scholarly journals COVID-19-Related Psychological and Psychosocial Distress Among Parents and Youth With Physical Illness: A Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Ferro ◽  
Samantha B. Meyer ◽  
Jennifer Yessis ◽  
Shannon V. Reaume ◽  
Ellen Lipman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Parental Stress ◽  
Psychosocial Health ◽  
Psychosocial Distress ◽  
Physical Illness ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Parent Proxy

Despite the initial thrust of research aimed at understanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on youth with physical illness and their parents, knowledge gaps in the literature remain, providing the impetus for additional investigation. This study described changes in psychological distress from prior to during the COVID-19 pandemic for parents and youth with physical illness, compared parent-proxy and youth self-reported perceptions of COVID-19-related psychosocial health, and modeled factors associated with psychological and psychosocial distress. There were 147 parent–youth dyads (2–16 years) from MY LIFE—a longitudinal study of youth with physical illness. The Kessler-6 (K6) measured psychological distress for the time before the COVID-19 lockdown (December 19 to March 20) and during the pandemic (December 20 to March 21) among parents and youth. COVID-19-related psychosocial health was measured using the CRISIS. Parents and youth reported increases in K6 scores (d = 0.62 and 0.38). Parent-proxy reports on the K6 were lower vs. youth self-reports prior to and during the pandemic (d = 0.63 for both). In contrast, parents reported lower proxy CRISIS scores for worries (d = 0.38) and effects of social restrictions (d = 0.52). Pandemic parent K6 scores were associated with age, combined in-person and online schooling for youth, COVID-19-related worries, and effects of social restrictions. For youth, only COVID-19-related worries and effects of social restrictions were associated with K6 scores. Parent worries were associated with youth sex, parental stress, family functioning, online and combination learning, and social restrictions. Parental depression and worries were associated with effects of social restrictions. Youth worries were associated with online and combination learning, and social restrictions. Youth disability, online learning, and worries were associated with effects of social restrictions. Few clinical factors are associated with COVID-19-related psychological and psychosocial distress. Instead, parent/family factors and youth learning environment have prominent roles in predicting outcomes and have implications for the health, education, and social services systems.

scholarly journals Combined effects of genotype and childhood adversity shape variability of DNA methylation across age

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darina Czamara ◽  
Elleke Tissink ◽  
Johanna Tuhkanen ◽  
Jade Martins ◽  
Yvonne Awaloff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Synaptic Function ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
The Impact

AbstractLasting effects of adversity, such as exposure to childhood adversity (CA) on disease risk, may be embedded via epigenetic mechanisms but findings from human studies investigating the main effects of such exposure on epigenetic measures, including DNA methylation (DNAm), are inconsistent. Studies in perinatal tissues indicate that variability of DNAm at birth is best explained by the joint effects of genotype and prenatal environment. Here, we extend these analyses to postnatal stressors. We investigated the contribution of CA, cis genotype (G), and their additive (G + CA) and interactive (G × CA) effects to DNAm variability in blood or saliva from five independent cohorts with a total sample size of 1074 ranging in age from childhood to late adulthood. Of these, 541 were exposed to CA, which was assessed retrospectively using self-reports or verified through social services and registries. For the majority of sites (over 50%) in the adult cohorts, variability in DNAm was best explained by G + CA or G × CA but almost never by CA alone. Across ages and tissues, 1672 DNAm sites showed consistency of the best model in all five cohorts, with G × CA interactions explaining most variance. The consistent G × CA sites mapped to genes enriched in brain-specific transcripts and Gene Ontology terms related to development and synaptic function. Interaction of CA with genotypes showed the strongest contribution to DNAm variability, with stable effects across cohorts in functionally relevant genes. This underscores the importance of including genotype in studies investigating the impact of environmental factors on epigenetic marks.

Concordance between paediatric self-reports and parent proxy reports on fatigue: A multicentre prospective longitudinal study

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 101829
Author(s):  
Elena Rostagno ◽  
Anna Marchetti ◽  
Anna Bergadano ◽  
Marta Canesi ◽  
Moreno Crotti Partel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Proxy Reports ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Parent Proxy

The impact of psychosocial distress on survival in patients diagnosed with gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 654-654
Author(s):  
Zamzam Salam Al-Hashami ◽  
Cheryl Ho ◽  
Sara Moore ◽  
Bonnie Leung ◽  
Howard John Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Metastatic Disease ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Psychosocial Distress ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Baseline Characteristic ◽  
Gi Cancer ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

