 0.05) at the age of 49 to 63 days. Interestingly, the expression of most mineral-related genes was the highest at birth (p < 0.05). In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between the expression of ATP1A1 and the deposition of K (r = −0.957, p < 0.05), and a similar result was found for the expression of ATP8 and the deposition of Zn (r = −0.905, p < 0.05). Taken together, Mg and K could be used as joint indicators for the precise breeding of the high-quality strain of cherry valley ducks, while the age of 49 to 63 days could be used as the reference for the best marketing age. In addition, ATP1A1 and ATP8 could be used as the key genes to detect K and Zn, respectively. Hence, the findings of this study can be used to improve the production and breeding efficiency of high-quality meat ducks.

scholarly journals Transcriptome and mebabolomic profiling: the effect of LED light quality on morphological traits, and phenylpropanoid-derived compounds accumulation in Sarcandra glabra seedlings

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejin Xie ◽  
Lingyan Chen ◽  
Chengcheng Zhou ◽  
Muhammad Waqqas Khan Tarin ◽  
Deming Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Chinese Herb ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Accumulation Pattern ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Myb Proteins ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Background Sarcandra glabra is an evergreen and traditional Chinese herb, having medicinal significance as anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor. Recently, China has initiated to establish cultivation of this plant in greenhouse under artificial light-emitting diodes (LED). However, little is known regarding the effects of the different LED lights on plant growth, accumulation pattern of secondary metabolites, and the molecular mechanism of Sarcandra glabra. Results Compared to white light (WL), the red light (RL) increased the height and decreased the stem diameter and leaf area, while blue light (BL) suppressed the height and leaf area. According to our transcriptome profiling, some differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. We identified 46 unigenes encoding for almost all known enzymes involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, while the expression level of RNA-seq and qPCR were largely consistent. Meanwhile, we found 53 unigenes encoding R2R3-MYB proteins and 53 unigenes encoding bHLH proteins that several of them were related to flavonoids biosynthesis. Based on metabolomic profiling, a total of 454 metabolites were detected and the distribution of chemicals varied significantly. While flavonoids, phenolic acids, and tannins were mainly located in leaves; Organic acids, lignans and coumarins, and terpenoids were much more abundant in WG (root tissue under WL). Meanwhile, the yields of most flavonoids from BY (leaf tissue under BL) and the synthesis of primarily targeted compounds was lower than in WY (leaf tissue under WL) and RY (leaf tissue under RL). Instead, the leaves grown under RL exhibited a greater production of bioactive phytochemicals such as esculetin, fraxetin, esculin, and scopoletin. Conclusion These results provide further insight into the molecular mechanism of metabolites accumulation patterns in S. glabra under different light conditions, enabling the development of optimum breeding conditions for this plant.

scholarly journals Analysis of Differentially Expressed Transcripts in Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür) Exposed to Different Temperature Coefficient Insecticides

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjie An ◽  
Chang Liu ◽  
Ya’nan Dou ◽  
Zhanlin Gao ◽  
Zhihong Dang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Effect ◽  
Temperature Coefficient ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Apolygus Lucorum ◽  
Gene Information ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

The existence of a temperature effect of insecticides frustrated the control of the green plant bug Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür). Previous studies mostly focused on the application of insecticides, but the underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood. Here, we report a transcriptome profiling of A. lucorum treated by three kinds of temperature coefficient insecticides (TCIs) (positive TCI: imidacloprid, negative TCI: b-cypermethrin and non-effect TCI: phoxim) at 15 °C, 25 °C and 35 °C by using next- and third-generation RNA-Seq methods. A total of 34,739 transcripts were annotated from 277.74 Gb of clean data. There were more up-regulated transcripts than down-regulated transcripts in all three kinds of TCI treatments. Further Venn diagrams indicate the regulatory transcripts and regulatory modes were different at the three temperatures. The responses to imidacloprid involved more detox and stress response transcripts such as cytochrome P450 (CYP450), carboxylesterase (CarE) and catalase (CAT) at 35 °C, which was the case for beta-cypermethrin at 15 °C. UDP-glucuronyltransferase (UGT) and heat shock protein (HSP) transcripts were heavily involved, and thus deserve particular note in the temperature effect of insecticides. This high-confidence transcriptome atlas provides improved gene information for further study on the insecticide temperature effect related physiological and biochemical processes of A. lucorum.

