The Impact of Video-Based Educational Interventions on Cervical Cancer, Pap Smear and HPV Vaccines

Background: Video-based interventions have the potential to contribute to long-lasting improvements in health-seeking behaviours. Ghana's upsurge rate of information and communication technology usage presents an opportunity to improve the awareness of HPV vaccination and screening rates of cervical cancer among women in Ghana. This research aimed to assess the impact of video-based educational intervention centred on the Health Belief and Transtheoretical Models of behavioural changes in promoting HPV vaccination, cervical carcinoma awareness and willingness to have Pap smear test (PST) among women in Ghana.Methods: To achieve the intended sample size, convenient, purposive and stratified random sampling techniques were used. SPSS v. 23.0 was used in the data analysis. Percentages and frequencies were used to represent participants' demographic characteristics, knowledge of (1) cervical carcinoma, (2) human papillomavirus vaccine, and (3) Pap smear test. The chi-square test by McNemar was employed to evaluate variations in the post- and pre-intervention responses. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The level of significance was adjusted owing to multiple comparisons by using the Bonferroni's correction.Results: Before the intervention, 84.2% of the participant had some knowledge or information about cervical cancer, but after the intervention, 100% of the participant became aware of cervical cancer which represents 15.8% increment at a P < .001. The willingness to have a pap smear test increased from 35.8% to 94.2% (df = 58.4%, P < .001) after the educational intervention. The willingness to be vaccinated increased from 47.5% to 81.7% (df = 34.2%, P < .001) after the educational intervention. Six months after the intervention, participants were followed-up. 253 (42.2%) participants had gone for cervical cancer screening (Pap smear test) while 347 (57.8%) participants had not been screened. In terms of HPV vaccination, 192 participants (32.0%) had begun their HPV vaccination cycle.Conclusion: The study results show that health education, using videos, may be influential in perception changing, self-efficacy improvement and the understanding of cervical carcinoma screening and HPV vaccination.

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Educational intervention on knowledge of cervical cancer and uptake of Pap smear test among market women in Niger State, Nigeria

Journal of Public Health in Africa ◽

10.4081/jphia.2017.575 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Godwin Jiya Gana ◽

Mansur O. Oche ◽

Jessica Timane Ango ◽

Aminu Umar Kaoje ◽

Kehinde Joseph Awosan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Educational Intervention ◽

Pap Smear ◽

Female Genital Tract ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Post Intervention ◽

Pap Smear Test ◽

Smear Test ◽

Market Women

Cervical cancer is the most common female genital tract carcinoma worldwide. It is increasingly becoming the leading carcinoma seen among women in the developing world. The aim of our study was to showcase the effect of educational intervention on the knowledge of cervical cancer and subsequently the uptake of Pap smear test amongst market women in Niger state, Nigeria. The state has a rich network of markets in all the local government areas because of the fishing activities, bountiful agricultural produce yearly and its situation to the North of the national capital, Abuja. This was a quasi-experimental study conducted in two groups with pre and post intervention data collection. Sample size was determined based on a previous similar study done in Nigeria. Multi stage sampling technique was used for recruiting the study participants. SPSS statistical software was used for data entry, editing and analysis. Respondents’ knowledge of cervical cancer were comparable at pre-intervention but were statistically significantly better (P<0.0001) at post-intervention in the intervention group compared to the control group for every variable measured. However, there was only a (Fisher’s exact, P=0.621) compared to the control group. This study showed an increase in knowledge about cervical cancer and Pap smear test however the uptake of Pap smear test remained low even after intervention. This underscores the need for sustained intervention programs to eventually translate knowledge acquired to habitual practice.