654 Background: A cancer diagnosis can cause psychological distress that adversely affects patients’ emotional, social, spiritual and physical capabilities. The aim of this study is to identify factors associated with increased risk for psychosocial distress and to evaluate the influence of anxiety and depression on survival of GI cancer patients. Methods: All patients with GI cancer referred to BC Cancer from 2011-2015 who completed a prospective Psychosocial Screen for Cancer – Revised within 6 months of cancer diagnosis were included in the study. Baseline characteristics were collected from the BC Cancer registry. Patient groups were compared using the Chi-squared Fisher’s exact test. OS was calculated using the Kaplan Meier method, compared using the log rank test and Cox proportional hazards model. Results: 8722 patients were included in the analysis. Baseline characteristic: median age 67, male 60% , metastatic disease 29%. Colorectal/anal cancers (60%) were the most common followed by pancreatic cancer (11%). Patients with anxiety and depression were more likely to be younger (aged 64 and less), female and have metastatic disease. Patients with anxiety were more likely to get chemotherapy. Depression was associated with less chemotherapy use. Anxiety and depression were associated with increased psychosocial needs including emotional, informational, physical, spiritual, social/family concerns (p < 0.001). Psychological distress was not influenced by the patient’s geographic location or socioeconomic status. Median OS for patients with anxiety was 20 m vs no symptoms 27 m (p < 0.001) and depression 17 m vs no symptoms 27m (p < 0.001). The impact on OS remained significant for anxiety and depression in a multivariate model that included age, sex, metastatic status and chemotherapy use. Conclusions: Patients with GI malignancies who are female, younger than 64 and have metastatic disease are at risk for psychological distress. Anxiety and depression were associated with poorer survival outcomes even when controlling for age, sex, metastatic status and chemotherapy. Mobilizing resources to meet patients’ needs is important and should be implemented as part of patients’ comprehensive care.

Predictors of Outcome in Cognitive and Behavioural Interventions for Irritable Bowel Syndrome. A Meta-Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mădălina Radu ◽  
Ramona Moldovan ◽  
Sebastian Pintea ◽  
Adriana Băban ◽  
Dan Dumitrașcu
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Psychosocial Distress ◽  
Total Effect ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
The Impact

Background & Aims: Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has small to medium effects in alleviating emotional distress and psychosomatic symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, the mechanism through which CBT exerts its effects is less studied. Mediation analysis examines the extent to which intermediate variables explain the effect of the intervention on outcomes. The meta-analysis aims to identify and assess the impact of CBT mediators identified in previous research on IBS. Methods: An extensive search of studies investigating the effects of CBT for IBS published before January 2018 was conducted. A total of 699 studies were identified through database search and 6 studies including data from 638 patients were analysed. The selected studies had to clearly define the CBT intervention, include IBS patients, report sufficient data to allow calculation of effect sizes and provide a clear mediation analysis of one or several variables on the outcome. Results: The total effect of CBT was significant for both categories of outcomes (i.e. IBS symptom severity and psychosocial distress), with a low-to-moderate effect on psychosocial distress (r=0.222) and a medium-to-large effect on IBS symptom severity (r=0.413). In fact, the total effect of CBT on IBS symptom severity is significantly higher than the total effect on psychosocial distress Q(1)= 5.06, p= 0.024. Both behaviours and emotions (r=0.158) as well as cognitions (r=0.141) generated significant mediated effects on psychosocial distress, with no significant differences between them (Q(1)= 0.05, p=0.825). Behaviours and emotions mediated 71.1% of the total effect of CBT on psychosocial distress and cognitions mediated 63.5% of the total effect. Conclusion: Although significant for both outcomes, the statistical analysis revealed CBT interventions have a greater effect on alleviating IBS symptoms severity rather than on reducing psychological distress. Of the mediators investigated, behaviours, emotions and cognitions seem to have a small to moderating effect in reducing IBS symptom and psychological distress.

scholarly journals Psychosocial distress and cardiovascular disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Natt och Dag ◽  
K Mehlig ◽  
A Rosengren ◽  
L Lissner ◽  
M Rosvall
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Psychosocial Distress ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The contemporary increase in psychological distress observed in many countries is, by itself, a public health issue of great concern. Methods This prospective study aims to investigate the impact of psychological distress on incident cardiovascular disease, in different age groups and also with respect to sex, among participants in the Gothenburg-based InterGene Study cohort. This cohort comprises a total of 3614 men and women, aged 25-75 years. Included in the present study were individuals who were free of previous CVD diagnoses and who fully completed all baseline examinations. Inclusions took place during 2001-2004. Psychological distress at baseline was assessed by self-rating depression and anxiety scales. A wide range of physiological and behavioral parameters were also assessed, which allowed for relevant adjustments. The outcome was incident CVD, and with a 12 year follow-up. Cox-regression analyses were performed. Results The results showed an increased risk of incident CVD with higher scores on each of the scales. The majority of the findings persisted after adjustments for relevant confounders. It was most common for young women to score high on the anxiety and depression scales. Conclusions The associations between psychological distress and later life cardiovascular disease calls for enhanced public health measures aiming at ameliorating psychological health, not least in younger age groups. Key messages There was an increased risk of incident CVD with higher scores on psychosocial distress scales. The majority of the findings persisted after adjustments for relevant confounders.

