scholarly journals Age Differences in Visual Attention and Responses to Intergenerational and Non-intergenerational Workplace Conflicts

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dannii Y. Yeung ◽  
Derek M. Isaacowitz ◽  
Winnie W. Y. Lam ◽  
Jiawen Ye ◽  
Cyrus L. K. Leung
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Intergenerational Conflict ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Workplace Conflicts ◽  
Younger Workers ◽  
Conflict Strategies ◽  
Effect Of Age

Intergenerational conflict occurs commonly in the workplace because of age-related differences in work attitudes and values. This study aimed to advance the current literature on aging and work by examining whether younger and older workers differ in their visual attention, emotional responses, and conflict strategies when observing hypothetical conflict vignettes involving a coworker from a similar or dissimilar age group. The indirect effect of age group on emotional responses and conflict strategies through visual fixation on conflict scenes was also examined. Utilizing eye tracking, the visual attention of younger and older workers while watching two hypothetical workplace task conflict videos was recorded and compared. The participants were also asked to imagine how they would respond if they were the main actor in the vignettes. A total of 94 working adults, including 48 younger workers and 46 older workers, participated in the eye tracking experiment. Older workers reported fewer negative and more positive emotions than their younger counterparts after watching the conflict videos, particularly those on the non-intergenerational conflict. Younger workers used more dominating in the intergenerational conflict than in the non-intergenerational conflict; such discrepancy between conflict types was relatively small in older workers. Compared with younger workers, older workers fixated significantly less on the coworker during the intergenerational conflict scenes. A significant indirect effect of age group through visual fixation on the coworker was observed for positive emotions and avoiding. Results revealed that older workers may regulate their emotional reactions and conflict strategies to workplace conflicts by reducing their attention to negative stimuli.

Conflict between younger and older workers: an identity-based approach

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry C.Y. Ho ◽  
Dannii Y. Yeung
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Goal Orientation ◽  
Organizational Identification ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Opposing Party ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
Conflict Strategies

Purpose With age diversity in the workplace becoming increasingly prevalent, the conflict between younger and older workers can be pervasive because of their increased interpersonal tensions from heterogeneous interactions. Adopting an identity-based approach, this study aims to examine the causes, underlying mechanisms and specific strategies used to manage such conflict. It was hypothesized that there is an interaction effect between age-group identification and organizational identification on conflict strategies and that this relationship can be explained by the mediating role of motivational goal orientation. Design/methodology/approach A total of 380 clerical workers in Hong Kong, aged 19–65, responded to two hypothetical scenarios about conflict with a younger and an older worker using a structured questionnaire on social identity, motivational goal orientation and conflict strategies. Moderated mediation analyzes were performed to test the hypothesized conditional indirect effects. Findings Results showed that workers who identified with the organization emphasized less on independent goals (with a younger opposing party) and more on cooperative goals (with an older opposing party) when they did not perceive an age-group differentiation, and thus, they were more likely to respond in a way that de-escalates the conflict, including the use of integrating, obliging and compromising strategies. Originality/value Extending age-related conflict research beyond identifying generational differences, this study highlights the role of social identity and suggests that employers and managers should strengthen employees’ organizational identification and build a fair work environment that facilitates positive interaction between younger and older workers.

scholarly journals Do You See What I See? Effectiveness of 360-Degree vs. 2D Video Ads Using a Neuroscience Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose M. Ausin-Azofra ◽  
Enrique Bigne ◽  
Carla Ruiz ◽  
Javier Marín-Morales ◽  
Jaime Guixeres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Durable Goods ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Response Model ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Logo Recognition ◽  
Brand Recognition ◽  
Durable Products

This study compares cognitive and emotional responses to 360-degree vs. static (2D) videos in terms of visual attention, brand recognition, engagement of the prefrontal cortex, and emotions. Hypotheses are proposed based on the interactivity literature, cognitive overload, advertising response model and motivation, opportunity, and ability theoretical frameworks, and tested using neurophysiological tools: electroencephalography, eye-tracking, electrodermal activity, and facial coding. The results revealed that gaze view depends on ad content, visual attention paid being lower in 360-degree FMCG ads than in 2D ads. Brand logo recognition is lower in 360-degree ads than in 2D video ads. Overall, 360-degree ads for durable products increase positive emotions, which carries the risk of non-exposure to some of the ad content. In testing four ads for durable goods and fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) this research explains the mechanism through which 360-degree video ads outperform standard versions.

