Abstract P240: Discrimination Mediates the Adverse Effect of Neighborhood Problems on Cardiometabolic Risk Among Latino/a Adults

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Neighborhood Problems

Introduction: Latino/as in the US on average present with low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and high body-mass index (BMI), putting them at higher risk for future cardiometabolic disease. Neighborhoods have been implicated, directly and indirectly, in poorer cardiometabolic health among ethnic minorities. US Latino/as often live in neighborhoods where they may not have access to engage in positive health behaviors, such as proper diet and physical activity. However, the mediating role of discrimination experienced in these neighborhoods has hardly been examined within the context of Latino/a cardiometabolic health. Methods: We analyzed data from the Texas City Stress and Health Study. Participants were self-identified Latino/a/Hispanic ( N = 500, 61.8% female, M age = 49.08, SD age = 15.80) who reported on their perceived experience of discrimination (higher scores reflecting more discrimination) and their perception of their neighborhood (higher scores reflecting more positive environment) validated survey measures. A trained phlebotomist drew blood in a clinic or in the participant’s home between 8 and 11 AM after fasting for HDL (mg/dL). Blood samples were centrifuged to obtain plasma, which was stored at –70°C until testing. All specimen were batch analyzed and read blind-coded. Additionally, they took clinical measures of participant’s height and weight, to calculate BMI (adjusted for sex). To estimate the mediating effect of discrimination through perception of neighborhood on cardiometabolic risk, path analysis with bootstrapped linear regression models were conducted. We conducted analyses unadjusted and adjusted for age, sex, education, and nativity. All analyses were conducted in the PROCESS macro in SPSS. Results: Participants on average had high HDL levels ( M mg/dL = 51.00, SD = 15.59). Males on average were overweight ( M BMI = 29.78, SD = 5.49) and females ( M BMI = 31.42, SD = 7.27) on average were obese. Bootstrapped estimates showed that perception of neighborhood fully mediated the effect of discrimination on HDL (b = -.43, SE = .18 p = .015) and BMI (b = .02, SE = .01, p = .023), unadjusted for covariates. Although the fully mediated model for BMI withstood adjustment for covariates, the model for HDL did not withstand adjustment. Conclusion: Discrimination accounts for the negative impact that neighborhood problems have on poor cardiometabolic health among adult Latino/as. Future research should examine how positive neighborhood interactions (e.g., walking clubs or playgroups) can mitigate the adverse effects on cardiometabolic health among this at-risk population.

scholarly journals Targeting Parenting Quality to Reduce Early Life Adversity Impacts on Lifespan Cardiometabolic Risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria E. Bleil ◽  
Susan J. Spieker ◽  
Cathryn Booth-LaForce
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
Parenting Quality ◽  
Family Based

Mounting evidence that early life adversity (ELA) exposures confer risk for cardiometabolic disease over the lifespan motivated this narrative review to examine parenting quality as a potential intervention target to reduce ELA exposures or mitigate their impact as a way of reducing or preventing cardiometabolic disease. We describe findings from the limited number of family-based intervention studies in ELA-exposed children that have tested parenting impacts on cardiometabolic health outcomes. We then describe the implications of this work and make recommendations for future research that will move this field forward.

How can the silence be broken? Caring ethical climate and employee silence

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Huiqin Zhang ◽  
Wenyi Cao
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Climate ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Psychological Safety ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Employee Silence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Chinese Individual

Employee silence has been regarded as a significant factor related to many organizational outcomes; thus, breaking the silence has become a need for companies, and has attracted academic interest. We investigated the relationship between a caring ethical organizational climate and three dimensions of employee silence (i.e., acquiescent, defensive, and indifferent), as well as the mediating effect of psychological safety and the moderating effect of Chinese individual traditionality in this relationship. We conducted a survey with 568 employees of 50 Chinese companies. Our findings confirm that a caring ethical climate had a significant negative impact on all three dimensions of silence. Psychological safety mediated the relationship between caring ethical climate and both acquiescent and defensive employee silence, but its effect on the relationship between caring ethical climate and indifferent silence was nonsignificant. Chinese individual traditionality significantly moderated the impact of employees' psychological safety on all three of the silence dimensions. Implications of these results for future research and how managers of companies can break employees' silence are discussed.

