scholarly journals Targeting Parenting Quality to Reduce Early Life Adversity Impacts on Lifespan Cardiometabolic Risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria E. Bleil ◽  
Susan J. Spieker ◽  
Cathryn Booth-LaForce
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
Parenting Quality ◽  
Family Based

Mounting evidence that early life adversity (ELA) exposures confer risk for cardiometabolic disease over the lifespan motivated this narrative review to examine parenting quality as a potential intervention target to reduce ELA exposures or mitigate their impact as a way of reducing or preventing cardiometabolic disease. We describe findings from the limited number of family-based intervention studies in ELA-exposed children that have tested parenting impacts on cardiometabolic health outcomes. We then describe the implications of this work and make recommendations for future research that will move this field forward.

Early Life Adversity and Adult Health

2018 ◽  
pp. 48-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia S. Levine ◽  
Gregory E. Miller ◽  
Margie E. Lachman ◽  
Teresa E. Seeman ◽  
Edith Chen
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Parental Maltreatment

Research has shown that early life adversity can have implications for health later in life. Specifically, socioeconomic disadvantage, parental maltreatment, and parent divorce and death in childhood have been linked to cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and mortality in adulthood. Increasingly, recent research has focused on which factors can protect against these poor health outcomes and what promotes resilience, despite early life adversity. This chapter reviews research linking early life adversity to health, with a focus on highlighting the psychosocial factors that play this type of protective role. These factors include social and relational ones, such as maternal nurturance, as well as beliefs and coping strategies. The chapter concludes by suggesting areas of future research, including additional investigation of which psychosocial factors protect health, how multiple psychosocial factors might interact to protect health, and how early life adversity might affect adult health across different groups throughout the life span.

scholarly journals Early Life Adversity with Height Stunting Is Associated with Cardiometabolic Risk in Adolescents Independent of Body Mass Index

2018 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brie M. Reid ◽  
Michelle M. Harbin ◽  
Jessica L. Arend ◽  
Aaron S. Kelly ◽  
Donald R. Dengel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Early Life Adversity

Abstract P240: Discrimination Mediates the Adverse Effect of Neighborhood Problems on Cardiometabolic Risk Among Latino/a Adults

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Neighborhood Problems

Introduction: Latino/as in the US on average present with low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and high body-mass index (BMI), putting them at higher risk for future cardiometabolic disease. Neighborhoods have been implicated, directly and indirectly, in poorer cardiometabolic health among ethnic minorities. US Latino/as often live in neighborhoods where they may not have access to engage in positive health behaviors, such as proper diet and physical activity. However, the mediating role of discrimination experienced in these neighborhoods has hardly been examined within the context of Latino/a cardiometabolic health. Methods: We analyzed data from the Texas City Stress and Health Study. Participants were self-identified Latino/a/Hispanic ( N = 500, 61.8% female, M age = 49.08, SD age = 15.80) who reported on their perceived experience of discrimination (higher scores reflecting more discrimination) and their perception of their neighborhood (higher scores reflecting more positive environment) validated survey measures. A trained phlebotomist drew blood in a clinic or in the participant’s home between 8 and 11 AM after fasting for HDL (mg/dL). Blood samples were centrifuged to obtain plasma, which was stored at –70°C until testing. All specimen were batch analyzed and read blind-coded. Additionally, they took clinical measures of participant’s height and weight, to calculate BMI (adjusted for sex). To estimate the mediating effect of discrimination through perception of neighborhood on cardiometabolic risk, path analysis with bootstrapped linear regression models were conducted. We conducted analyses unadjusted and adjusted for age, sex, education, and nativity. All analyses were conducted in the PROCESS macro in SPSS. Results: Participants on average had high HDL levels ( M mg/dL = 51.00, SD = 15.59). Males on average were overweight ( M BMI = 29.78, SD = 5.49) and females ( M BMI = 31.42, SD = 7.27) on average were obese. Bootstrapped estimates showed that perception of neighborhood fully mediated the effect of discrimination on HDL (b = -.43, SE = .18 p = .015) and BMI (b = .02, SE = .01, p = .023), unadjusted for covariates. Although the fully mediated model for BMI withstood adjustment for covariates, the model for HDL did not withstand adjustment. Conclusion: Discrimination accounts for the negative impact that neighborhood problems have on poor cardiometabolic health among adult Latino/as. Future research should examine how positive neighborhood interactions (e.g., walking clubs or playgroups) can mitigate the adverse effects on cardiometabolic health among this at-risk population.

Addiction, inequality and recovery

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Svanberg
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
Health Equality ◽  
Societal Inequality ◽  
Rich Countries ◽  
The Impact

This chapter examines the impact of health inequalities on addiction and how the recommendations of the Marmot Review could influence recovery from addiction. The Marmot Review was tasked with devising strategies to reduce health inequalities in England, and rightly recognised that health equality requires a debate about what kind of society we want to live in. When considering societies as a whole, there is a clearer relationship between poor health outcomes and societal inequality; rich countries with a steep social gradient do worse than poorer, but more equal, countries. The chapter first provides an overview of factors that cause substance use and addiction before discussing the role of early life adversity in addiction and the link between inequality and addiction. More specifically, it explains how unequal societies lead to addiction and goes on to consider how society can support recovery from addiction.