scholarly journals Global effect of COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep among 3- to 5-year-old children: a longitudinal study of 14 countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony D. Okely ◽  
Katharina E. Kariippanon ◽  
Hongyan Guan ◽  
Ellie K. Taylor ◽  
Thomas Suesse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Parental Stress ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
World Health ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Parent Survey ◽  
Daily Routines ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The restrictions associated with the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in changes to young children’s daily routines and habits. The impact on their participation in movement behaviours (physical activity, sedentary screen time and sleep) is unknown. This international longitudinal study compared young children’s movement behaviours before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Parents of children aged 3–5 years, from 14 countries (8 low- and middle-income countries, LMICs) completed surveys to assess changes in movement behaviours and how these changes were associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Surveys were completed in the 12 months up to March 2020 and again between May and June 2020 (at the height of restrictions). Physical activity (PA), sedentary screen time (SST) and sleep were assessed via parent survey. At Time 2, COVID-19 factors including level of restriction, environmental conditions, and parental stress were measured. Compliance with the World Health Organizations (WHO) Global guidelines for PA (180 min/day [≥60 min moderate- vigorous PA]), SST (≤1 h/day) and sleep (10-13 h/day) for children under 5 years of age, was determined. Results Nine hundred- forty-eight parents completed the survey at both time points. Children from LMICs were more likely to meet the PA (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AdjOR] = 2.0, 95%Confidence Interval [CI] 1.0,3.8) and SST (AdjOR = 2.2, 95%CI 1.2,3.9) guidelines than their high-income country (HIC) counterparts. Children who could go outside during COVID-19 were more likely to meet all WHO Global guidelines (AdjOR = 3.3, 95%CI 1.1,9.8) than those who were not. Children of parents with higher compared to lower stress were less likely to meet all three guidelines (AdjOR = 0.5, 95%CI 0.3,0.9). Conclusion PA and SST levels of children from LMICs have been less impacted by COVID-19 than in HICs. Ensuring children can access an outdoor space, and supporting parents’ mental health are important prerequisites for enabling pre-schoolers to practice healthy movement behaviours and meet the Global guidelines.

scholarly journals The Impact of Parental Stress on Italian Adolescents’ Internalizing Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 8074
Author(s):  
Ziqin Liang ◽  
Claudia Mazzeschi ◽  
Elisa Delvecchio
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Parental Stress ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Impact

The challenges and consequences of COVID-19 imposed massive changes in adolescents’ daily routines (e.g., school closures, home confinement, and social distancing rules), which impacted their mental health. This longitudinal study aimed to better understand the changes in adolescents’ internalizing symptoms and the underlying mechanisms of parental stress due to COVID-19. We asked 1053 parents of adolescents to complete an online survey during the second and fifth weeks and at the end of home confinement (i.e., four weeks later). Results showed that parents reported their adolescents’ anxiety and depression symptoms were more severe at Time 2 than at the first administration. Anxiety symptoms slightly decreased at Time 3, while there was no significant change in depression symptoms. Moreover, parents’ expressive suppression mediated the association between parental stress and adolescents’ anxiety and depression symptoms, respectively. The findings suggest that as restriction increased, adolescents’ anxiety and depression became more severe. Moreover, due to the link between parental stress and adolescents’ internalizing disorders helping families to cope with the distress due to the pandemic may have a positive impact on parents, the child, and the family as a whole (i.e., the family climate).

Psychosocial health and quality of life among children with cardiac diagnoses: agreement and discrepancies between parent and child reports

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhavika J. Patel ◽  
Lillian Lai ◽  
Gary Goldfield ◽  
Renee Sananes ◽  
Patricia E. Longmuir
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Psychosocial Health ◽  
Emotional Quality ◽  
Child Reports ◽  
Proxy Reports ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Internalising Problems ◽  
Parent Proxy ◽  
Parent Child

AbstractPsychosocial health issues are common among children with cardiac diagnoses. Understanding parent and child perceptions is important because parents are the primary health information source. Significant discrepancies have been documented between parent/child quality-of-life data but have not been examined among psychosocial diagnostic instruments. This study examined agreement and discrepancies between parent and child reports of psychosocial health and quality of life in the paediatric cardiology population. Children (n=50, 6–14 years) with diagnoses of CHDs (n=38), arrhythmia (n=5), cardiomyopathy (n=4), or infectious disease affecting the heart (n=3) were enrolled, completing one or more outcome measures. Children and their parents completed self-reports and parent proxy reports of quality of life – Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory – and psychosocial health – Behavioral Assessment Scale for Children (Version 2). Patients also completed the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children. Associations (Pearson’s correlations, Intraclass Correlation Coefficients) and differences (Student’s t-tests) between parent proxy reports and child self-reports were evaluated. Moderate parent–child correlations were found for physical (R=0.33, p=0.03), school (R=0.43, p<0.01), social (R=0.36, p=0.02), and overall psychosocial (R=0.43, p<0.01) quality of life. Parent–child reports of externalising behaviour problems, for example aggression, were strongly correlated (R=0.70, p<0.01). No significant parent–child associations were found for emotional quality of life (R=0.25, p=0.10), internalising problems (R=0.17, p=0.56), personal adjustment/adaptation skills (R=0.23, p=0.42), or anxiety (R=0.07, p=0.72). Our data suggest that clinicians caring for paediatric cardiac patients should assess both parent and child perspectives, particularly in relation to domains such as anxiety and emotional quality of life, which are more difficult to observe.

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