Abstract MP03: The Association of the Parent-Child Acculturation Gap With Obesity and Cardiometabolic Risk in Hispanic/Latino Youth: Results From the Hispanic Community Children's Health Study/Study of Latino Youth (SOL Youth)

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madison N LeCroy ◽  
Garrett M Strizich ◽  
Linda C Gallo ◽  
Krista M Perreira ◽  
Guadalupe X Ayala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Latino Youth ◽  
Children's Health ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Acculturation Gap ◽  
Hispanic Community ◽  
Parent Child

Introduction: Hispanic/Latino youth are disproportionately burdened by obesity and have a high prevalence of pre-diabetes and dyslipidemia. Acculturation may help explain this elevated cardiometabolic risk. Within immigrant families, parents and children acculturate at different rates. A difference in the degree of acculturation, known as the “acculturation gap”, between parents and their children has been associated with behaviors that may increase cardiometabolic risk in youth. However, no previous studies have investigated the association between the parent-child acculturation gap and cardiometabolic health. Hypothesis: We tested whether greater gaps in parent-child acculturation were associated with worse cardiometabolic health in Hispanic/Latino youth. Methods: Hispanic/Latino youth ( n =1466, 8-16-year-olds) and parents from the Hispanic Community Children’s Health Study/Study of Latino Youth (SOL Youth) were examined. Mean scores on the Brief Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans-II (ARSMA-II) Anglo and Latino Orientation Scales (AOS and LOS, respectively) were used to represent parent and youth acculturation. The Brief ARSMA-II primarily assesses language use patterns on a 5-point Likert-type scale, with higher scores on the AOS indicating a preference for English and higher scores on the LOS indicating a preference for Spanish. Cardiometabolic markers included youth body mass index (BMI) percentile, blood pressure percentiles, fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, HbA1c, cholesterol, triglycerides, and hsCRP. Missing data were addressed using multiple imputation. Survey-weighted multivariable linear regression examined associations of youth, parent, and youth x parent (the acculturation gap) scores for the AOS and LOS scales separately with each cardiometabolic marker. Results: On average, compared to their parents, youth reported a greater preference for English and a lower preference for Spanish (AOS=4.2 vs. 2.7; LOS=3.1 vs. 4.2, respectively). Greater discordance (i.e., an acculturation gap) in parent and youth AOS scores was associated with elevated BMI percentile only (p-for-interaction≤0.001). The LOS acculturation gap was not associated with any cardiometabolic measures. Adjustment for acculturative stress, family functioning and closeness, parenting style, and youth’s diet and physical activity did not alter the findings. Removal of non-significant acculturation gaps indicated an inverse association between parent AOS score and youth SBP percentile (β=-2.47, 95% CI: -4.73, -0.21) and between parent LOS score and youth total cholesterol (β=-2.87, 95% CI: -5.52, -0.21). Conclusions: Discrepancies in English language use in parent-child dyads may relate to increased obesity risk in Hispanic/Latino youth. Future studies are needed to identify mediators of this association, such as general stress and English language fluency.

scholarly journals Dietary intakes of flavan-3-ols and cardiometabolic health: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials and prospective cohort studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 1067-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gowri Raman ◽  
Esther E Avendano ◽  
Siyu Chen ◽  
Jiaqi Wang ◽  
Julia Matson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Prospective Cohorts ◽  
Cvd Mortality

