scholarly journals Design and Measurement Properties of the Online Gambling Disorder Questionnaire (OGD-Q) in Spanish Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquín González-Cabrera ◽  
Juan M. Machimbarrena ◽  
Marta Beranuy ◽  
Priscila Pérez-Rodríguez ◽  
Liria Fernández-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gambling Disorder ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Sports Betting ◽  
Online Gambling ◽  
Measurement Properties ◽  
Social Relevance ◽  
Internet Gaming ◽  
Reliability Indicators ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

Gambling disorder is of great clinical and social relevance since it seriously affects people who suffer from it. More recently, the Internet has exacerbated the problem with online casinos, poker, and sports betting. However, there is little evidence of this problem, and we know of no diagnostic questionnaire. The main objectives of this study were to develop the Online Gambling Disorder Questionnaire (OGD-Q) for adolescents, evaluate its main psychometric properties, and establish diagnostic criteria to differentiate pathological from non-pathological online gamblers. We conducted a study in 16 schools across seven regions of Spain, sampling 2691 adolescents, 883 of whom had reported some online gambling experience. Of those, 602 were boys (68.2%) and 281 were girls (31.8%) Sampling was non-probabilistic and incidental. Mean age and standard deviation were 14.25 ± 1.55 (11–19 years). Confirmatory factor analysis yielded a one-dimensional model with a good fit. The reliability indicators were satisfactory (>0.94). The scores on the OGD-Q were related to other constructs, such as Internet gaming disorder, problematic Internet use, and nomophobia. Participants classified as having problems or being at risk of online gambling disorder presented significantly more stress, anxiety, and depression. Participants categorized as having online gambling disorder comprised 0.89% (n = 24) of the total sample and 2.71% of those who have gambled at some time. We discuss these findings and their practical implications in this article and propose future lines of research.

scholarly journals Loot boxes in Spanish adolescents and young adults: Relationship with internet gaming disorder and online gambling disorder

2021 ◽  
pp. 107012
Author(s):  
Joaquín González-Cabrera ◽  
Aránzazu Basterra-González ◽  
Irene Montiel ◽  
Esther Calvete ◽  
Halley M. Pontes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Gambling Disorder ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Online Gambling ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Internet Gaming

scholarly journals Internet gaming disorder and online gambling disorder: Clinical and personality correlates

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 669-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuria Mallorquí-Bagué ◽  
Fernando Fernández-Aranda ◽  
María Lozano-Madrid ◽  
Roser Granero ◽  
Gemma Mestre-Bach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gambling Disorder ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Online Gambling ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Internet Gaming ◽  
Personality Correlates

scholarly journals Impulsivity, Lack of Premeditation, and Debts in Online Gambling Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel López-Torres ◽  
Leticia León-Quismondo ◽  
Angela Ibáñez
Keyword(s):  
Gambling Disorder ◽  
Gambling Behavior ◽  
Sports Betting ◽  
Online Gambling ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Online Gamblers

Background and Objectives: Gambling disorder (GD) is a recurrent and persistent problematic gambling behavior that impairs multiple areas of an individual's life. GD can persist through two modes: online or offline. This study aims to compare sociodemographic, clinical, and psychological characteristics between treatment-seeking online and offline gamblers and analyze the effect of the gambling mode (online or offline) on anxiety, depression, impulsivity, and debts.Methods: Seventy-nine treatment-seeking gamblers (96.2% males), who were simultaneously receiving treatment at a specialized Pathological Gambling and Behavioral Addictions Unit, participated in this study. The sample was divided into two subsamples: online (n = 29, 100% males) and offline (n = 50, 94% males); the characteristics of these two groups were compared and analyzed using Chi-Square test (χ2), t-Test or Mann–Whitney U-test (p < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to determine the effects of gambling mode on significant variables (lack of premeditation and debts).Results: The online sample with a mean age of 29.4 years mainly chose to engage in sports betting (45%, p < 0.05) and showed a higher lack of premeditation levels (25.8 points, p < 0.05) than the offline sample. In addition, the online sample was younger with respect to their onset to gambling (20.2 years, p < 0.05) and the beginning of their gambling problems (25 years, p < 0.05) compared to the offline sample. Online gambling increased the levels of lack of premeditation by an average of 5.43 points compared to offline gambling (p < 0.05). Accumulated debts of the online sample were lower (€11,000) than those of the offline sample (€12,000). However, the interaction between age and gambling mode revealed that online gamblers increased their debt amounts with age at an average increase of €2,726.33 per year compared to offline gamblers (p < 0.05). No significant influence of gambling mode was found on GD severity, anxiety, and depression levels.Conclusions: Gambling mode has a significant relationship with lack of premeditation—a component of impulsivity—and accumulation of debts in treatment-seeking people with GD; however, no relationship was found with the rest of the variables analyzed. Future research with larger samples is needed to confirm these findings.

