scholarly journals Maternal Secondhand Smoke Exposure Enhances Macrosomia Risk Among Pregnant Women Exposed to PM2.5: A New Interaction of Two Air Pollutants in a Nationwide Cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunyun Luo ◽  
Yuelun Zhang ◽  
Hui Pan ◽  
Shi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Interaction Models ◽  
First Trimester Pregnancy ◽  
Trimester Pregnancy ◽  
Weight Outcomes ◽  
Shs Exposure

Background: Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is one of the most common outdoor air pollutants, and secondhand smoking (SHS) is an important source of inhalable indoor air pollution. Previous studies were controversial and inconsistent about PM2.5 and SHS air pollutants on neonatal birth weight outcomes, and no studies assessed the potential interactive effects between PM2.5 and SHS on birth weight outcomes.Purpose: To investigate the interaction between gestational PM2.5 and SHS air pollution exposure on the risk of macrosomia among pregnant women and examine the modifying effect of SHS exposure on the association of PM2.5 air pollution and birth weight outcomes during pregnancy.Methods: Research data were derived from the National Free Preconception Health Examination Project (NFPHEP), which lasted 3 years from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2012. At least 240,000 Chinese women from 220 counties were enrolled in this project. PM2.5 exposure concentration was obtained using a hindcast model specific for historical PM2.5 estimation from satellite-retrieved aerosol optic depth. Different interaction models about air pollution exposure on birth weight outcomes were established, according to the adjustment of different confounding factors and different pregnancy stages. The establishment of interaction models was based on multivariable logistic regression, and the main confounding factors were maternal age at delivery and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) of participants. SHS subgroups analysis was conducted to further confirm the results of interaction models.Results: In total, 197,877 participants were included in our study. In the full-adjusted interaction model, maternal exposure to PM2.5 was associated with an increased risk of macrosomia in whole, the first-, second-, and third trimesters of pregnancy (p < 0.001). The interactive effect was statistically significant between maternal exposure to PM2.5 and SHS on the risk of macrosomia in the whole (interaction p < 0.050) and the first-trimester pregnancy (interaction p < 0.050), not in the second (interaction p > 0.050) or third trimester (interaction p > 0.050) of pregnancy. The higher frequency of SHS exposure prompted the stronger interaction between the two air pollutants in the whole pregnancy and the first-trimester pregnancy.Conclusions: In the whole and first-trimester pregnancy, maternal exposure to SHS during pregnancy enhanced the risk of macrosomia among pregnant women exposed to PM2.5 air pollutants, and the interaction became stronger with the higher frequency of SHS exposure.

Maternal Secondhand Smoke Exposure Enhances Macrosomia Risk among Pregnant Women Exposed to PM2.5: A New Interaction of Two Air Pollutants in A Nationwide Cohort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
yunyun Luo ◽  
yuelun zhang ◽  
hui pan ◽  
shi chen
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Maternal Exposure ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Interaction Models ◽  
First Trimester Pregnancy ◽  
Trimester Pregnancy ◽  
Shs Exposure

Abstract BACKGROUND Previous studies have been controversial and inconsistent about fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and secondhand smoking (SHS) air pollutants on neonatal birthweight outcomes and there were no published studies assessing the potential interactive effects between PM2.5 and SHS on birthweight outcomes. PURPOSE To investigate interaction between gestational PM2.5 and SHS air pollution exposure on the risk of macrosomia among pregnant women. METHODS Research data were derived from National Free Preconception Health Examination Project (NFPHEP). Data cleaning process was conducted following strict screening standards to ensure eligibility of participants in our study. Different interaction models about air pollution on birthweight outcomes were established, according to different confounding factors adjustment and different pregnancy stages. SHS subgroups analysis were conducted to further confirm the results of interaction models. RESULTS Totally, 197877 participants were included in our study. In full-adjusted interaction model, maternal exposure to PM2.5 was associated with an increased risk of macrosomia in whole (p < 0.001), the first (p < 0.001), second (p < 0.001) and third (p < 0.001) trimester of pregnancy. However, there was a trend for gestational exposure to SHS with risk of low birthweight, but not statistically significant (occasional SHS exposure (p = 0.099); frequent SHS exposure (p = 0.272)). Interaction effect was statistically significant between maternal exposure to PM2.5 and SHS on the risk of macrosomia in the whole pregnancy (all interaction p < 0.050) and the first trimester pregnancy (all interaction p < 0.050), not in the second (all interaction p > 0.050) or third trimester (all interaction p > 0.050) of pregnancy. The higher frequency of SHS exposure prompts stronger interaction between the two air pollutants in the whole and the first trimester pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS In the whole pregnancy and the first trimester pregnancy, maternal exposure to SHS during pregnancy enhances the risk of macrosomia among pregnant women exposed to PM2.5 air pollutant, and the interaction became stronger with more frequent exposure to SHS.