ABSTRACT Background Although available data suggest that some dietary flavan-3-ol sources reduce cardiometabolic risk, to our knowledge no review has systematically synthesized their specific contribution. Objective We aimed to examine, for the first time, if there is consistent evidence that higher flavan-3-ol intake, irrespective of dietary source, reduces cardiometabolic risk. Methods MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, and Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau abstracts were searched for prospective cohorts and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from 1946 to March 2019 on flavan-3-ol intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Random-effects models meta-analysis was used. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach assessed the strength of evidence. Results Of 15 prospective cohorts (23 publications), 4 found highest compared with lowest habitual intakes of flavan-3-ols were associated with a 13% reduction in risk of CVD mortality and 2 found a 19% reduction in risk of chronic heart disease (CHD) incidence. Highest compared with lowest habitual intakes of monomers were associated with a reduction in risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (n = 5) and stroke (n = 4) (10% and 18%, respectively). No association was found for hypertension. Of 156 RCTs, flavan-3-ol intervention resulted in significant improvements in acute/chronic flow-mediated dilation (FMD), systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol (TC), LDL and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides (TGs), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). All analyses, except HbA1c, were associated with moderate/high heterogeneity. When analyses were limited to good methodological quality studies, improvements in TC, HDL cholesterol, SBP, DBP, HOMA-IR, and acute/chronic FMD remained significant. In GRADE evaluations, there was moderate evidence in cohort studies that flavan-3-ol and monomer intakes were associated with reduced risk of CVD mortality, CHD, stroke, and T2DM, whereas RCTs reported improved TC, HDL cholesterol, SBP, and HOMA-IR. Conclusions Available evidence supports a beneficial effect of flavan-3-ol intake on cardiometabolic outcomes, but there was considerable heterogeneity in the meta-analysis. Future research should focus on an integrated intake/biomarker approach in cohorts and high-quality dose–response RCTs. This review was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ as CRD42018035782.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Metabolites and Cardiometabolic Risk Among Older Puerto Ricans: Findings from the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1378-1378
Author(s):  
Shilpa Bhupathiraju ◽  
Megu Baden ◽  
Danielle Haslam ◽  
Liming Liang ◽  
Clary Clish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Puerto Ricans ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Objectives Puerto Ricans are the second-largest Hispanic sub-group and have high rates of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Yet, there is limited understanding of the molecular pathways that contribute to cardiometabolic risk in this high-risk group. We hypothesized that circulating gut microbiota metabolites, which have been linked to T2D risk in non-Hispanic whites, are associated with a higher T2D likelihood and cardiometabolic risk markers among older Puerto Ricans. Methods We developed a case-control study within the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (BPRHS) with 275 prevalent T2D cases and 275 age and sex matched controls (mean age = 58.1 y, 71% female). We used LC/MS to measure baseline plasma gut microbiota metabolites (L-carnitine, betaine, choline, trimethylamine oxide [TMAO], and betaine: choline). We used conditional logistic regression to model the likelihood of prevalent T2D for each standard deviation (SD) increase in metabolites. Among controls free of T2D, we examined cross-sectional and prospective (2-year) linear associations (β [SD]) between metabolites and glycemia and dyslipidemia measures. Results After multivariable adjustment, significant differences in T2D likelihood [OR (95% CI)] were observed for each SD increase in L-carnitine [0.78 (0.62–0.99)], choline [1.33 (1.05–1.68)], betaine: choline [0.69 (0.54–0.88)], and TMAO [1.32 (1.04–1.67)]. We replicated findings for L-carnitine and betaine: choline in the WHI metabolomics study. Among BPRHS controls, cross-sectionally, higher betaine was associated with lower HOMA-IR (−9.97 [3.02]), insulin (−9.78 [2.83]), triglycerides (−11.4 [2.54]), and higher HDL-C (2.05 [0.65]). Prospectively, higher betaine and betaine: choline were associated with lower HOMA-IR (betaine −11.5 [3.63], betaine: choline −9.57 [3.68]), insulin (betaine −9.21 [3.27], betaine: choline −8.01 [3.31]), and glucose (betaine −2.17 [0.74], betaine: choline −1.58 [0.76]) concentrations, while higher choline was prospectively associated with higher triglycerides (5.17 [2.09]). No associations were seen between L-carnitine, TMAO, and cardiometabolic markers among controls. Conclusions Plasma betaine, choline, and betaine: choline may be markers of cardiometabolic risk in this high-risk population. Future research should examine dietary and lifestyle correlates of betaine and choline. Funding Sources NIH.

