scholarly journals The Three Teachings of East Asia (TTEA) Inventory: Developing and Validating a Measure of the Interrelated Ideologies of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Ying Lin ◽  
Dena Phillips Swanson ◽  
Ronald David Rogge
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Item Pool ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Conceptual Integration ◽  
The World ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽  
Acceptable Internal Consistency

Objectives: Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism have influenced societies and shaped cultures as they have spread across the span of history and ultimately across the world. However, to date, the interrelated nature of their impacts has yet to be examined largely due to the lack of a measure that comprehensively assesses their various tenets. Building on a conceptual integration of foundational texts on each ideology as well as on recent measure development work (much of which is unpublished), the current studies developed a comprehensive measure of these ideologies (the Three Teachings of East Asia Inventory; TTEA) and validated it across four languages.Methods: A combined sample of 2,091 online respondents (Study 1: 322 Chinese respondents, Study 2: 400 Japanese respondents, Study 3: 362 Taiwanese respondents, Study 4: 688 White Americans and 319 Asian Americans) completed 25–35 min online survey in their preferred language: English, Traditional Mandarin, Simplified Mandarin, or Japanese.Results: Exploratory Factor Analyses within a 122-item pool identified 18 stable dimensions across all samples. Measurement invariance analyses identified the final 61-items of the TTEA inventory (demonstrating reasonable invariance across all languages), confirming 18 individual tenet subscales that organize into four higher-order composites: Buddhism, Taoism, Restrictive Confucianism, and Empowering Confucianism. A shorter 36-item version of the TTEA inventory was also developed. The TTEA scales demonstrated (1) acceptable internal consistency, (2) discriminant validity, and (3) incremental predictive validity for current life satisfaction and vitality.Conclusions: The TTEA inventory offers one of the first comprehensive, multilingual measures that will allow cross-cultural researchers to examine the influence of three related Eastern ideologies on societies across the world.

Dimensions of Death-Related Attitudes in a French-Speaking Sample

2021 ◽  
pp. 003022282110436
Author(s):  
Joachim Wittkowski ◽  
Pierre-Marc Paré
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Item Pool ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Oblique Rotation ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽  
French Speaking

This study examines the structure of death-related attitudes among French-speaking people. Participants from Canada, Belgium, France, and from Switzerland whose mother tongue was French in an online survey responded to the French adaptation of the item pool of the Multidimensional Orientation Toward Dying and Death Inventory (MODDI; N = 373). Exploratory factor analyses with orthogonal and oblique rotation yielded a 5-factor Fear domain and a 3-factor Acceptance domain, thereby reproducing the a-priori conceptualization. These results are discussed with respect to the issue of universal dimensions of death-related attitudes across cultures.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of the Organizational Stressor Indicator for Sport Performers (OSI-SP)

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Arnold ◽  
David Fletcher ◽  
Kevin Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Structure Study ◽  
Item Pool ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Organizational Stressors ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽  
Initial Item ◽  
Development And Validation

The series of related studies reported here describe the development and validation of the Organizational Stressor Indicator for Sport Performers (OSI-SP). In Study 1, an expert and usability panel examined the content validity and applicability of an initial item pool. The resultant 96 items were analyzed with exploratory factor analyses in Study 2, with the factorial structure comprising 5 factors (viz., Goals and Development, Logistics and Operations, Team and Culture, Coaching, Selection) and 33 items. Using confirmatory factor analyses, Studies 3 and 4 found support for the 5-factor structure. Study 4 also provided evidence for the OSI-SP’s concurrent validity and invariance across different groups. The OSI-SP is proposed as a valid and reliable measure of the organizational stressors encountered by sport performers.

Self‐consciousness scales for adults and children: Reliability, validity, and theoretical significance

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Abrams
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Structure Reliability ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses

The present article reports the factor structure, reliability and validity of Fenigstein et al.'s (1975) Self‐Consciousness Scale (SCS) using British respondents from five samples of undergraduate students, two of 17‐year‐old school pupils, one of 13‐year‐old pupils, and one of 11‐year‐old pupils. Confirmatory factor analyses reproduced in most samples a 3‐factor structure consistent with the SCS subscales, although exploratory factor analyses suggested the Private subscale consists of several subfactors. Concordantly, alpha reliability coefficients were higher for Social Anxiety and Public than for Private, respectively. Test–retest reliability was reasonable for Social Anxiety, but poorer for Public and Private. In line with correlations found by other researchers, that between Public and Private Self‐consciousness was r = 0.33. Both of these subscales correlated positively with Neuroticism. Nevertheless, public and private were considered to be distinguishable constructs. In contrast, Social Anxiety correlated highly positively with Introversion and Neuroticism, and negatively with Self‐Esteem, indicating poor discriminant validity. Exploratory factor analyses of scales designed for young adolescents yielded recognizable private and public factors, with the predominance of a Private factor among 11‐year olds, but of a Public factor among 13‐year olds. Finally, conceptual problems surrounding the private–public distinction are articulated in relation to (a) similar alternative constructs, and (b) Tajfel and Turner's (1979) concept of social identity.

