scholarly journals Impulsivity, Lack of Premeditation, and Debts in Online Gambling Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel López-Torres ◽  
Leticia León-Quismondo ◽  
Angela Ibáñez
Keyword(s):  
Gambling Disorder ◽  
Gambling Behavior ◽  
Sports Betting ◽  
Online Gambling ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Online Gamblers

Background and Objectives: Gambling disorder (GD) is a recurrent and persistent problematic gambling behavior that impairs multiple areas of an individual's life. GD can persist through two modes: online or offline. This study aims to compare sociodemographic, clinical, and psychological characteristics between treatment-seeking online and offline gamblers and analyze the effect of the gambling mode (online or offline) on anxiety, depression, impulsivity, and debts.Methods: Seventy-nine treatment-seeking gamblers (96.2% males), who were simultaneously receiving treatment at a specialized Pathological Gambling and Behavioral Addictions Unit, participated in this study. The sample was divided into two subsamples: online (n = 29, 100% males) and offline (n = 50, 94% males); the characteristics of these two groups were compared and analyzed using Chi-Square test (χ2), t-Test or Mann–Whitney U-test (p < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to determine the effects of gambling mode on significant variables (lack of premeditation and debts).Results: The online sample with a mean age of 29.4 years mainly chose to engage in sports betting (45%, p < 0.05) and showed a higher lack of premeditation levels (25.8 points, p < 0.05) than the offline sample. In addition, the online sample was younger with respect to their onset to gambling (20.2 years, p < 0.05) and the beginning of their gambling problems (25 years, p < 0.05) compared to the offline sample. Online gambling increased the levels of lack of premeditation by an average of 5.43 points compared to offline gambling (p < 0.05). Accumulated debts of the online sample were lower (€11,000) than those of the offline sample (€12,000). However, the interaction between age and gambling mode revealed that online gamblers increased their debt amounts with age at an average increase of €2,726.33 per year compared to offline gamblers (p < 0.05). No significant influence of gambling mode was found on GD severity, anxiety, and depression levels.Conclusions: Gambling mode has a significant relationship with lack of premeditation—a component of impulsivity—and accumulation of debts in treatment-seeking people with GD; however, no relationship was found with the rest of the variables analyzed. Future research with larger samples is needed to confirm these findings.

scholarly journals Current Addiction in Youth: Online Sports Betting

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Núria Aragay ◽  
Laia Pijuan ◽  
Àngela Cabestany ◽  
Irene Ramos-Grille ◽  
Gemma Garrido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gambling Disorder ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Gambling Behavior ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Sports Betting ◽  
University Education ◽  
Online Gambling ◽  
Clinical Predictors ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Online Sports Betting

Background: Gambling landscape has changed in recent years with the emergence of online gambling (OG). Greater accessibility and availability of this betting modality can increase the risk of developing a gambling disorder (GD). Online sports betting (OSB) is currently the most common type of OG, but little is known about the clinical characteristics of OSB compared to slot-machine (SM) gamblers, the most common offline gambling disorder.Methods: This was a prospective study conducted between October 2005 and September 2019, and included outpatients diagnosed with GD seen in a Pathological Gambling and Behavioral Addictions referral unit. Only patients with OSB and SM disorders were included. The main objective was to assess the clinical profile of OSB compared to SM gamblers, and to define clinical predictors for developing OSB gambling disorder. Logistic regression was performed to determine the effects of variables on the likelihood of this disorder.Results: Among 1,186 patients attended in our Unit during the study period, 873 patients were included; 32 (3.7%) were OSB gamblers and 841 (96.3%) were SM gamblers. Overall, mean age was 45 ± 13 years and 94.3% were men. Compared to SM patients, OSB patients were younger (34.9 ± 9.5 vs. 45.3 ±13), more frequently single (43.8 vs. 20.6%) and had a university education level (43.8 vs. 4.5%); they were also more frequently non-smokers (18.7 vs. 66.7%) and had fewer psychiatric comorbidities (12.5 vs. 29.4%) than SM gamblers. GD duration before treatment initiation was shorter in OSB patients than in SM gamblers, most of them (81.3 vs. 42.4%) with ≤ 5 years of GD duration. OSB gamblers showed significant differences in weekly gambling expenditure, spending higher amounts than SM patients. Younger age (OR: 0.919; 95% CI: 0.874–0.966), university education level (OR: 10.658; 95% CI: 3.330–34.119), weekly expenditure >100€ (OR: 5.811; 95% CI:1.544–21.869), and being a non-smoker (OR:13.248; 95% CI:4.332–40.517) were associated with an increased likelihood of OSB gambling behavior.Conclusions: We identified different profiles for OSB and SM gamblers. Younger age, university education level, higher weekly expenditure, and non-smoking habit were associated with OSB compared to SM disorders. Prevention strategies should help young people become aware of the severe risks of OSB.