scholarly journals Description of Main Predictors for Taking Sick Leave Associated with Work-Related Eye Injuries in Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5157
Author(s):  
Sergio Martín-Prieto ◽  
Cristina Alvarez-Peregrina ◽  
Israel Thuissard-Vassallo ◽  
Carlos Catalina-Romero ◽  
Eva Calvo-Bonacho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sick Leave ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Eye Injury ◽  
Eye Injuries ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Younger Workers ◽  
Initial Injury ◽  
Type Of Injury

Recent studies in Spain have shown that males, younger workers, and people involved in manual jobs had the highest risk of suffering a work-related eye injury (WREI). This study aims to assess the predictors of sick leave associated with WREI and to compare them with risk factors of initial injury. A retrospective and descriptive study of WREI that causes sick leave of one or more days among workers from an insurance labor mutual company in Spain was conducted over a period from 2008 to 2018. The variables of the study were sex, age, occupation, and type of injury. A total of 9352 (18.6% of 50,265 WREI) cases and 113,395 total days of sick leave were observed, with an estimated EUR 4,994,009.59 of associated labor cost. The main predictors of sick leave related to WREI were found to be female (highest incidence; 25.9 (95% CI (24.8–27.1))), >55 years of age (highest incidence; 20.5 (95% CI (19.3–21.7))), not working in the industry (lowest incidence; 13.8 (95% CI (13.3–14.2))), and not suffering “other disorders of conjunctiva” (lowest incidence; 5.7 (95% CI (4.7–6.8))). The consequences associated with WREI are worse for female and older workers, despite the main risk of suffering WREI being observed in males and younger workers.

scholarly journals Patient Clothing as a Healing Environment: A Qualitative Interview Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5357
Author(s):  
Seon-Ju Kam ◽  
Young-Sun Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Response ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Pattern Design ◽  
Qualitative Interview Study

Patients’ emotional responses to the hospital environment can be considered as important as medical technology and equipment. Therefore, this study investigated their experiences to determine whether the pattern using hospital identity (HI) elements, a widely used design method for patient clothing in university hospitals, can affect their emotional response and contribute to healing. It aimed to identify whether controlling the motif characteristics, arrangement, and spacing in this pattern design, and the direction between motifs, could be a method to design patient clothing for healing. To investigate patients’ emotional response and suggestions for patient clothing design, an interview-based qualitative approach was used. In-depth interviews were conducted with 12 patients discharged from Kyung Hee University Hospital Medical Center (KHUMC), Seoul. The interview questions consisted of two parts. One part featured questions about participants’ emotional responses to the medical environment and their latest patient clothing experience, and the other featured questions about their emotional response to, and suggestions for, the healing expression of pattern design using HI. The results confirmed that the motif characteristics, arrangement, and spacing, and the direction between motifs, influenced patients’ positive emotions and contributed to the healing effect. Therefore, when the HI elements of a medical institution are applied in the design of patient clothing with the characteristics of a healing design, patients perceive this as providing stability and comfort. The design of patient clothing becomes a medium that not only builds the brand image of medical institutions, but also enhances the quality of medical services centered on patient healing.

The moderating impact of emotions on customer equity drivers and loyalty intentions

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zohaib Razzaq ◽  
Salman Yousaf ◽  
Zhao Hong
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Customer Service ◽  
Customer Loyalty ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Customer Equity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Loyalty Intentions

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the significant contribution of emotions along with other conventional loyalty drivers on the loyalty intentions. Design/methodology/approach The influence of three conventional loyalty drivers, i.e., value equity, brand equity, relationship equity on loyalty intentions was investigated by further exploring the moderating effects of negative and positive emotions. A sample of 834 Pakistani consumers in the supermarkets and banking industries was studied employing store-intercept survey design. Findings Consumer behavior is driven by emotions in both the supermarkets and banking context. Thus, in order to better predict customer loyalty intentions, the emotional component is crucial and should be included along with other cognitive components. Practical implications Since customers’ emotional responses throughout service delivery are strongly linked to loyalty, therefore supermarkets and bank service managers need to make sure that the customers experience with their services as pleasurable as possible and for this purpose, customer service employees need to be trained in order to better understand the customers’ emotional responses during the course of service delivery process. Originality/value The present study complements the existing literature regarding the role of emotions in service settings and offers a new point of view for the linkage among emotions, customer equity drivers and customer loyalty intentions.

scholarly journals The effects of constructive television news reporting on prosocial intentions and behavior in children: The role of negative emotions and self-efficacy