scholarly journals Established self-report questionnaires of psychopathology can be efficiently summarized with HiTOP

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Patrick Wendt ◽  
Kristin Jankowsky ◽  
Johannes Zimmermann ◽  
Ulrich Schroeders ◽  
Tobias Nolte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Symptom Clusters ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Item Pool ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Close Correspondence ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Working Model ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses

The hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology (HiTOP) organizes phenotypes of mental disorder in a hierarchy from narrower symptoms to broader patterns of dysfunction. Little is known about how well traditional self-report questionnaires of psychopathology from the pre-HiTOP era are covered by the current HiTOP working model. We derived a comprehensive 64-item measure of symptom clusters (HiTOP-Map) from established measures (i.e., 685 items within 72 scales) using a sample of community participants and outpatients (N = 909) in a multistep construction process: First, content validity was rated for structuring the item pool. Second, exploratory factor analyses identified 16 symptom clusters. Third, a metaheuristic (ant colony optimization) compiled 64 prototypical items to cover the breadth across all clusters. Bass-ackwards analyses of HiTOP-Map showed a close correspondence to the current HiTOP working model. HiTOP-Map covered the original scales well (median r = .71), indicating that established self-report questionnaires of psychopathology are efficiently summarized by HiTOP.

scholarly journals Influence of Performance Enhancement and Administrative Tasks on Coaches’ Stress and Intentions to Continue

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-272
Author(s):  
Wendy M. Rodgers ◽  
Camilla J. Knight ◽  
Anne-Marie Selzler ◽  
Ian L. Reade ◽  
Gregory F. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Task Type ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Job Requirements ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Administrative Tasks

The purposes of this study were to, (a) assess motivational experiences of performance enhancement tasks (PET) and administrative tasks (AT), and; (b) examine the relationships of emergent motivational experiences of each task type to coaches’ perceived stress and intentions to continue coaching. In total, 572 coaches completed an online survey, which assessed autonomy, competence, relatedness, and other characteristics of PET and AT, intentions to continue coaching, and perceived stress. Two separate exploratory factor analyses (EFA) were conducted, one for AT and one for PET. This was followed up with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and SEM to examine relationships between emerging factors and stress and intentions. The factors generated for PET reflected ideas of autonomy, time conflict, and satisfaction, and for AT also included competence, effort, and job requirements. The resulting experiences of AT and PET appear to have different influences on stress and intentions, suggesting their distinction will be important in future work examining coach retention.

scholarly journals Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Dutch language version of the Pictorial Fear of Activity Scale – Cervical

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maaike Kragting ◽  
Lennard Voogt ◽  
Koen I. Neijenhuijs ◽  
Annelies L. Pool-Goudzwaard ◽  
Michel W. Coppieters
Keyword(s):  
Neck Pain ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Hypotheses Testing ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Language Version ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽  
Activity Scale ◽  
Dutch Language

Abstract Background The Pictorial Fear of Activity Scale-Cervical (PFActS-C) is a reliable and valid instrument to assess fear of movement in people with whiplash associated disorders. It is not available in Dutch and has not been evaluated in other neck pain populations. This study aimed to systematically translate the PFActS-C into Dutch and evaluate the psychometric properties of this Dutch Language Version (DLV) in people with non-specific neck pain. Methods The PFActS-C was translated according to international guidelines. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, floor and ceiling effects, face validity and construct validity (convergent and discriminant validity by hypotheses testing and structural validity by confirmatory and exploratory factor-analyses) of the PFActS-C-DLV were tested in 125 people with non-specific neck pain. Results The PFActS-C-DLV showed good to excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.98) and stability over time (ICC: 0.90 [95%CI: 0.82–0.93). Four out of five a priori formulated hypotheses regarding related (convergent validity) and unrelated (discriminant validity) constructs were confirmed. However, the confirmatory factor analysis could not confirm the expected 1-factor solution. Furthermore, the exploratory factor analyses revealed that also a higher factor solution would not lead to a good fit of the model. Conclusions The PFActS-C-DLV is a reliable region-specific instrument for people with non-specific neck pain. The construct validity was supported, based on hypotheses testing. However, factor analyses could not confirm a 1-factor solution, so the underlying construct of the PFActS-C-DLV remains unclear. Given the PFActS-C’s photographic format, we believe these findings also have relevance for the original English version.

scholarly journals Assessing Self-Efficacy and Communication Regarding Sexual Agreements among Men Who Have Sex with Men in the USA: Development and Validation of Two Novel Scales