scholarly journals Juego online: tratamiento de un caso de adicción a apuestas deportivas

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. e339
Author(s):  
Marta Marcos ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gambling Disorder ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Gambling Behavior ◽  
Sports Betting ◽  
Online Gambling ◽  
Gambling Addiction ◽  
Symptom Severity Scale ◽  
Motivation And Learning

Background: online gambling (bets, casino games, poker, etc.) is an activity that is spreading worldwide, even in countries where it is not yet legalized. Although the situation in Latin America is very heterogeneous, it is possible that, as online gambling is developed and promoted, addiction problems arise. This has already happened in Spain since the legalization of online gambling in 2011. Thus, psychology should be developing intervention programs to face this new scenario. Goal: this paper describes the treatment protocol for a young man with sports betting addiction. Method: the treatment proposal consisted in a cognitive behavioral therapy which focused on deconditioning of gambling situations; training of skills needed to prevent relapses and overcome risky situations; information on gambling risks; change of attitude towards gambling; and promotion of a healthy lifestyle incompatible with gambling addiction. Results: both the treatment phases and the theoretical basis of the intervention proposal are described. The patient, diagnosed with a severe gambling disorder, showed improvements in the gambling disorder criteria and the Symptom Severity Scale Score. Conclusions: a treatment protocol for online gambling addiction, which is based on the principles of motivation and learning, has been developed. This protocol has demonstrated to be effective in reducing gambling behavior and promoting a new healthy lifestyle.

Psychiatric Disorders in New Cancer Patients in Semnan

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1739-1742
Author(s):  
Nilufar Safaie ◽  
Hadi Zeinali ◽  
Nazila Ghahramanfard ◽  
Majid Mirmohammadkhani ◽  
Mohammadreza Moonesan
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Key Words Cancer ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Introduction & Objective: Definitive diagnosis of cancer in patients, the duration of treatment, and grueling treatment methods can provide a basis for psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety in patients; accordingly, this study was conducted to evaluate the factors affecting these disorders in patients who were newly diagnosed with cancer. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 122 cancer patients in 1397 in Semnan, Iran. Data were collected using the HADS questionnaire. In order to compare the subgroups in terms of frequencies, Chi-square test and, if necessary, more accurate Fisher test were used. Numerical variables were compared using T-test or Mann Whitney U test. Results: In the present study, the mean of total anxiety was about 28.6% and the mean of total depression among patients was 26.2%. 80% of women and 74.3% of people without income had anxiety and there was a significant relationship between gender and income with anxiety in cancer patients (p <0/05). The variables of age, sex, income level, education level were not significantly associated with depression (P> 0.05). Conclusion: Considering the levels of psychiatric disorders, especially anxiety and depression in cancer patients, to control this issue, providing psychiatric interventions in the treatment program of these patients can be effective. Key words: Cancer, Anxiety, Depression, Psychiatric disorders

Evaluation of the Teaching Performance of Baghdad University and Salahaddin University From The Point of View of Their Department Heads ( Comparative Study )

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 398-432
Author(s):  
Shawbo Shamsaldeen Sulayman ◽  
Thiqa Ali Abdulwahid
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Teaching Performance ◽  
Department Heads ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test

The objective of the research was to evaluate the performance of the teaching staff of the Baghdad and Salahaddin University-Erbil from the point of view of the heads of their departments in a number of different colleges as a comparative study. The research community was (247) individuals from the heads of departments in the above universities, and a sample size was chosen randomly was(197) unit, and (134) individuals from the department heads at the University of Baghdad, and (63) unit from the department heads at Salahaddin University-Erbil. To achieve the research objectives, a (closed — open) questionnaire was prepared consisting of (49) paragraphs distributed into six specific fields of alternatives. To answer it and one open question in the questionnaire, the validity and reliability of the questionnaire was verified. The data was analyzed using the (weighted mean equation, the percentage weight equation and the chi-square test). The results showed there was no differences between the responses of department heads in evaluating the teaching performance of faculty members in the research sample in two universities. In addition, a number of proposals were presented to develop the performance of faculty members from the point of view of department heads in both universities. The two researchers made a number of recommendations as well, as well as a number of proposals to conduct future research for researchers in this field.

