Prevalence of Dementia in China in 2015: A Nationwide Community-Based Study

Objective: This study aims to estimate the prevalence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and associated risk factors among the general Chinese population.Methods: We carried out a nationwide study including 24,117 participants aged 60 years and older in China using a multistage clustered sampling. Dementia and AD were diagnosed according to the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and the criteria issued by the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke–Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association. Face-to-face interviews were administered by the trained interviewers to obtain information on demographics, lifestyle factors, and previous diseases.Results: The overall weighted prevalence of dementia was 4.22% (95%CI 2.27–6.17%) for people aged 60 years and older, was higher in women than in men and increased with age. Daily tea drinking and daily exercises were the protective factors for both dementia and AD. Engaging in social and intellectual activities was significantly associated with a lower risk of dementia and AD.Conclusions: A large number of population with dementia posed a significant challenge to China where the population is rapidly aging. The increase of public awareness, building more care facilities, and training dementia specialists and professional caregivers are all urgently needed and should be the future priorities of dementia care in China.

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A 9-Year Comparison of Dementia Prevalence in Korea: Results of NaSDEK 2008 and 2017

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease ◽

10.3233/jad-201588 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Seung Wan Suh ◽

You Joung Kim ◽

Kyung Phil Kwak ◽

Kiwon Kim ◽

Moon-Doo Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Vascular Dementia ◽

Nationwide Survey ◽

Stage Design ◽

Statistical Manual ◽

Dementia Prevalence ◽

Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽

Nonsignificant Decrease ◽

Prevalence Of Dementia

Background: In many high-income Western countries, the prevalence of dementia had been reduced over the past decades. Objective: We investigated whether the prevalence of all-cause dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) had changed in Korea from 2008 to 2017. Methods: Nationwide Survey on Dementia Epidemiology of Korea (NaSDEK) in 2008 and 2017 was conducted on representative elderly populations that were randomly sampled across South Korea. Both surveys employed a two-stage design (screening and diagnostic phases) and diagnosed dementia and MCI according to the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and the consensus criteria from the International Working Group, respectively. The numbers of participants aged 65 years or older in the screening and diagnostic phases were 6,141 and 1,673 in the NaSDEK 2008 and 2,972 and 474 in the NaSDEK 2017, respectively. Results: The age- and sex-standardized prevalence of all-cause dementia and Alzheimer’s disease showed nonsignificant decrease (12.3% to 9.8%, odds ratio [OR] = 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.54–1.48 for all-cause dementia; 7.6% to 6.8%, OR [95% CI] = 0.91 [0.58–1.42] for Alzheimer’s disease). Vascular dementia decreased in the young-old population aged less than 75 years (2.7% to 0.001%, OR [95% CI] = 0.04 [0.01–0.15]) and in women (1.9% to 0.5%, OR [95% CI] = 0.27 [0.10–0.72]) while MCI remained stable (25.3% to 26.2%, OR [95% CI] = 1.08 [0.67–1.73]). Conclusion: We found that the prevalence of dementia in Korea showed a nonsignificant decrease between 2008 and 2017.

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United States

Dementia Care: International Perspectives ◽

10.1093/med/9780198796046.003.0041 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 305-312

Author(s):

Angela M Lunde ◽

Ronald C Petersen ◽

John A Lucas

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Research Funding ◽

Public Awareness ◽

The United States ◽

Care Quality ◽

National Plan ◽

Genetic Studies ◽

Number Of Treatment

In the United States, the National Alzheimer’s Project Act was signed into law in January 2011, and the first National Plan appeared just over 12 months later, with five goals: to prevent and effectively treat Alzheimer’s disease by 2025, to enhance care quality and efficiency, to expand support for people with Alzheimer’s disease and their families, to enhance public awareness and engagement, and to improve data to track progress. The National Plan has seen a rise in research funding (currently standing at US$1.4 billion). Individual states, at the same time, began discussions about initiatives aimed at addressing personal, societal, and financial implications of Alzheimer’s disease. An example is from Minnesota where counselling and support for caregivers are provided, with an estimated saving for the state of Minnesota of US$970 million by 2025. In addition, a number of treatment trials are under way, looking at the effect of monoclonal antibodies on Alzheimer’s disease and a series of genetic studies.