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Women's Knowledge of Pap Smear Test and Human Papillomavirus: Acceptance of HPV Vaccination to Themselves and Their Daughters in an Islamic Society

International Journal of Gynecological Cancer ◽

10.1111/igc.0b013e3181dda2b9 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

pp. 1058-1062 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Erdin Ilter ◽

Aygen Celik ◽

Berna Haliloglu ◽

Elif Unlugedik ◽

Ahmet Midi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Cervical Cancer ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

Hpv Vaccine ◽

Pap Smear ◽

Hpv Vaccination ◽

Cervix Uteri ◽

Pap Smear Test ◽

Smear Test

Objective:Cancer of cervix uteri is the second most common cancer among women, and it has been shown to be caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in more than 99% of cases. We surveyed Muslim Turkish women, who mostly accept talking about sex as a taboo, to examine their knowledge about Papanicolaou (Pap) smear test, HPV, HPV vaccine, and their attitude toward vaccination to themselves and their daughters.Methods:We surveyed 525 women aged between 19 and 53 years to examine their knowledge about cervical cancer screening Pap smear test, HPV, HPV vaccine, and their attitude toward vaccination to themselves and their daughters with a questionnaire that is consisted of 5 parts with a total of 31 items.Results:The knowledge of cervical screening was high (70%), and 51% of the subjects were at least once had a Pap smear test, but most respondents (56%) had never heard of HPV. For most women, recommendations from health workers (67%) were the major influences in deciding to get vaccinated.Conclusions:The importance of successful introduction on the vaccine by the drug providers and health care professionals in Turkey was shown in this present study with a high rate of awareness of cervical cancer vaccine. "Early-age vaccination knowledge" before any sexual contact is probably due to the correct education of mothers by health care professionals. The professionals should be educated and trained about HPV, vaccination, and its relation with cervical cancer to increase the knowledge about it.

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Impact of counseling on cervical cancer and its screening on women knowledge, health beliefs and protective practices

International Journal of Advanced Nursing Studies ◽

10.14419/ijans.v7i2.12989 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 85

Author(s):

Hoda HosseAbedelAzim Mohamedin ◽

Yosria El-sayed Hossein

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Health Beliefs ◽

Pap Smear ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Pap Smear Test ◽

Smear Test ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

The Impact

Background: Cervical cancer can be preventable or detected early especially with a series of regular screening with Pap tests.Aim of the study: The aim of this study were to evaluate the impact of counseling on cervical cancer and its screening on women knowledge, health beliefs and protective practices.Subjects and Methods: A quasi-experimental design was used. A convenient ample of 120 women were randomly divided into experimental and control groups, each group consisted of 60 women were recruited from outpatient clinic at Obstetrics and Gynecology Department at Minia General Hospital.Results It can be observed that, 86% of the women in the intervention group had good knowledge compared to only 17% of the control group and the difference is statistically significant. The mean score of perceived susceptibility and barriers in both groups was reduced but the decrease was significantly higher in the intervention group (P<0.004). The mean score of perceived severity and benefits in both groups were increased, but the increased mean score in the intervention group was higher. A highly statistical significant difference was observed between groups regarding protective practices (p = .001).Conclusion: It can be concluded that there was a highly statistical significant improvement in women knowledge was observed and the higher positive beliefs about perceived benefits of preventive health practices, susceptibility, severity, health motivation and reduced the barriers of pap smear this can influence women’s willingness to take preventive test and higher participation in regular Pap smear test in the intervention group. The most commonly barriers to screening cited in our study are lack of knowledge.Recommendations: on the light of this findings it is recommended that, women should be encouraged to take responsibility for their own health and be active participants in the screening program, More educational intervention is needed to encourage adherence to routine cancer screening with raising women’s awareness about cervical cancer, The barriers to Pap smear test are considered by the health authorities in order to overcome barriers of cervical cancer screening.