scholarly journals Design and Measurement Properties of the Online Gambling Disorder Questionnaire (OGD-Q) in Spanish Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquín González-Cabrera ◽  
Juan M. Machimbarrena ◽  
Marta Beranuy ◽  
Priscila Pérez-Rodríguez ◽  
Liria Fernández-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gambling Disorder ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Sports Betting ◽  
Online Gambling ◽  
Measurement Properties ◽  
Social Relevance ◽  
Internet Gaming ◽  
Reliability Indicators ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

Gambling disorder is of great clinical and social relevance since it seriously affects people who suffer from it. More recently, the Internet has exacerbated the problem with online casinos, poker, and sports betting. However, there is little evidence of this problem, and we know of no diagnostic questionnaire. The main objectives of this study were to develop the Online Gambling Disorder Questionnaire (OGD-Q) for adolescents, evaluate its main psychometric properties, and establish diagnostic criteria to differentiate pathological from non-pathological online gamblers. We conducted a study in 16 schools across seven regions of Spain, sampling 2691 adolescents, 883 of whom had reported some online gambling experience. Of those, 602 were boys (68.2%) and 281 were girls (31.8%) Sampling was non-probabilistic and incidental. Mean age and standard deviation were 14.25 ± 1.55 (11–19 years). Confirmatory factor analysis yielded a one-dimensional model with a good fit. The reliability indicators were satisfactory (>0.94). The scores on the OGD-Q were related to other constructs, such as Internet gaming disorder, problematic Internet use, and nomophobia. Participants classified as having problems or being at risk of online gambling disorder presented significantly more stress, anxiety, and depression. Participants categorized as having online gambling disorder comprised 0.89% (n = 24) of the total sample and 2.71% of those who have gambled at some time. We discuss these findings and their practical implications in this article and propose future lines of research.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Google Translate Translations: An Error Analysis of English-to-Persian and Persian-to-English Translations

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadis Ghasemi ◽  
Mahmood Hashemian
Keyword(s):  
Error Analysis ◽  
Machine Translation ◽  
English Translation ◽  
Statistical Machine Translation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Passive Voice ◽  
English Translations ◽  
Chi Square Test

<p>Both lack of time and the need to translate texts for numerous reasons brought about an increase in studying machine translation with a history spanning over 65 years. During the last decades, Google Translate, as a statistical machine translation (SMT), was in the center of attention for supporting 90 languages. Although there are many studies on Google Translate, few researchers have considered Persian-English translation pairs. This study used Keshavarzʼs (1999) model of error analysis to carry out a comparison study between the raw English-Persian translations and Persian-English translations from Google Translate. Based on the criteria presented in the model, 100 systematically selected sentences from an interpreter app called Motarjem Hamrah were translated by Google Translate and then evaluated and brought in different tables. Results of analyzing and tabulating the frequencies of the errors together with conducting a chi-square test showed no significant differences between the qualities of Google Translate from English to Persian and Persian to English. In addition, lexicosemantic and active/passive voice errors were the most and least frequent errors, respectively. Directions for future research are recognized in the paper for the improvements of the system.</p>

scholarly journals Correlation of Myopia with Physical Exercise and Sleep Habits among Suburban Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yuan Qu ◽  
Jianfeng Yu ◽  
Wei Xia ◽  
Huijuan Cai
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
Potential Association ◽  
Chi Square Test

Purpose. To analyse the correlation of myopia with physical exercise and sleep habits to explore the possible risk or protective factors of juvenile myopia. Methods. This study was a retrospective cross-sectional study. A total of 1831 students aged 11–18 years from five schools in Qingpu completed questionnaires from 2018 to 2019; the students were divided into the nonmyopia group and the myopia group, with students in the myopia group having myopia in at least one eye. Based on the chi-square test, the variables with statistical significance were selected for the logistic regression analysis. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined. Results. Myopia was positively associated with older age (OR = 2.216, 95% CI: 1.720–2.855), having a parent with myopia (father: OR = 2.463, 95% CI: 1.900–3.193; mother: OR = 2.853, 95% CI: 2.232–3.646), and a late bedtime during holidays (before 10 pm: p = 0.002; 10 pm-11 pm: OR = 1.516, 95% CI: 1.095–2.100; 11 pm-12 am: OR = 1.966, 95% CI: 1.383–2.795), but negatively correlated with male gender (OR = 0.693, 95% CI: 0.549–0.876), a late daily wake time (OR = 0.782, 95% CI: 0.621–0.985), and having more days per week of outdoor activities during the semester (OR = 0.764, 95% CI: 0.597–0.978). After adjustment for demographic characteristics, myopia was positively associated with a late bedtime during holidays (before 10 pm: p = 0.003; 10 pm-11 pm: OR = 1.570, 95% CI: 1.076–2.289; 11 pm-12 am: OR = 2.173, 95% CI: 1.451–3.253; after 12 am: OR = 1.786, 95% CI: 1.093–2.919), but negatively correlated with a late daily wake time during the semester (OR = 0.761, 95% CI: 0.581–0.997). Conclusion. The association of outdoor exercise with myopia among Chinese suburban adolescents does not seem to be as strong as that of sleep habits. Future research could seek to provide consistent evidence for a potential association between myopia and sleep habits.