scholarly journals Current Addiction in Youth: Online Sports Betting

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Núria Aragay ◽  
Laia Pijuan ◽  
Àngela Cabestany ◽  
Irene Ramos-Grille ◽  
Gemma Garrido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gambling Disorder ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Gambling Behavior ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Sports Betting ◽  
University Education ◽  
Online Gambling ◽  
Clinical Predictors ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Online Sports Betting

Background: Gambling landscape has changed in recent years with the emergence of online gambling (OG). Greater accessibility and availability of this betting modality can increase the risk of developing a gambling disorder (GD). Online sports betting (OSB) is currently the most common type of OG, but little is known about the clinical characteristics of OSB compared to slot-machine (SM) gamblers, the most common offline gambling disorder.Methods: This was a prospective study conducted between October 2005 and September 2019, and included outpatients diagnosed with GD seen in a Pathological Gambling and Behavioral Addictions referral unit. Only patients with OSB and SM disorders were included. The main objective was to assess the clinical profile of OSB compared to SM gamblers, and to define clinical predictors for developing OSB gambling disorder. Logistic regression was performed to determine the effects of variables on the likelihood of this disorder.Results: Among 1,186 patients attended in our Unit during the study period, 873 patients were included; 32 (3.7%) were OSB gamblers and 841 (96.3%) were SM gamblers. Overall, mean age was 45 ± 13 years and 94.3% were men. Compared to SM patients, OSB patients were younger (34.9 ± 9.5 vs. 45.3 ±13), more frequently single (43.8 vs. 20.6%) and had a university education level (43.8 vs. 4.5%); they were also more frequently non-smokers (18.7 vs. 66.7%) and had fewer psychiatric comorbidities (12.5 vs. 29.4%) than SM gamblers. GD duration before treatment initiation was shorter in OSB patients than in SM gamblers, most of them (81.3 vs. 42.4%) with ≤ 5 years of GD duration. OSB gamblers showed significant differences in weekly gambling expenditure, spending higher amounts than SM patients. Younger age (OR: 0.919; 95% CI: 0.874–0.966), university education level (OR: 10.658; 95% CI: 3.330–34.119), weekly expenditure >100€ (OR: 5.811; 95% CI:1.544–21.869), and being a non-smoker (OR:13.248; 95% CI:4.332–40.517) were associated with an increased likelihood of OSB gambling behavior.Conclusions: We identified different profiles for OSB and SM gamblers. Younger age, university education level, higher weekly expenditure, and non-smoking habit were associated with OSB compared to SM disorders. Prevention strategies should help young people become aware of the severe risks of OSB.

scholarly journals Spanish Validation of the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale–Short Form (IGDS9-SF): Prevalence and Relationship with Online Gambling and Quality of Life

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Beranuy ◽  
Juan M. Machimbarrena ◽  
M. Asunción Vega-Osés ◽  
Xavier Carbonell ◽  
Mark D. Griffiths ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Online Gambling ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Internet Gaming ◽  
Spanish Validation

Online gaming is a very common form of leisure among adolescents and young people, although its excessive and/or compulsive use is associated with psychological impairments in a minority of gamers. The latest (fifth) edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5, Section III) tentatively introduced Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD). Since then, a number of evaluation tools using the DSM-5 criteria have been developed, including the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale–Short Form (IGDS9-SF). The main objective of this study was to translate and adapt the IGDS9-SF into Spanish, as well as to obtain indicators relating to its validity and reliability. The Spanish version of four scales were administered: IGDS9-SF, Mobile Phone-Related Experiences Questionnaire (CERM), Online Gambling Disorder Questionnaire (OGD-Q), and KIDSCREEN-27. The sample comprised 535 Vocational Training students (mean age 18.35 years; SD±2.13; 78.5% males) who reported playing video games in the past 12 months. Confirmatory factor analysis yielded a one-dimensional model with a good fit while the reliability indicators were satisfactory. Findings indicated that 1.9% of gamers were classified with IGD (meeting five or more criteria for more than 12 months). Additionally, another 1.9% were considered gamers ‘at-risk’ because they endorsed four criteria. Positive and significant relationships were found between the IGDS9-SF, the CERM, and the OGD-Q. Participants classified with IGD had poorer health-related quality of life. In conclusion, the Spanish IGDS9-SF is a valid and reliable instrument to assess IGD according to the DSM-5.

scholarly journals Gaming, substance use and distress within a cohort of online gamblers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frida André ◽  
Anders Håkansson ◽  
Emma Claesdotter-Knutsson
Keyword(s):  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Online Gambling ◽  
Addictive Behaviors ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
The Core ◽  
Internet Gaming ◽  
Online Betting ◽  
Online Gamblers ◽  
Tentative Diagnosis