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Cervical Cancer Awareness and Practice of Pap Smear Test Among Women with Gynecological Problems

Journal of Nepal Medical Association ◽

10.31729/jnma.3633 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 56 (211) ◽

pp. 654-657 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Meena Thapa

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Pap Smear ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Educational Status ◽

Married Women ◽

Cancer Cervix ◽

Pap Smear Test ◽

Smear Test ◽

Knowledge Of Cancer ◽

The Impact

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the most common cancer in women in Nepal. Pap smear test is the most important screening test for cervical cancer, which helps in reducing mortality from it. This study is to assess the knowledge of cancer cervix and practice of Pap smear test and to analyze the impact of educational status on them. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study, carried out among the married women who attended the Out Patient Department for gynecological problems at Kathmandu Medical College. Structured questionnaires were used to collect the data. The questionnaire consisted of three sections which included the demographic profile in first part , second part included assessment of the knowledge of cancer cervix, and third part included evaluation of the utilization of Pap smear test. Results: A total of 205 married women were included in the study. Out of them, 74% were aware of cancer cervix. Only 39% of women were aware of Pap smear test. Pap smear test coverage was 16.6% in studied population. Main reason of not doing Pap smear test was lack of knowledge of the test. High educational status of the women had significant positive impact on knowledge of cancer cervix and practice of Pap smear test. Conclusions: The knowledge of cancer cervix was good in our women, but knowledge and the practice of Pap smear test was poor. Good educational status of the women was found to influence the on knowledge of cancer cervix and uptake of Pap smear test.

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Knowledge, attitude and behaviors of the mothers of 10-15 year old daughters regarding cervical cancer and HPV vaccine 10-15 yaş arası kız çocuğu olan annelerin rahim ağzı kanseri ve HPV aşısı konusunda bilgi, tutum ve davranışları

Journal of Human Sciences ◽

10.14687/jhs.v15i2.5097 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 1072 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Meltem Kürtüncü ◽

Nurten Arslan ◽

Işın Alkan ◽

Özgür Bahadır

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Hpv Vaccine ◽

Pap Smear ◽

Hpv Vaccination ◽

English Summary ◽

University Hospital ◽

Pap Smear Test ◽

Smear Test ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Behaviors

This study was performed to determine the knowledge, attitude and behaviors of the mothers of 10-15 year old daughters regarding cervical cancer and HPV vaccination. This was a descriptive and sectional study. 100 mothers among the ones who admitted to the polyclinic to a university hospital who approved to participate in the study were included in the study. Data collection form was prepared by the researcher and collected by face-to-face interview technique. Chi-Square test was used in statistical analyse. It was observed that 47% of the mothers have not heard about HPV but about 67% of mothers HPV vaccination. It was seen that 91% have known that HPV caused cervical cancer and 88% of the mothers have heard pap smear test, but 56% have not undergone the test. 88% of the mothers have heard pap smear test, but 56% have not undergone the test. 15% of the mothers wanted to be informed about the reliability, 9% of side effects, 14% protection level and 12% of protection duration of the vaccine. When education status of the mothers and whether they give information to their children about health issues were examined, it was increased about hearing HPV vaccine and there was a signifant difference about giving knowledge rate their children. And also, there was a significant difference about giving knowledge, especially general health status, and knowledge level of mothers who were working. In conclusion, it should be provided to plan and disseminate education programs for the mothers about cervical cancer, HPV and HPV vaccine. Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetAraştırma 10-15 yaş arası kız çocuğu olan annelerin rahim ağzı kanseri ve HPV aşısı hakkında bilgi, tutum, davranışlarını belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı. Araştırma tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tiptedir. Araştırmaya bir üniversite hastanesinin polikliniğine başvuran ve 10-15 yaş arası kız çocuğu olan 100 anne alındı. Veriler araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan katılımcı bilgi formuyla yüz yüze görüşme yöntemiyle toplandı. İstatiksel analizde ki-kare testi kullanıldı. Annelerin %47’sinin HPV enfeksiyonunu daha önce duymadığı ancak %67’sinin HPV aşısını daha önce duyduğu görüldü. Annelerin %91’inin HPV’ nin rahim ağzı kanserine neden olduğunu bildiği görülürken, %88’inin rahim ağzı kanserini ve papsmear testini duyduğu, ancak %56’sının pap smear testini yaptırmadığı belirlendi. Annelerin %15’i aşının güvenilirliği, %9’u yan etkileri, %14’ü koruyuculuk düzeyi, %12’si koruma süresi hakkında bilgilendirilmek istediğini ifade etti. Annelerin eğitim durumlarına göre çocuklarına sağlık konusunda bilgi verip vermediklerine bakıldığında annelerin eğitim seviyesi arttıkça HPV aşısını duyma oranlarının artışı ve çocuklarını bilgilendirme oranları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptanmıştır. Çalışan annelerin özellikle genel sağlık ile ilgili konularda bilgi verme ve HPV ile ilgili bilgi durumları arasında da anlamlı fark bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, annelere rahim ağzı kanseri, HPV ve HPV aşısı ile ilgili eğitim programlarının planlanması ve bilgi durumlarının artması için de yaygınlaştırılması önerilmektedir.