scholarly journals Periodontal Health Status and Associated Factors: Findings of a Prenatal Oral Health Program in South Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Silveira da Mota Krüger ◽  
Renata Picanço Casarin ◽  
Letycia Barros Gonçalves ◽  
Fernanda Geraldo Pappen ◽  
Fernanda Oliveira Bello-Correa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
First Trimester Pregnancy ◽  
Trimester Pregnancy ◽  
Gingival Bleeding ◽  
Periodontal Index ◽  
Community Periodontal Index ◽  
Pregnancy Status

Objective.The aims of this study were to evaluate the periodontal health of pregnant women and to investigate the association of periodontal status with demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, as well as medical and dental history.Materials and Methods.A total of 311 pregnant women were interviewed to obtain sociodemographic data along with medical and dental histories. Clinical examinations were performed to record the presence of visible plaque, gingival bleeding, and caries activity. The periodontal condition was evaluated by Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) in one tooth of each sextant (16, 11, 26, 36, 31, and 46).Results.After the adjustment analysis, the presence of visible plaque remained the main determinant of gingival bleeding (OR = 2.91, CI = 1.91–4.48). First-trimester pregnancy status was also a predictor, with a lower prevalence of gingival bleeding observed in the second (OR = 0.87, CI = 0.77–0.99) and third (OR = 0.82, CI = 0.73–0.93) trimesters.Conclusion.In pregnant women, the presence of dental plaque and first-trimester pregnancy status were the main implicated factors predicting gingival bleeding.

859: First-trimester pregnancy-associated plasma protein and birth weight

2015 ◽  
Vol 212 (1) ◽  
pp. S411-S412
Author(s):  
Rebecca Baer ◽  
Deirdre Lyell ◽  
Mary Norton ◽  
Robert Currier ◽  
Laura Jelliffe-Pawlowski
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
First Trimester Pregnancy ◽  
Trimester Pregnancy

scholarly journals The Effect of Ginger Extract Consumption on Reducing Morning Sickness in First Trimester of Pregnant Women at Pratama Mariana Clinic Medan, North Sumatra

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurhidaya Fitria ◽  
◽  
Ida Lestari Tampubolon ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ginger Extract ◽  
Morning Sickness ◽  
First Trimester Pregnancy ◽  
Trimester Pregnancy ◽  
North Sumatra

ABSTRACT Background: Nausea and vomiting are common in pregnant women, and the condition may be a mild or severe disabling disease. Nausea and vomiting are common in the early stages of pregnancy, affecting 70-80% of pregnant mothers. In most women, vomiting begins between 4-7 weeks of pregnancy. Nausea and vomiting are usually mild and self-limiting, but some mothers have a deeper course and cause pregnancy vomiting. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of ginger extract consumption on reducing morning sickness in first trimester of pregnant women at Pratama Mariana Clinic Medan, North Sumatra. Subject and Method: This was a quasi experiment study with pretest-posttest control group design conducted in Pratama Mariana Clinic, Medan from July to August 2018. A sample of 15 pregnant women. The dependent variable was emesis gravidarum. The independent variable was extract of ginger. The data were collected by observation and analyzed by wilcoxon test. Result: The extract of ginger is effective to reduce nausea and vomiting in first trimester pregnancy women after ginger extract was given (Mean= 1.93; SD= 0.26) was higher than before (Mean= 1.20; SD= 0.41), and it was statistically significant (p <0.001). Conclusion: The extract of ginger is effective to reduce nausea and vomiting in first trimester pregnancy women after ginger extract Keywords: Emesis gravidarum, extract of ginger Correspondence: Nurhidaya Fitria. Helvetia Institute of Health, Sumatera Utara. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 082385317328. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.44