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris van Venrooij ◽  
Tobias Sachs ◽  
Mariska Kleemans
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Television News ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
News Story ◽  
News Reporting ◽  
News Video ◽  
Prosocial Intentions ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract To reduce negative emotional responses and to stimulate prosociality, constructive journalism promotes the inclusion of positive emotions and solutions in news. This study experimentally tested whether including those elements indeed increased prosocial intentions and behavior among children, and whether negative emotions and self-efficacy are mediators in this regard. To this end, children (N = 468; 9 to 13 years old) were exposed to an emotion-based, solution-based, or non-constructive news video. Results showed that emotion-based and solution-based news reduced children’s negative emotions compared to non-constructive news. No direct effects for prosocial intentions were found, but solution-based news led to less prosocial behavior (i. e., money donated) than emotion-based and non-constructive news. Moreover, negative emotions served as a mediator, self-efficacy did not. The more negative emotions were elicited by a news story, the higher the prosocial intentions and behavior. In conclusion, a constructive style of reporting helps to reduce children’s negative emotional responses but subsequently hinders prosociality.

Hoe bereid zijn werkgevers om ouderen aan te nemen?

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Didier Fouarge ◽  
Raymond Montizaan
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Job Applicant ◽  
The Public ◽  
Negative Opinion ◽  
Vignette Study ◽  
Younger Workers ◽  
Relative Productivity

How willing are employers to hire older workers? How willing are employers to hire older workers? In this article, we use a vignette study among employers in the public sector to investigate how the role of the job applicant’s age and employers’ views on productivity and the wages of older workers affect the likelihood that older applicants are hired. We find that the likelihood of being hired significantly decreases with the age of the applicant. A job applicant who is 60 years old, has a 41% lower chance of being hired than someone who is 35 years. Employers believe that the productivity of 55to 64-year-olds is lower and labor costs are higher than that of younger workers. However, a negative opinion on the labor costs of older workers has no significant impact on older applicants’ probability of being hired. A negative opinion of the employer on the relative productivity of older workers does substantially lower the probability that an older applicant will be hired.

scholarly journals Investigating User Emotional Responses to Eco-Feedback Designs

2018 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qifang Bao ◽  
Edward Burnell ◽  
Ann M. Hughes ◽  
Maria C. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Resource Conservation ◽  
Feedback Information ◽  
Feedback Design ◽  
Lab Experiments ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
Highly Correlated

Emotional responses to a product can be critical in influencing how the product will be used. This study explores the emotions that arise from users' interaction with eco-feedback products, and investigates links between emotions and users' resource conservation behaviors. In-lab experiments were conducted with 68 participants of varying backgrounds. Each participant was shown sketches of four conceptual designs of eco-feedback products and reported how they would feel and behave in different scenarios using the products. Two styles of eco-feedback design, quantitative and figurative, were compared to each other and were compared to neutral designs, which had little or no feedback information. Results showed that taking resource conservation actions such as turning off lights was highly correlated with negative emotions toward wasting resources, such as guilt, upset, embarrassment, and annoyance. Users' evaluations of esthetics, usefulness, and overall quality of eco-feedback products, however, were highly correlated with positive emotions toward resource conservation, described as satisfied, proud, interested, and joyful. Figurative designs were observed to evoke much stronger emotions among younger participants than older ones. Ultimately, we hope our findings are useful to the designers of eco-feedback products.

scholarly journals Music Generates Emotional Responses in Growing Pigs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Zapata Cardona ◽  
Maria Camila Ceballos ◽  
Ariel Marcel Tarazona Morales ◽  
Edimer David Jaramillo ◽  
Berardo de Jesús Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Behavioral Assessment ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Vertical Density ◽  
Potential Use

Abstract There is a lack of clarity on whether pigs can emotionally respond to musical stimulation and whether that response is related to music types. Qualitative Behavioral Assessment (QBA) was used to evaluate effects of 16 distinct musical pieces (in terms of harmony and vertical density) on emotional responses in nursery pigs (n=30) during four periods: “habituation,” “treatments,” “breaks,” and “final.” Data were evaluated using Principal component analysis (PCA). Two principal components (PC) were considered in the analysis: PC1, characterized as a positive emotions index, included the terms content, playful, sociable, and happy, whereas PC2, characterized as a negative emotions index, included fearful, inquisitive, and uneasy with positive loadings, and relaxed and calm with negative loadings. Musical stimulation (treatment) increased (P < 0.01) both emotional indices, compared to other periods and this response was influenced by the compositional characteristics of the music. We concluded that pigs have a wide variety of emotional responses, with different affective states related to the type of music used, providing evidence of its potential use as environmental enrichment for the species.

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