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Predictors of Pap Smear Test Based on Protection Motivation Theory among Women of Shahree-kord

The Journal of Tolooebehdasht ◽

10.18502/tbj.v17i4.185 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Ali MorowatiSharifAbad ◽

Zahra MohammadYousefi Vardanjani ◽

Ziba Raiisi ◽

Mohsen AskariShahi

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Pap Smear ◽

Protection Motivation Theory ◽

Self Report ◽

Protection Motivation ◽

Motivation Theory ◽

Perceived Severity ◽

Pap Smear Test ◽

Smear Test ◽

Study Results

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer and one of the most important causes of death among women worldwide. Although this cancer is one of the most important women's health issues in the developing countries, it is preventable fortunately and Pap smear test is an effective screening method for its prevention and early diagnosis. This study aimed to determine the predictors of Pap smear test among women in Shahr-e-kord based on protection motivation theory. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 290 eligible women of Shahr-e-kord city in 2016. The study tool was a researcher-made questionnaire based on the protection motivation theory, which was completed by participants as self-report. To analyze the data, t-test, logistic regression, and ANOVA were used. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed in the mean scores of perceived severity (p=0.004), perceived self-efficacy (P=0.000), perceived response efficacy (P=0.008), and protection motivation (P=0.01) based on the behavior. Moreover, the perceived severity (OR=1.12) and perceived rewards (OR=0.90) were the statistically significant predictors of Pap smear test among women in Shahre-e-kord city. Conclusion: The study results confirmed the predictive role of protection motivation theory in the protective behavior of cervical cancer (Pap smear).

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Factors associated with the intention to undergo Pap smear testing in the rural areas of Indonesia: a health belief model

Reproductive Health ◽

10.1186/s12978-021-01188-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sumarmi Sumarmi ◽

Yu-Yun Hsu ◽

Ya-Min Cheng ◽

Shu-Hsin Lee

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Health Beliefs ◽

Rural Women ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Pap Smear ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Health Belief ◽

Pap Smear Test ◽

Smear Test ◽

Smear Testing

Abstract Purposes This study aimed to understand the influence of health beliefs, demographic factors, and health characteristics on the intention to undergo Pap smear testing among women in rural areas of Indonesia. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted and 687 married women participated in the study. A convenience sampling was applied to recruit the participants from community health centres in a rural region in Indonesia. Self-reported data using the Health Beliefs Model Scale for Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear Test was collected to assess the health beliefs. Independent t-tests, simple logistic regressions, and a hierarchical logistic regression with 3 steps were run. Statistical significance for analysis was set at p < 0.05. Results The mean age of the participants was 42 years (SD = 8.4). Among the participants, 81% of the women had never undergone a Pap smear test, and 61% (n = 422) of the women reported a high intention of receiving a Pap smear test. Income and education Health beliefs regarding Pap smear testing were different between women who had low and high intentions to undergo Pap smear testing. Health beliefs, such as perceived benefits, severity, barriers to Pap smear testing, and health motivation for a Pap smear test were associated with the intention to undergo Pap smear testing among rural Indonesian women. Overall, the hierarchical multiple regression with 3 steps containing demographic, health characteristics, and health belief variables accounted for 31% variance of the intention to undergo Pap smear test among the Indonesian rural women. Conclusions Low screening rates of cervical cancer and high intentions to do the screening exist among rural Indonesian women. Health beliefs significantly affect the rural women’s intention of Pap smear testing in Indonesia.

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