Background: The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) included Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) as a tentative diagnosis and inquires for additional research. The research on gaming is inconsistent regarding measurement approach and diagnostic cut-offs. Some scholars suggest the core approach, accentuating some of the diagnostic criteria to avoid pathologizing harmless behavior. Also, the co-occurrence of gaming and other addictions, gambling in specifically, is frequently reported but poorly understood. The present study aimed to explore gaming within a population of online gamblers in order to evaluate the core approach but also to investigate the possible co-occurrence of different addictions.Design and Methods: The present study is derived from material collected for a study on online gambling. The study addressed 1007 adult individuals from the general population who had gambled for money on an online casino site or an online betting site, on at least 10 occasions during the past 12 months.Results: Both the level of distress and problem gambling increased as the severity of gaming increased. The co-occurrence of problems with alcohol, illicit drug use/prescription sedatives/strong painkillers and gambling was roughly 50% among the addictive gamers.Conclusion: The present study suggests that the core approach manages to distinguish in severity of gaming in regards to interference and comorbidity. We also brought light to the occurrence of gaming within a population of gamblers and our results indicate that this specific group of addicted gamers are particularly burdened by co-occurrent addictive behaviors and severe distress.

Substanzgebrauchsstörung und nicht-substanzgebundene Süchte im DSM-5

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Thomasius ◽  
Peter-Michael Sack ◽  
Esther Strittmatter ◽  
Michael Kaess
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Gambling Disorder ◽  
American Psychiatric Association ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Diagnostische Kriterien ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Hatte Eine ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Internet Gaming

Der Beitrag informiert über die Eingliederung der Suchtstörungen in die Fünfte Auflage des Diagnostischen und statistischen Manuals psychischer Störungen (DSM-5) der American Psychiatric Association (APA). Eine DSM-5-Diagnose wird entlang einer Schweregrads-Dimension «Substanzgebrauchsstörung» (Substance Use Disorder) gestellt, wofür explizit operationalisierte diagnostische Kriterien vorgegeben sind. Als einzige «Verhaltenssucht» wurde die «Glücksspielstörung» (Gambling Disorder) in das DSM-5 aufgenommen, zusätzlich wurden vorläufige Kriterien für eine «Koffeingebrauchsstörung» (Caffeine Use Disorder) sowie für eine «Internetspielstörung» (Internet Gaming Disorder) definiert und in das Kapitel III (Störungsbilder, die weiterer Forschung bedürfen) integriert. Für die Versorgung suchtgefährdeter und süchtiger Kinder und Jugendlicher in Deutschland hätte eine Übernahme des Kriterienkataloges des DSM-5 weitreichende Folgen. Da die diagnostische Schwelle niedriger ist, würden mehr Patienten einen Behandlungsanspruch erhalten. Aus kinder- und jugendpsychiatrischer Sicht ist die damit verbundene Stärkung von Frühinterventionen bei den Suchtstörungen zu begrüßen. Die neuen Kapitel III-Diagnosen werden durch die erstmals vereinheitlichte Definition von diagnostischen Kriterien international vergleichbare Forschung stimulieren.

scholarly journals Juego online: tratamiento de un caso de adicción a apuestas deportivas

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. e339
Author(s):  
Marta Marcos ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gambling Disorder ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Gambling Behavior ◽  
Sports Betting ◽  
Online Gambling ◽  
Gambling Addiction ◽  
Symptom Severity Scale ◽  
Motivation And Learning

Background: online gambling (bets, casino games, poker, etc.) is an activity that is spreading worldwide, even in countries where it is not yet legalized. Although the situation in Latin America is very heterogeneous, it is possible that, as online gambling is developed and promoted, addiction problems arise. This has already happened in Spain since the legalization of online gambling in 2011. Thus, psychology should be developing intervention programs to face this new scenario. Goal: this paper describes the treatment protocol for a young man with sports betting addiction. Method: the treatment proposal consisted in a cognitive behavioral therapy which focused on deconditioning of gambling situations; training of skills needed to prevent relapses and overcome risky situations; information on gambling risks; change of attitude towards gambling; and promotion of a healthy lifestyle incompatible with gambling addiction. Results: both the treatment phases and the theoretical basis of the intervention proposal are described. The patient, diagnosed with a severe gambling disorder, showed improvements in the gambling disorder criteria and the Symptom Severity Scale Score. Conclusions: a treatment protocol for online gambling addiction, which is based on the principles of motivation and learning, has been developed. This protocol has demonstrated to be effective in reducing gambling behavior and promoting a new healthy lifestyle.

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