scholarly journals Influence of air pollution on birth weight

2011 ◽  
Vol 139 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 651-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Stankovic ◽  
Vladimir Mitrovic ◽  
Radomir Zivadinovic
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Passive Smoking ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Outdoor Air

Introduction. Epidemiological studies point out that exposure to air pollution during pregnancy is a risk for low birth weight. Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of outdoor and indoor air pollution on the occurrence of low birth weight. Methods. The measurement of outdoor air pollutants, sulphur dioxide and black smoke was carried out daily at the Institute for Public Healthcare of Nis at two measuring locations, in Nis and Niska Banja during 2003. Subjects were 367 pregnant women, nonsmokers and who were not profesionally exposed to air pollution. Data on exposure to source of indoor air pollution (passive smoking and mode of heating) was determined on the basis of a questionnaire. Data on the characteristics of newborns were taken from the register of Obstetrics and Gyanecology Clinic of Nis. Results. We determined that exposure of pregnant women to outdoor air pollution and wood heating systems had influence on the occurence of low birth weight. Exposure to passive smoking had no influence on neonatal low birth weight. Conclusion. Exposure of pregnant women to outdoor and indoor air pollutants can have negative influence on the occurrence of low birth weight.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 in first trimester pregnancy – does it affect the fetus?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina la Cour Freiesleben ◽  
Pia Egerup ◽  
Kathrine Vauvert Römmelmayer Hviid ◽  
Elin Rosenbek Severinsen ◽  
Astrid Marie Kolte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Nuchal Translucency ◽  
Grey Zone ◽  
First Trimester Pregnancy ◽  
Trimester Pregnancy ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Test Serum

AbstractBackgroundSeveral viral infections are known to be harmful to the fetus in the first trimester of pregnancy and can cause increased nuchal translucency thickness and pregnancy loss. Currently, no evidence exists regarding possible effects of SARS-CoV-2 in first trimester pregnancies.MethodsCohort 1 included pregnant women with a double test taken between Feb. 17 and Apr. 23, 2020, during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic peak in Denmark. The double test was taken as part of the first trimester risk assessment. Cohort 2 included women with a first trimester pregnancy loss before double test. Serum from the double test or from a blood sample, in case of pregnancy loss, was analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The results were correlated to the nuchal translucency thickness and the number of pregnancy losses.ResultsIn total, 1,019 pregnant women with double test and 36 women with pregnancy loss participated in the study. Thirty (2.9%) women had SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the serum from the double test. All women with pregnancy loss prior to the double test were negative for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. There were no significant differences in nuchal translucency thickness for women testing positive (n=14) versus negative (p=0.20) or grey zone (n=16) versus negative (p=0.28). In total, 54 women experienced a pregnancy loss of whom two had grey zone or positive SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.ConclusionMaternal SARS-CoV-2 infection did not seem harmful in first trimester pregnancies. Infection had no effect on the nuchal translucency thickness and women with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were not overrepresented among women with pregnancy loss.

