scholarly journals Dreams and Trauma Changes in the Manifest Dreams in Psychoanalytic Treatments – A Psychoanalytic Outcome Measure

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Fischmann ◽  
Gilles Ambresin ◽  
Marianne Leuzinger-Bohleber
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Generation Model ◽  
Sleep Laboratory ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
Mental Functioning ◽  
Sleep Research ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
The Third ◽  
Interdisciplinary Knowledge

Although psychoanalysts are interested in symptom reduction as an outcome, they are looking for instruments to measure sustaining changes in the unconscious mental functioning. In this article it is discussed that conceptually well-founded transformation of manifest dreams analyzed with precise empirical methods could be considered as a promising indicator for such therapeutic changes. We are summarizing a dream generation model by Moser and von Zeppelin which has integrated a large interdisciplinary knowledge base of contemporary dream and sleep research. Based on this model the authors have developed a valid and reliable coding system for analyzing manifest dreams, the Zurich Dream Process Coding System (ZDPCS). One exemplary dream from the beginning and one from the third year of a severely traumatized, chronic depressed patient from the LAC Depression Study collected in psychoanalytic sessions as well as in the sleep laboratory have been analyzed applying the ZDPCS. Authors hypothesize that transformation in dreams as measured with the ZDPCS is the result of memory processes of traumatic embodied memories in the state of dreaming.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Injuries Sustained by Elite Under-18 Rugby Players

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 1187-1191
Author(s):  
Cristian Solis-Mencia ◽  
Juan José Ramos-Álvarez ◽  
Roberto Murias-Lozano ◽  
Mikel Aramberri ◽  
José Carlos Saló
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Physical Nature ◽  
Main Outcome Measure ◽  
The Third ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The World ◽  
Rugby Players

Context The physical nature of rugby is responsible for the high incidence of injuries, but no researchers have examined the epidemiology of injuries sustained by elite under-18 rugby players. Objective To investigate the incidence of injuries sustained by players on the Spanish national under-18 rugby team during their participation in 4 European championships (2014–2017) and the types of play in which they occurred. Design Cohort study. Setting European rugby championships. Patients or Other Participants Ninety-eight under-18 rugby players. Main Outcome Measure(s) All injuries sustained during the championship periods were recorded per the World Rugby protocol. Results A total of 40 injuries were logged over the 4 championships. The incidence of injury was higher during matches than during training (P < .05), with 138.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 136.5, 139.6) injuries per 1000 hours of play compared with 1.2 (95% CI = 1.2, 1.3) per 1000 hours of training. With only 2 days of rest between games, the injury rate was higher than with 3 days of rest (P < .05). More injuries were sustained during the third quarter of the game: 13 (44.8%) versus 6 (20.6%) in the last quarter, 5 (17.3%) in the second quarter, and 5 (17.3%) in the first quarter. Conclusions The most common injuries during matches were sprains and concussions, and these injuries were more likely to occur during matches than during training. Most injuries were caused by tackles and occurred during the third quarter of the game. These findings indicate that teams should focus on teaching players skills to reduce injuries caused by tackles and warming up properly before returning to the field after halftime. The injury rate was higher with only 2 versus 3 days' rest between games. These results suggest that young players' matches should be at least 72 hours apart.

Today's Counter Culture: The Radical Reformation as Analogue? (Preliminary Abstract)

1971 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-56
Author(s):  
Paul Peachey
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Social Existence ◽  
Radical Reformation ◽  
Counter Culture ◽  
New Phase ◽  
As If

With Marx's assertion that social existence determines the consciousness of men rather than the reverse, the ancient debate concerning freedom and necessity entered a new phase. Yet another dimension was added when Freud discovered the unconscious powers of the psyche. Subsequently, although thought has vacillated between the sociological and the psychological modes of analysis, both have underscored the deterministic sources of human behavior. Meanwhile, as if this were not enough, the assimilation of human behavior to nature, and thus also to the empirical methods of science and technology, has assured the total triumph of determinism.

scholarly journals Organology of Dreams and Archi-Cinema (

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (47) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stiegler Bernard
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
The Third ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cinematic Time ◽  
The One

Stiegler argued in Cinematic Time and the Question of Malaise (the third volume of Technics and Time) that we must refer to archi-cinema just as Derrida spoke of archi-writing. In this article he proposes that in principle the dream is the primordial form of this archi-cinema. The archi-cinema of consciousness, of which dreams would be the matrix as archi-cinema of the unconscious, is the projection resulting from the play between what Husserl called, on the one hand, primary and secondary retentions, and what Stiegler, on the other hand, calls tertiary retentions, which are the hypomnesic traces (that is, the mnemo-technical traces) of conscious and unconscious life. There is archi-cinema to the extent that for any noetic act – for example, in an act of perception – consciousness projects its object. This projection is a montage, of which tertiary (hypomnesic) retentions form the fabric, as well as constituting both the supports and the cutting room. This indicates that archi-cinema has a history, a history conditioned by the history of tertiary retentions. It also means that there is an organology of dreams.

scholarly journals Theory of global neuronal workspace by S. Dehaene

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-102
Author(s):  
T.O. Provolovich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Research Programs ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The Brain

The article deals with a methodological analysis of S. Dehaene’s theory of the global neural workspace. The French neuroscientist criticizes philosophical theories of consciousness because they do not use experimentally confirmed data. Also, he rejects such concepts of consciousness as wakefulness and attention, since they primarily describe the work of the unconscious, and not consciousness. Therefore, he suggests a way to study consciousness that would be solely based on empirical methods and provide univocal neural correlates that could be used to track the transition of a stimulus received in the brain from the unconscious to the conscious area. S. Dehaene’s research team offers four such correlates, or “signature” of consciousness, the last of which demonstrates the transition of activity from different, specialized parts of the brain to the entire neural network. Also, he believes that due to the development of neuroscientific methods of consciousness research and technologies for reading and decrypting neuroactivity in the near future, it will be possible to “read minds”, which means the reproduction of both individual conscious states and consciousness as a whole on artificial systems. This theory is not a fundamentally new way of studying consciousness, since it develops the ideas put forward by B. Baars at the end of the XX century. Based on the theory of the global neural workspace, the article attempts to identify the main misconceptions of neurobiological theories of consciousness, outlining the direction of research programs of consciousness and the brain as interrelated parts, and determining their prospects in solving the problem of consciousness.