scholarly journals ‘I Sat Filling in This Form While Smoking and It Was Divine’. An Analysis of Free-Text Comments from Smokers Who Report They Have No Intention of Quitting in the Next Six Months

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sweeney-Magee ◽  
D. Kale ◽  
A. Hamill ◽  
H. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Smoking Behaviour ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Quit Attempts

Introduction: Smokers unmotivated to quit are neglected by smoking cessation research. Free-text comment analysis is a potentially useful way to gain insight into this group's beliefs.Aims: To analyse the free-text comments provided by smokers unmotivated to quit as part of a randomized controlled trial of computer-tailored feedback for smoking cessation.Method: A random sample of 58,660 smokers were sent a smoking behaviour questionnaire (SBQ). The responses and follow-up outcomes of those providing free-text comments were compared to those who did not to assess the representativeness of the former group of smokers. The comments of participants unmotivated to quit (631) were thematically analysed.Results: Those who provided a comment differed from those who did not on variables including education level and quit attempts at six-month follow-up. Emergent themes included; justification of smoking and restricting smoking instead of quitting.Conclusions: The findings illustrate the value of free-text comments in identifying issues important to respondents. The identified themes highlight areas for future research in smokers unmotivated to quit including cutting down as a path to quitting and explicit messages regarding the inability of positive health behaviours to balance out the negative impact of smoking on health.Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN05385712.

Relationship of budget participation conflict and job performance of South Korean managers

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 608-629
Author(s):  
Maria A. Leach-López ◽  
William W. Stammerjohan ◽  
Eunsuh Lee ◽  
Claire Allison Stammerjohan
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Job Performance ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Job Tenure ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Content Type ◽  
South Korean

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of budget participation conflict (BPC) on job performance and the mediating effect of job satisfaction and job tenure on this relationship in a South Korean setting. BPC is defined as the difference between a manager’s actual budget participation and the same manager’s preferred level of budget participation. Design/methodology/approach – Survey data, analyzed using path analysis, were used to measure the direct effect of BPC on performance, and the indirect effects between BPC and performance running through job satisfaction and job tenure. Findings – Findings suggest that BPC does not directly impact job performance. Overall, this study suggests that BPC has a negative impact on job satisfaction and that job satisfaction in turn can significantly influence job performance. The authors also find some marginal effect of job satisfaction on job tenure, implying that increasing satisfaction can marginally increase job tenure. Research limitations/implications – Limitations of this study are those usually found in cross-sectional survey research. Originality/value – Despite its limitations, this study has both academic and practical implications. The study adds to the job performance literature in an Asian country which has not been widely researched. The study also finds that managers’ job performance and job satisfaction can be improved by minimizing BPC. Future research should study other variables that influence job performance of South Korean managers.

Applying personalized medicine to adult severe asthma

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. e8-e16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelica Tiotiu
Keyword(s):  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Severe Asthma ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Target Therapy ◽  
Asthma Management ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Biologic Therapies ◽  
Eosinophilic Asthma ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Structured Approach