Vocational Rehabilitation Acceptance: A Tale of Two Races in a Large Midwestern State

1999 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith B. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Rehabilitation ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Test Statistic ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
European Americans ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Phi Coefficient ◽  
Criterion Variables

The purpose of this study was to examine whether Americans and European Americans disability would differ in vocational rehabilitation (VR) acceptance. The author used a Chi-square test of independence as the test statistic. Because the majority of previous studies of VR acceptance fail to use a relational statistic to test the practical significance among explanatory and criterion variables, the phi coefficient was utilized. Relational statistics are important because it shows how variables relate, either negatively or positively. Using this methodology, there was no statistically significant difference between African Americans and European Americans. Moreover, the strength of the association between variables proved slight, even in the presence of a relatively large sample. The author concludes by discussing limitations and future research.

scholarly journals Preferences on Online Gambling Activities among Adolescents: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
González Bueso V ◽  
◽  
Santamaría JJ ◽  
Fernández D ◽  
Montero E ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Sports Betting ◽  
Online Gambling ◽  
Gambling Activity ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Online Gamblers ◽  
Gambling Activities

The accessibility and availability of a variety of online gambling for adolescents is a public concern. In the current literature, it remains unclear in which activities the greatest prevalence occurs. Moreover, it is well-known that different types of gambling activities carry different levels of risk just as have distinct socioeconomic, and mental health-related consequences. The main aim of this study is to systematically review the current literature in order to explore the prevalence of different types of online gambling activities reported by adolescents and their relationship with other reported variables when available. It will be conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-P 2015 statement for systematic review and metaanalysis protocols. An electronic literature search will be conducted using the following databases: PubMed, PsychINFO, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using search keywords and logic as follows: “(Internet OR online) gambling AND (adolescents OR young people)”. Additionally, further articles will be identified through searching the citations in the literature selected. The overall percentage of online gamblers and the percentage of online gamblers for each type of gambling activity were identified or calculated. Seven-teen articles met the eligibility criteria. The included studies comprised 15 crosssectional and two longitudinal designs. Most of the research was conducted in Europe. The online gambling modalities detected were sports bets, card games, gambling machines, casino games lottery games, scratch tickets, bingo, gambling in social networking, stock market investment, and mahjong. Only two studies provided associations between a specific online gambling activity and socioeconomic and mental health associations, founding involvement in online sports betting and in online casino game is a risk factor to the development of disordered gambling. A consensus on the evaluation method of the problem and updated questionnaires collecting information regarding the new online betting modalities are critical.

scholarly journals Cultural entrepreneurship: a review of the literature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nevena Dobreva ◽  
Stanislav Hristov Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
English Language ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Qualitative Thematic Analysis ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Audience Development

This paper provides a comprehensive review of Scopus-indexed English language publications on entrepreneurship in cultural and creative industries and the arts, identifies research gaps, and gives directions for future research. The paper analyses 131 publications published in the period 1982 – 2019 through quantitative analysis of frequencies, cross-tables, and Chi-square test, and qualitative thematic analysis of the publications. Eight research domains were identified: 'Characteristics and motivation of entrepreneurs', 'Business models', 'Audience development', 'Use of information and communication technologies', 'Urban development', 'Public policy', 'Incubators and clusters' and 'Entrepreneurial education'. Findings show that two-thirds of the papers are based on empirical research, most of which is conducted in the U.K. From a managerial perspective, the conclusions are that cultural entrepreneur is gradually becoming a central figure in contemporary cultural processes that has the potential to fulfil market and audience needs, fill the emerging business niches, and contribute to the revitalisation of cities and regions. It identifies research gaps and formulates directions for future research.

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