scholarly journals Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels: Influence of Value Chain on Quality Criteria and Marker Compounds Ferulic Acid and Z-Ligustilide

Medicines ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nino Giacomelli ◽  
Yang Yongping ◽  
Franz Huber ◽  
Anita Ankli ◽  
Caroline Weckerle
Keyword(s):  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Angelica Sinensis ◽  
Marker Compounds

202 Targeting Galactosyl-α-1,3-Galactose (αGal) Epitopes for Multi-Species Embryo Immunosurgery

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
M. Kurome ◽  
A. Baehr ◽  
K. Simmet ◽  
B. Kessler ◽  
E. Jemiller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inner Cell Mass ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Hoechst 33342 ◽  
Experimental Variation ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
German Research ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Pig Serum

Immunosurgical isolation of the inner cell mass (ICM) from blastocysts is based on complement-mediated lysis of antibody-coated trophectoderm (TE) cells. Conventionally, anti-species antisera, containing antibodies against multiple undefined TE cell epitopes, have been used as antibody source. We previously generated α-1,3-galactosyltransferase deficient (GTKO) pigs to prevent hyper-acute rejection of pig-to-primate xenotransplants. Because GTKO pigs lack galactosyl-α-1,3-galactose (αGal) but are exposed to this antigen (e.g. αGal on gut bacteria), they are expected to produce anti-αGal antibodies. In this study, we examined whether serum from GTKO pigs can be used as a novel antibody source for embryo immunosurgery. First, the presence of αGal epitopes in mouse (E3.5), rabbit (Day 4), pig (Day 6–7), and bovine (Day 7–8) blastocysts was examined by staining with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated BSI-B4 lectin (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) that binds αGal. Expression of αGal epitopes on the surface of TE cells was detected in blastocysts of all examined species. Next, pig blastocysts were incubated with a medium containing GTKO pig serum. Swollen TE cells were observed in some of the blastocysts already after 2 min and, after 10 min, almost all TE cells of these blastocysts were completely destroyed. No lysis was recorded when the same experiment was done with wild-type pig serum, suggesting the presence of sufficient quantities of anti-αGal antibodies in GTKO serum to coat the TE cells and induce their complement-mediated lysis. Finally, GTKO serum was systematically tested for immunosurgery. Zona-free blastocysts of the species mentioned above were incubated with heat-inactivated GTKO pig serum for 1 h at 38°C. After washing, the blastocysts were labelled with Hoechst 33342 and TE was stained with FITC-conjugated concanavalin A (ConA) to distinguish the ICM from TE cells. Eventually, the blastocysts were individually incubated in complement solution for 30 to 40 min. Complement-mediated lysis of TE cells was efficiently induced in mouse, rabbit, pig, and bovine blastocysts (10/10, 7/7, 10/10, and 5/6, respectively), and intact ICM were successfully recovered from all species (100, 100, 60, and 80%, respectively). Double fluorescent staining with Hoechst 33342 and ConA clearly showed that the majority of isolated ICM was not contaminated with TE cells. Our study demonstrates that GTKO pig serum is a reliable source of antibodies targeting the αGal epitope of TE cells. Major advantages of using GTKO serum for embryo immunosurgery are (1) that it can be produced easily in large batches, thus reducing experimental variation; and (2) that it reacts with a large number of different species, except for humans, apes, and old world monkeys that lack αGal epitopes. Interesting applications include the preparation of TE and ICM for transcriptome profiling or chimeric embryo complementation experiments. This work is supported by the German Research Council (TR-CRC 127).

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