A Linguistically Sortable Bengali Coding System and Its Application in Spell Checking

2011 ◽  
pp. 251-258
Author(s):  
M. Manzur Murshed ◽  
Mahbubur Rahman Syed ◽  
M. Kaykobad
Keyword(s):  
Search Engine ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Important Application ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
Basic Properties ◽  
The Third ◽  
Coding Scheme

By developing an inter-scheme text conversion utility, we have established in (Murshed et al., 1998) that use of non-lossy transformation instead of lossy transformation for sorting Bengali texts in linguistic order has some extra benefit. In this paper we discuss another very important application of non-lossy transformation by developing an efficient spell checking application for Bengali texts based on the internal coding scheme with non-lossy transformation. As usual, the handling of compound letters remains the key area where a Bengali text speller differs from its counterparts in other languages. Here we establish that using of the internal coding scheme in designing the dictionary and developing suggestion generating search engine not only provides a spell checking solution which is independent of any specific primary coding scheme but also assists in designing layered solution for efficient modularization and maintenance of coding. This chapter is organized as follows. In the next section we present the basic properties of Bengali script. For the sake of completeness, some results and algorithms on sorting Bengali texts in linguistic order, developed in (Murshed et al., 1998), are given in the third section. In the fourth section, we discuss various issues of developing an efficient primary coding scheme independent spell checking application based on our solution to linguistically sorting Bengali texts. The final section concludes the paper.

Freud on the Acropolis

2019 ◽  
pp. 65-90
Author(s):  
Vered Lev Kenaan
Keyword(s):  
Personal History ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Classical Education ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Short Essay ◽  
Materiality Of The Text ◽  
At Home

Freud’s essay “A Disturbance of Memory on the Acropolis” is the focus of the third chapter. Freud’s short essay revisits an enigmatic memory from the visit to the Acropolis. Two different yet inseparable themes surface in the text; the chapter unravels their connectedness through their relation to the cultural and intellectual dual origins of Freud’s upbringing. In the essay the twofold thematics of Freud’s Jewish background at home and his classical education in the gymnasium intersect, creating a picture of a life of duality, ambivalence, and internal contradictions. The cultural intersection between Athens and Jerusalem constitutes the essence of Freud’s personal history and is responsible for the creation of his indissolubly tangled narrative. The chapter deals with the notion of the woven materiality of the text, the inner ties between antiquity and modernity, as well as those between Freud’s past and present, and the unconscious language of analogies.

The Metaphysical Dimension of Dialogicity

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-91
Author(s):  
Slobodanka Vladiv-Glover
Keyword(s):  
Salient Feature ◽  
Narrative Structure ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Stream Of Consciousness ◽  
Structural Dimension ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Unconscious Processes ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
The Third ◽  
Definition Of

In this essay, a theoretical connection is posited between the “third type” of word in Mikhail Bakhtin’s typology of discourse, and the phenomenological gaze as defined by Maurice Merleau-Ponty. Starting from an aesthetic definition of perception, originating in Charles Baudelaire’s “Salon” series on art, the essay goes on to claim that in Dostoevsky’s works, Bakhtin uncovered the representation of the process of perception, encapsulated in the representation of “the word” (slovo) as a function of the unconscious processes of language. In Dostoevsky’s poetics, this represented word is the word in the stream-of-consciousness of his fictional characters which defines the embedded narrative structure of the polyphonic novel. However, Dostoevsky’s dialogic word, as described by Bakhtin, is an on-stage embodiment of dialogicity in the communication situation. This dialogic word transcends the structural dimension of narrative. The point of view, which Bakhtin describes as the entire mental orientedness («цeльнaя дуxoвнaя уcтaнoвкa») of the speaker, belongs to the phenomenology of “the gaze,” which is outlined in aesthetics and poststructural (psychoanalytic) theory as the salient feature of representation in the art and literature of modernity.

scholarly journals The Language-Culture Link in Exolinguistic Tourism Service Encounters

LETRAS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (58) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Joan Marie Boes Naderer
Keyword(s):  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Service Encounters ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
The Third ◽  
Tourism Service ◽  
Pragmatics Of Communication ◽  
Service Interactions

This article discusses four aspects related to cultural and linguistic interaction within exolinguistic communication prevalent in tourism. The first aspect refers to the role of culture as an essential part of linguistic exchanges, and the second explains the unconscious nature of socialization and language processes. The third aspect is the pragmatics of communication in exolinguistic service interactions, and the fourth approaches the role of habitus in intercultural communication in tourism.Este artículo trata cuatro aspectos relacionados con la interacción entre la cultura y el idioma, en el contexto exolingüístico del sector turístico. Un primer aspecto se refiere al papel de la cultura en los intercambios lingüísticos; el segundo explica la naturaleza inconsciente de los procesos de la socialización y el idioma; el tercer aspecto se refiere a la pragmática de la comunicación en las interacciones exolingüísticas de servicio; y el cuarto aspecto expone el papel del habitus en la comunicación intercultural en el turismo. 

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