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9727
Author(s):  
Torsten B. Neilands ◽  
Deepalika Chakravarty ◽  
Lynae A. Darbes ◽  
Nathan P. O’Brien ◽  
Ilse S. Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Scale Validation ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Sexual Agreements ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Sex With Men

HIV disproportionately impacts men who have sex with men (MSM) in the USA. Building upon research on relationship constructs unique to MSM couples’ HIV-prevention needs, we developed two new scales measuring sexual agreement self-efficacy (SASE) and importance of sexual agreement communication (ISAC). Following qualitative item development, we used two large independent samples of MSM couples (N1 = 441, N2 = 388) to conduct scale validation. Exploratory factor analyses indicated both SASE and ISAC to be unidimensional with 7 and 5 items (eigenvalues = 5.68 and 3.50), respectively, with strong factor loadings. Confirmatory factor analyses yielded satisfactory model fit for SASE (CFI = 0.99; SRMR = 0.03) and ISAC (CFI = 0.99; SRMR = 0.05). Reliability was high for SASE (ω = 0.92) and ISAC (ω = 0.84). Predictive validity analysis revealed a protective association between higher scores on both scales and the outcomes of sexual risk behavior and agreement breaks. Convergent and discriminant validity analyses demonstrated associations in the expected directions between these scales and multiple measures of relationship quality. Therefore, SASE and ISAC are two brief, valid, and reliable scales that can facilitate more in-depth explorations of sexual agreements in MSM and thereby contribute greatly to improving our understanding of and ability to intervene on sexual agreements to improve health and relationship outcomes.

scholarly journals Developing Preliminary Scales for Assessing the HiTOP Detachment Spectrum

Assessment ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107319112110153
Author(s):  
Johannes Zimmermann ◽  
Thomas A. Widiger ◽  
Lara Oeltjen ◽  
Christopher C. Conway ◽  
Leslie C. Morey
Keyword(s):  
Risk Aversion ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Stepwise Procedure ◽  
Thrill Seeking

The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is an empirical-based classification of psychopathology. Detachment is one of the six spectra in the current HiTOP working model. The aim of this study was to develop preliminary scales for the HiTOP Detachment spectrum that can be used in the next phase of developing a comprehensive measure of HiTOP. We had 456 participants from MTurk (Sample 1) and 266 university students (Sample 2) complete an online survey including a pool of 247 Detachment items assessing 15 consensually defined low-order constructs. Using a stepwise procedure involving factor analyses and ant colony optimization methods, we developed seven 8-item scales that capture unipolar facets of Detachment: anhedonia, suspiciousness, social withdrawal, intimacy avoidance, unassertiveness, risk aversion, and restricted affectivity. Three other 8-item scales emerged that tapped into a Maladaptive Extraversion construct (attention-seeking, thrill-seeking, and domineering), which was mostly unrelated to unipolar Detachment in factor analyses. The 10 scales were unidimensional, reliable, and showed some evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. We discuss challenges of assessing Detachment when moving forward with developing a comprehensive measure of HiTOP.

The Development and Validation of a Scale Measuring Postgraduate School Application Self-Efficacy

2020 ◽  
pp. 106907272097440
Author(s):  
Meaghan K. Rowe-Johnson ◽  
Alex Rice ◽  
Saba R. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Education ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽  
Development And Validation

This study introduces a new construct to the literature that may impact students’ entrance into postgraduate programs: postgraduate school application self-efficacy. Although previous scholars have explored the admissions processes for a variety of disciplines and have developed a measure for graduate education self-efficacy, no measure has been developed to assess postgraduate school application self-efficacy (PSASE). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop and validate a measure of 423 undergraduate students’ PSASE. Parallel analyses, exploratory factor analyses, and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to determine the underlying factor structure of the PSASE scale. Reliability and correlational analyses were also conducted to assess convergent and discriminant validity. Results revealed a conceptually interpretable, 16-item, four-factor solution that accounted for 80.88% of the total variance. Correlational analyses with graduate education self-efficacy and self-esteem provided evidence of convergent and discriminant validity for the PSASE subscales. Implications and future directions were explored.

scholarly journals A test of construct validity of the work meaning inventory

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinkook Tak ◽  
HyungJoon Seo ◽  
Yongjae Woo ◽  
HyeonJoo Sim
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
High Order ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Work Meaning ◽  
Growth Opportunity ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
High Order Factor

The purpose of this study was to test the eight factors model and a high order factor structure of the Work Meaning Inventory(WMI) developed by Tak et al.(2015) and with a sample of employees. Data were obtained from 1,000 employees using online survey. Results of exploratory factor analyses confirmed the original 8 factors of the WMI, confirming the construct validity of the WMI. Also results of high-order factor analyses showed that the three higher order factors(make a living, growth opportunity, self-actualization) were obtained. Finally, the implications, limitations, and future studies are discussed.

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