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Gender and Age Differences and the Trend in the Incidence and Prevalence of Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease in Taiwan: A 7-Year National Population-Based Study

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2019/5378540 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Chih-Ching Liu ◽

Chung-Yi Li ◽

Yu Sun ◽

Susan C. Hu

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Age Differences ◽

Population Based ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Research Database ◽

Gender And Age ◽

Taiwan National Health Insurance ◽

Gender And Age Differences ◽

Prevalence Of Dementia

Background. Very few nationwide studies have focused on the variations in the incidence and prevalence of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in Asian countries. This study aims to describe the gender and age differences in the incidence and prevalence of dementia and AD in Taiwan. Methods. The data on dementia and AD were acquired from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database from 2004 to 2010. The sex and age-specific rates were standardized, and the differences of gender and age on dementia or AD were assessed using Poisson regression analysis. Results. Over seven years, the prevalence of dementia and AD significantly increased from 4.7 to 7.6 per hundred people (β = 0.0784, p<0.0001) and 2.3 to 3.5 per hundred people (β = 0.0696, p<0.0001), respectively. However, the incidence of both dementia and AD decreased but not significantly from 10.9 to 10.7 and 4.9 to 4.6 per thousand person-years, respectively. Noticeably, both incidence and prevalence increased with age and were higher in women than in men. Conclusions. The standardized incidence rates of dementia and AD are much lower than the data reported in some studies from Europe, the US, and Japan. Further studies are warranted to explore which factors are associated with the differences in the incidence of dementia and AD in Taiwan.

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Risk factors for dementia

Advances in Psychiatric Treatment ◽

10.1192/apt.7.1.24 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 24-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Catriona D. McCullagh ◽

David Craig ◽

Stephen P. McIlroy ◽

A. Peter Passmore

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Vascular Dementia ◽

Lewy Body ◽

Lewy Body Dementia ◽

Population Demographics ◽

Common Cause ◽

Generic Term ◽

Prevalence Of Dementia

There is little doubt that dementia is a very common cause of disability and dependency in our society. Since dementia of whatever type is usually more common with increasing age, then as population demographics change, so will the prevalence of dementia. Dementia is a generic term and the objective for clinicians, once dementia is suspected, is to attempt to define the cause. Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia, and in most centres vascular dementia would feature as the next most common aetiology. In some centres, Lewy body dementia is the second most common cause. Mixed Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia would also feature high on the list at most centres.

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Exploring Pathways to Hospital Care for Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias in Rural South Western Uganda

10.21203/rs.2.12291/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nathan Kakongi ◽

Godfrey Zari Rukundo ◽

Bizu Galaye ◽

Edith K. Wakida ◽

Celestino Obua ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Health Care ◽

Hospital Care ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Spiritual Healing ◽

Traditional Healers ◽

Pathways To Care ◽

Care Seeking ◽

Southwestern Uganda

Abstract Background: In order to analyze use of health services and identify sources of delays in accessing the right care for patients with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (AD/ADRD), understanding of care seeking pathways is needed. The objectives of this study were: (i) to explore pathways to hospital care for patients with AD/ADRD and (ii) to describe challenges experienced by the patients and their families while seeking health care. Methods: Using purposive sampling, 30-in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted among caregivers of elderly patients diagnosed with dementia from rural Southwestern, Uganda. Data was analyzed using ATLAS.Ti software. Results: There was variability in pathways to care from individual to individual. There was one broader theme captured: points of care choice with four broader categories: hospitals, clinics, places of religious worship and traditional healers’ shrines, each with its facilitating factors, outcomes and challenges encountered. Most of the respondents reported use of hospitals at first and second visit to the health care point but places of religious worship became more common from third to sixth health care encounter.. Major improvements (58.1%) were observed on hospital use but little or no help with prayers, clinics and traditional healers. The challenges experienced with formal points of care focused on lack and cost of prescribed drugs, weakening effect of the drugs, lack of skills to manage the condition, and lack of improvement in quality of life. These challenges together with knowledge gap about the disease and belief in spiritual healing facilitated the shift from formal to informal health care pathways, more particularly the places of religious worship. Conclusions: Our study findings indicate that caregivers/families of patients with dementia went to different places both formal and informal care settings while seeking health care. However, hospital point of care was more frequent at initial health care visits while places of worship took the lead at subsequent visits. Although no specific pathway reported, most of them begin with hospital (formal) and end with non-formal. We recommend that health systems carry out public awareness on dementia. Key words: Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias, caregiver, dementia, pathways to health care and Southwestern Uganda.

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Exploring Pathways to Hospital Care for Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias in Rural South Western Uganda

10.21203/rs.2.12291/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Nathan Kakongi ◽

Godfrey Zari Rukundo ◽

Bizu Galaye ◽

Edith K. Wakida ◽

Celestino Obua ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Health Care ◽

Hospital Care ◽

Health Workers ◽

Point Of Care ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Traditional Healers ◽