783 Early Life Adversity and Central Symptoms of Sleep Disturbance: A Network Analysis

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A304-A305
Author(s):  
Francisco Marquez ◽  
Andrea Decker ◽  
Jennifer Taber ◽  
Mengya Xia ◽  
Matthew Cribbet
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes

Abstract Introduction Individuals with early life adversity (ELA) experience a greater likelihood of sleep disturbance. Sleep disturbance is a hypothesized mechanism underlying the association between ELA and adverse health outcomes. However, it is unclear whether sleep disturbance presents differently in individuals with ELA when compared to individuals without ELA. Network analysis provides an analytic framework to examine the relationships and magnitudes of association between symptoms of sleep disturbance. Using a network framework, we investigated the differences in sleep disturbance symptoms between individuals with ELA and individuals without ELA. Methods College students (N=507; age=18±1, Female=72%) completed demographic measures, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index using an online data collection platform from March-December 2020. Using clinical cutoffs, individuals with ELA were separated from individuals without ELA. Using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI; alpha=0.79), sleep disturbance was assessed. Two 7-node ELA-specific networks were generated using raw values for the 7 components of the PSQI. To assess network accuracy, stability coefficients were estimated using the ‘bootnet’ and ‘qgraph’ packages in R. The strength of association between each component and all other components of sleep disturbance were estimated using expected influence (EI). Network structures and measures of EI were examined for differences between exposure groups. Results Overall, the average global PSQI score was 7.50±3.37. Individuals with ELA had larger global PSQI scores when compared to individuals without ELA (8.18 versus 6.97, t=3.8, p<0.001, d=0.37). For individuals with ELA, sleep quality, duration, and efficiency were most associated with other symptoms of sleep disturbance. For individuals without ELA, subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, and daytime dysfunction were most related to other symptoms of sleep disturbance. Individuals with ELA demonstrated a more interrelated network structure, with greater raw measures of EI in most components of the PSQI. Conclusion For individuals with ELA, duration and efficiency strongly underly sleep disturbance. Moreover, most symptoms had greater measures of EI in individuals with ELA when compared to individuals without ELA, suggesting that symptoms of sleep disturbance may be more likely to co-occur in individuals with ELA. Future research may explore the utility of these symptoms in predicting adverse health outcomes. Support (if any):

scholarly journals Population DNA methylation studies in the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) framework

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Felix ◽  
C. A. M. Cecil
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanism ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Developmental Origins ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Health And Disease

AbstractEpigenetic changes represent a potential mechanism underlying associations of early-life exposures and later life health outcomes. Population-based cohort studies starting in early life are an attractive framework to study the role of such changes. DNA methylation is the most studied epigenetic mechanism in population research. We discuss the application of DNA methylation in early-life population studies, some recent findings, key challenges and recommendations for future research. Studies into DNA methylation within the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease framework generally either explore associations between prenatal exposures and offspring DNA methylation or associations between offspring DNA methylation in early life and later health outcomes. Only a few studies to date have integrated prospective exposure, epigenetic and phenotypic data in order to explicitly test the role of DNA methylation as a potential biological mediator of environmental effects on health outcomes. Population epigenetics is an emerging field which has challenges in terms of methodology and interpretation of the data. Key challenges include tissue specificity, cell type adjustment, issues of power and comparability of findings, genetic influences, and exploring causality and functional consequences. Ongoing studies are working on addressing these issues. Large collaborative efforts of prospective cohorts are emerging, with clear benefits in terms of optimizing power and use of resources, and in advancing methodology. In the future, multidisciplinary approaches, within and beyond longitudinal birth and preconception cohorts will advance this complex, but highly promising, the field of research.

scholarly journals Dietary intakes of flavan-3-ols and cardiometabolic health: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials and prospective cohort studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 1067-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gowri Raman ◽  
Esther E Avendano ◽  
Siyu Chen ◽  
Jiaqi Wang ◽  
Julia Matson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Prospective Cohorts ◽  
Cvd Mortality

ABSTRACT Background Although available data suggest that some dietary flavan-3-ol sources reduce cardiometabolic risk, to our knowledge no review has systematically synthesized their specific contribution. Objective We aimed to examine, for the first time, if there is consistent evidence that higher flavan-3-ol intake, irrespective of dietary source, reduces cardiometabolic risk. Methods MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, and Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau abstracts were searched for prospective cohorts and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from 1946 to March 2019 on flavan-3-ol intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Random-effects models meta-analysis was used. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach assessed the strength of evidence. Results Of 15 prospective cohorts (23 publications), 4 found highest compared with lowest habitual intakes of flavan-3-ols were associated with a 13% reduction in risk of CVD mortality and 2 found a 19% reduction in risk of chronic heart disease (CHD) incidence. Highest compared with lowest habitual intakes of monomers were associated with a reduction in risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (n = 5) and stroke (n = 4) (10% and 18%, respectively). No association was found for hypertension. Of 156 RCTs, flavan-3-ol intervention resulted in significant improvements in acute/chronic flow-mediated dilation (FMD), systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol (TC), LDL and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides (TGs), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). All analyses, except HbA1c, were associated with moderate/high heterogeneity. When analyses were limited to good methodological quality studies, improvements in TC, HDL cholesterol, SBP, DBP, HOMA-IR, and acute/chronic FMD remained significant. In GRADE evaluations, there was moderate evidence in cohort studies that flavan-3-ol and monomer intakes were associated with reduced risk of CVD mortality, CHD, stroke, and T2DM, whereas RCTs reported improved TC, HDL cholesterol, SBP, and HOMA-IR. Conclusions Available evidence supports a beneficial effect of flavan-3-ol intake on cardiometabolic outcomes, but there was considerable heterogeneity in the meta-analysis. Future research should focus on an integrated intake/biomarker approach in cohorts and high-quality dose–response RCTs. This review was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ as CRD42018035782.

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