Background: Severe asthma is a heterogeneous disease that consists of various phenotypes driven by different pathways. Associated with significant morbidity, an important negative impact on the quality of life of patients, and increased health care costs, severe asthma represents a challenge for the clinician. With the introduction of various antibodies that target type 2 inflammation (T2) pathways, severe asthma therapy is gradually moving to a personalized medicine approach. Objective: The purpose of this review was to emphasize the important role of personalized medicine in adult severe asthma management. Methods: An extensive research was conducted in medical literature data bases by applying terms such as “severe asthma” associated with “structured approach,” “comorbidities,” “biomarkers,” “phenotypes/endotypes,” and “biologic therapies.” Results: The management of severe asthma starts with a structured approach to confirm the diagnosis, assess the adherence to medications and identify confounding factors and comorbidities. The definition of phenotypes or endotypes (phenotypes defined by mechanisms and identified through biomarkers) is an important step toward the use of personalized medicine in asthma. Severe allergic and nonallergic eosinophilic asthma are two defined T2 phenotypes for which there are efficacious targeted biologic therapies currently available. Non-T2 phenotype remains to be characterized, and less efficient target therapy exists. Conclusion: Despite important progress in applying personalized medicine to severe asthma, especially in T2 inflammatory phenotypes, future research is needed to find valid biomarkers predictive for the response to available biologic therapies to develop more effective therapies in non-T2 phenotype.

Employees' Perceptions of the Effects of Retrenchment on Job Stress and Organisational Commitment in a Mining Company

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Landiswa Seteni ◽  
Pierre Joubert ◽  
Manilall Dhurup
Keyword(s):  
Job Stress ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Surface Mining ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Organisational Commitment ◽  
Consultation Process ◽  
Mining Company ◽  
Time Stress

Over the past decade, South African organisations have had to cope with an ever-increasing rate of local and global changes. There have been considerable and ongoing socio-political changes, resulting from new government regulations. Most organisations have experienced some type of downturn, whether due to external business factors or poor internal performance. A typical response to organisational decline is retrenchment. Our study sought to explore employees’ perceptions of the effects of retrenchment on job stress and organisational commitment in a mining company. The study was located within a quantitative research paradigm. Four research hypotheses were posited and data was collected in one region from a sample of 400 surface mining employees, including management, administrators, engineers and artisans. The results showed that the effects of retrenchment did not have a negative impact on job stress (time stress and anxiety). This may be due to the fact that the mining company in question had a planning and consultation process in place for the employees prior to the retrenchment process. The results also showed that job stress (time stress and anxiety) was negatively associated with organisational commitment. To conclude this article we discuss the implications of our findings, outline the limitations of our study and make recommendations for future research.

scholarly journals Protocol for a systematic review on the experience of informal caregivers for people with a moderate to advanced dementia within a domestic home setting

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles James ◽  
Catherine Walshe ◽  
Katherine Froggatt
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Informal Caregivers ◽  
Informal Caregiving ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Advanced Dementia ◽  
Home Setting ◽  
Search Terms

Abstract Background The knowledge about the experience of informal caregivers who provide care to people with moderate to advanced dementia in a domestic home setting is limited. A consequence of long hours of caregiving in addition to dealing with normal challenges of daily living is their experience of a poor quality of life. Some of their experiences may be described in terms of a feeling of powerlessness to make changes during care provision. This feeling may also suggest an experience of moral distress. The aim of this systematic review is to synthesise qualitative evidence relating to these experiences. Methods This review adopts a narrative synthesis approach. A search will be conducted for studies written in the English language in the bibliographic databases MEDLINE Complete, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Academic Search Complete covering periods from 1984 to present. Included studies will be qualitative or mixed-methods designs. The search terms will be related to dementia and caregivers, and the process will be focused on dementia at the moderate to the advanced stages within the domestic home setting. Reference lists of included papers will also be searched for additional relevant citations. Search terms and strategies will be checked by two independent reviewers. The identification of abstracts and full texts of studies will be done by the author, while the quality and the risk of bias will also be checked by the two independent reviewers. Discussion Psychological distress is cited as an experience reported within informal caregiving. For the caregiver, it is associated with a negative impact on general health. To date, no synthesis exists on the specific experience of informal caregiving for people with moderate to advanced dementia within the domestic home setting. This review considers that variation of accounts contributes to how the informal caregivers’ general experience is explored in future research. This may enable gaps in current knowledge to be highlighted within the wider context of caregiving in the domestic home setting. Systematic review registration This review is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020183649).

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