Pathways To Care ◽

Care Seeking

Abstract Background: In order to analyze use of health services and identify sources of delays in accessing the right care for patients with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (AD/ADRD), understanding of care seeking pathways is needed. The objectives of this study were: (i) to explore pathways to hospital care for patients with AD/ADRD and (ii) to describe challenges experienced by the patients and their families while seeking health care. Methods: Using purposive sampling, 30-in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted among caregivers of elderly patients diagnosed with dementia from rural Southwestern, Uganda. Data was analyzed using ATLAS.Ti software. Results: There was variability in pathways to care from individual to individual. The points of care varied from one to four including; hospitals, clinics, places of worship and traditional healers with one to six point of care visits. Two broad themes were identified: (1) points of care choice and perceived care outcomes; (2) challenges encountered at various points of care. Most of the respondents reported use of hospitals at first and second visit to the health care point (53.3% and 67.9% respectively), but reduced to none at 5th and 6th encounters. Places of worship, clinics and traditional healer’s shrine received few patients but places of worship became more common from third point of care encounter to the sixth. Major improvements (58.1%) were observed on hospital use but little or no help with prayers, clinics and traditional healers. The challenges experienced with formal points of care focused on cost of prescribed drugs, weakening effect of the drugs, health workers’ rudeness, lack of skills to manage the condition, and lack of improvement in quality of life. Conclusions: Study findings indicate that caregivers and or families of patients with dementia go to different places both formal and informal care settings while seeking health care. However, hospital point of care was more frequent at first and second points of care visit while places of worship took the lead at subsequent visits. Although no specific pathway reported, most of them begin with hospital (formal) and end with non-formal. We recommend that health systems carry out public awareness on dementia.

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IMPLEMENTING A MEMORY CLINIC MODEL TO FACILITATE RECRUITMENT INTO EARLY PHASE CLINICAL TRIALS FOR MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease ◽

10.14283/jpad.2019.8 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

L. Park ◽

C. Kouhanim ◽

S. Lee ◽

Z. Mendoza ◽

K. Patrick ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

Early Phase ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Research Participation ◽

Memory Clinic ◽

Local Organizations ◽

Clinical Pharmacology Unit ◽

Referring Physicians

Background: The recruitment challenges for MCI and AD subjects into clinical trials are well known, and this is particularly true for early phase studies. Currently, only 10-20% of all patients who are referred for research from the community are trial eligible (Grill and Karlawish, 2011). Due to the limited and specific study objectives in early phase study designs, these rates drop to approximately one patient every two months. Barriers to research recruitment are multi-factorial, involving patient centered factors, issues related to caregiver/study partner participation, and aspects related to the involvement of their treating physicians. To address this challenge, we implemented a Memory Clinic within PAREXEL’s Early Phase Clinical Pharmacology Unit. Our objective was to significantly facilitate recruitment into AD clinical trials by providing resources and education to patients, their treating physicians, and caregivers in the community. Method: The Clinic’s primary goals were to increase research visibility and partnerships with local organizations and referring physicians. Members of the research team co-sponsored community outreach events with local organizations, thereby increasing awareness about the services of this memory clinic. Secondly, physician outreach was expanded to include those who were not previously amenable to clinical trial referrals. Finally, Memory Clinic patients were given clinical evaluations, free of charge and the results were discussed with the patients and their caregivers. If the patients were interested in hearing more about possible research opportunities, they were referred to the early phase unit for a screening visit. Results: We found that new referrals for research participation significantly increased as a result of this new paradigm. In 2016, 12 patients diagnosed with MCI or AD per protocol, were referred to a research study and 3 were randomized. In 2017, 98 patients were referred and 16 were enrolled In addition, our referral network increased with 30 physicians over a 20 mile radius. Collaborations with national non-profit organizations also increased, thereby increasing public awareness about the importance of research participation in the development of new treatments for Alzheimer’s Disease. Conclusions: In summary, community engagement and providing referring physicians with a clinical service improved recruitment significantly for our phase 1 unit. Resource education, staff training, and dedicated medical professionals can significantly improve awareness about clinical research participation and provide additional participants over and above traditional recruitment methods and trial registry enrollment in a large urban area.

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Cognitive telerehabilitation in mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementia: A systematic review

Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare ◽

10.1177/1357633x17740390 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 67-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Maria Cotelli ◽

Rosa Manenti ◽

Michela Brambilla ◽

Elena Gobbi ◽

Clarissa Ferrari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Frontotemporal Dementia ◽

Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽

Face To Face ◽

Positive Effects

Introduction Given the limited effectiveness of pharmacological treatments, non-pharmacological interventions in neurodegenerative diseases have gained increasing attention in recent years and telerehabilitation has been proposed as a cognitive rehabilitation strategy. The purpose of this systematic review is to examine the evidence for the efficacy of cognitive telerehabilitation interventions compared with face-to-face rehabilitation in patients with mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementia. Methods In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic search of the Medline database was conducted. Out of 14 articles assessed for eligibility, five studies were identified, three in participants with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer’s disease, two in patients with primary progressive aphasia. Results The Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale was used to assess the methodological quality of four out of five studies included in this systematic review, with only one report receiving a high-quality rating. Effect-size analysis evidenced positive effects of telerehabilitation interventions, comparable with those reported for face-to-face rehabilitation. Discussion The available evidence for the effectiveness of cognitive telerehabilitation is limited, and the quality of the evidence needs to be improved. The systematic review provides preliminary evidence suggesting that cognitive telerehabilitation for neurodegenerative disease may have comparable effects as conventional in-person cognitive rehabilitation.

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