scholarly journals Familiarity for Serious Mental Illness in Help-Seeking Adolescents at Clinical High Risk of Psychosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Poletti ◽  
Silvia Azzali ◽  
Federica Paterlini ◽  
Sara Garlassi ◽  
Ilaria Scazza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Mental States ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Family Risk Factors ◽  
Degree Relative

Aim: Ultrahigh-risk (UHR) individuals have an increased vulnerability to psychosis because of accumulating environmental and/or genetic risk factors. Although original research examined established risk factors for psychosis in the UHR state, these findings are scarce and often contradictory. The aims of this study were (a) to investigate the prevalence of severe mental illness (SMI) in family members of distinct subgroups of adolescents identified through the UHR criteria [i.e., non-UHR vs. UHR vs. first-episode psychosis (FEP)] and (b) to examine any relevant associations of family vulnerability and genetic risk and functioning deterioration (GRFD) syndrome with clinical and psychopathological characteristics in the UHR group.Methods: Adolescents (n = 147) completed an ad hoc sociodemographic/clinical schedule and the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States to investigate the clinical status.Results: More than 60% UHR patients had a family history of SMI, and approximately a third of them had at least a first-degree relative with psychosis or other SMI. A GRFD syndrome was detected in ~35% of UHR adolescents. GRFD adolescents showed baseline high levels of positive symptoms (especially non-bizarre ideas) and emotional disturbances (specifically, observed inappropriate affect).Conclusions: Our results confirm the importance of genetic and/or within-family risk factors in UHR adolescents, suggesting the crucial need of their early detection, also within the network of general practitioners, general hospitals, and the other community agencies (e.g., social services and school).

scholarly journals Deep transcriptome sequencing of subgenual anterior cingulate cortex reveals disorder-specific expression changes in major psychiatric disorders

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirmala Akula ◽  
Stefano Marenco ◽  
Kory Johnson ◽  
Ningping Feng ◽  
Joanna Cross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Genetic Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Subgenual Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Common Genetic Variants

ABSTRACTHow do differences in onset, symptoms, and treatment response arise between various mental illnesses despite substantial overlap of genetic risk factors? To address this question, we carried out deep RNA sequencing of human postmortem subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, a key component of limbic circuits linked to mental illness. Samples were obtained from 200 individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or major depression, and controls. Differential expression analysis in cases versus controls detected modest differences that were similar across disorders, although transcript-level differences were more pronounced. Case-case comparisons revealed greater expression differences between disorders, including many genes and transcripts that were expressed in opposite directions in each diagnostic group, compared to controls. Relative transcript abundances were associated with common genetic variants that accounted for disproportionate fractions of diagnosis-specific heritability. Inherited genetic risk factors shape the brain transcriptome and contribute to diagnostic differences between broad classes of mental illness.

Risk factors for transition to first episode psychosis among individuals with ‘at-risk mental states’

2004 ◽  
Vol 71 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 227-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Mason ◽  
Mike Startup ◽  
Sean Halpin ◽  
Ulrich Schall ◽  
Agatha Conrad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Mental States ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
At Risk Mental States

scholarly journals Deep transcriptome sequencing of subgenual anterior cingulate cortex reveals cross-diagnostic and diagnosis-specific RNA expression changes in major psychiatric disorders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirmala Akula ◽  
Stefano Marenco ◽  
Kory Johnson ◽  
Ningping Feng ◽  
Kevin Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Subgenual Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Common Genetic Variants ◽  
Gene Transcripts ◽  
The Brain

AbstractDespite strong evidence of heritability and growing discovery of genetic markers for major mental illness, little is known about how gene expression in the brain differs across psychiatric diagnoses, or how known genetic risk factors shape these differences. Here we investigate expressed genes and gene transcripts in postmortem subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC), a key component of limbic circuits linked to mental illness. RNA obtained postmortem from 200 donors diagnosed with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, major depression, or no psychiatric disorder was deeply sequenced to quantify expression of over 85,000 gene transcripts, many of which were rare. Case–control comparisons detected modest expression differences that were correlated across disorders. Case–case comparisons revealed greater expression differences, with some transcripts showing opposing patterns of expression between diagnostic groups, relative to controls. The ~250 rare transcripts that were differentially-expressed in one or more disorder groups were enriched for genes involved in synapse formation, cell junctions, and heterotrimeric G-protein complexes. Common genetic variants were associated with transcript expression (eQTL) or relative abundance of alternatively spliced transcripts (sQTL). Common genetic variants previously associated with disease risk were especially enriched for sQTLs, which together accounted for disproportionate fractions of diagnosis-specific heritability. Genetic risk factors that shape the brain transcriptome may contribute to diagnostic differences between broad classes of mental illness.

1655-P: Genetic Risk Factors for Incident Cardiovascular Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1655-P
Author(s):  
SOO HEON KWAK ◽  
JOSEP M. MERCADER ◽  
AARON LEONG ◽  
BIANCA PORNEALA ◽  
PEITAO WU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Genetic Risk Factors ◽  
Incident Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Diabetes Patients

107-OR: Novel Genetic Risk Factors Influence Islet Autoimmunity Progression

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 107-OR
Author(s):  
SUNA ONENGUT-GUMUSCU ◽  
UMA DEVI PAILA ◽  
WEI-MIN CHEN ◽  
AAKROSH RATAN ◽  
ZHENNAN ZHU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Genetic Risk Factors ◽  
Islet Autoimmunity

Risk factors associated with treatment-resistant schizophrenia in first-episode psychosis

2017 ◽  
Vol Ano 7 ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Ana Beatriz de Oliveira Assis ◽  
Jayse Gimenez Pereira Brandão ◽  
Pedro Otávio Piva Espósito ◽  
Osmar Tessari Junior ◽  
Bruno Berlucci Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Negative Syndrome

Objetivo: Ainda não está claro quais são os fatores de risco para a esquizofrenia resistente ao tratamento (ERT) em primeiro episódio psicótico (PEP). O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar indicadores de risco para ERT em PEP. Métodos: Foram selecionados 53 pacientes em primeiro episódio psicótico, com diagnóstico de esquizofrenia, que deram entrada à enfermaria de psiquiatria do Hospital das Clínicas Luzia de Pinho Melo entre 2011 e 2015. Ao ser admitido na enfermaria, o paciente era avaliado com a Escala de Sintomas para as Síndromes Positiva e Negativa (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale – PANSS) e recebia tratamento inicial por 4 semanas. Caso sua resposta fosse inferior a 40% de redução na PANSS, o antipsicótico era trocado, e as escalas eram aplicadas novamente após mais 4 semanas. Após a falha com dois antipsicóticos, em doses plenas, por 4 semanas cada, a clozapina era introduzida, e o paciente era considerado ERT. Uma regressão logística foi aplicada onde sexo, idade de início, tempo de doença não tratada, uso de substâncias, avaliação global do funcionamento inicial e PANSS inicial total foram inseridos como variáveis independentes, e ERT foi inserida como variável dependente. Resultados: Tempo de doença não tratada apresentou significância de p = 0,038 e Exp (B) = 4,29, enquanto que PANSS total apresentou p = 0,012 e Exp (B) = 1,06. Conclusão: Identificar os fatores associados à resistência precoce ao tratamento poderia permitir aos clínicos evitar o atraso na introdução da clozapina e prevenir um pior prognóstico para esses pacientes.

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