First trimester pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A and birth weight

2016 ◽  
Vol 198 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca J. Baer ◽  
Deirdre J. Lyell ◽  
Mary E. Norton ◽  
Robert J. Currier ◽  
Laura L. Jelliffe-Pawlowski
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Protein A ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
First Trimester Pregnancy ◽  
Trimester Pregnancy

scholarly journals Perspektif Ibu Hamil Tentang Peran Suami dalam Pemenuhan Gizi Selama Trimester I di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Seginim

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Liya Lugita Sari
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Center ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Adequate Nutrition ◽  
First Trimester Pregnancy ◽  
Trimester Pregnancy ◽  
Work Area ◽  
Quantitative Design

ABSTRACT The role of a husband is very needed to remind his wife to always consume adequate nutrition during pregnancy. Support and the role of the husbands during pregnancy are proven to increase the readiness of pregnant women to face the labor, even production of breast milk. This study aimed to determine the pregnancy women’s perspective about the role of a husband in fulfilling nutrition during first trimester pregnancy in work area of Seginim health center of South Bengkulu regency in 2019. This study used descriptive quantitative design. The population in this study was all of first trimester pregnant women who checked their pregnancy in Seginim health center from January until February 2019 with 79 respondents as the sample. The result of Univariat analysis showed that from 79 respondents, there were 61 respondents (77.2 %) with less prespective and 18 respondents (22.8 %) with sufficient perspective.  

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 in first trimester pregnancy: a cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N la Cour Freiesleben ◽  
P Egerup ◽  
K V R Hviid ◽  
E R Severinsen ◽  
A M Kolte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Nuchal Translucency ◽  
First Trimester Pregnancy ◽  
Trimester Pregnancy ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
First Trimester Scan

Abstract STUDY QUESTION Does maternal infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in first trimester pregnancy have an impact on the fetal development as measured by nuchal translucency thickness and pregnancy loss? SUMMARY ANSWER Nuchal translucency thickness at the first trimester scan was not significantly different in pregnant women with versus without SARS-CoV-2 infection in early pregnancy and there was no significantly increased risk of pregnancy loss in women with SARS-CoV-2 infection in the first trimester. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Pregnant women are more vulnerable to viral infections. Previous coronavirus epidemics have been associated with increased maternal morbidity, mortality and adverse obstetric outcomes. Currently, no evidence exists regarding possible effects of SARS-CoV-2 in first trimester pregnancies. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Cohort study of 1019 women with a double test taken between 17 February and 23 April 2020, as a part of the combined first trimester risk assessment, and 36 women with a first trimester pregnancy loss between 14 April and 21 May 2020, prior to the double test. The study period was during the first SARS-CoV-2 epidemic wave in Denmark. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Cohort 1 included pregnant women with a double test taken within the study period. The excess serum from each double test was analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Results were correlated to the nuchal translucency thickness and the number of pregnancy losses before or at the time of the first trimester scan. Cohort 2 included women with a pregnancy loss before the gestational age for double test sample. Serum from a blood test taken the day the pregnancy loss was identified was analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The study was conducted at a public university hospital serving ∼12% of pregnant women and births in Denmark. All participants in the study provided written informed consent. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Eighteen (1.8%) women had SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the serum from the double test suggestive of SARS-CoV-2 infection in early pregnancy. There was no significant difference in nuchal translucency thickness for women testing positive for previous SARS-CoV-2 infection (n = 16) versus negative (n = 966) (P = 0.62). There was no significantly increased risk of pregnancy loss for women with antibodies (n = 1) (OR 3.4, 0.08–24.3 95% CI, P = 0.27). None of the women had been hospitalized due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. None of the women with pregnancy loss prior to the double test (Cohort 2) had SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION These results may only apply to similar populations and to patients who do not require hospitalization due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. A limitation of the study is that only 1.8% of the study population had SARS-CoV-2 antibodies suggestive of previous infection. WIDER IMPLICATION OF THE FINDINGS Maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection had no effect on the nuchal translucency thickness and there was no significantly increased risk of pregnancy loss for women with SARS-CoV-2 infection in first trimester pregnancy. Evidence concerning COVID-19 in pregnancy is still limited. These data indicate that infection with SARS-CoV-2 in not hospitalized women does not pose a significant threat in first trimester pregnancies. Follow-up studies are needed to establish any risk to a fetus exposed to maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) Prof. H.S.N. and colleagues received a grant from the Danish Ministry of Research and Education for research of COVID-19 among pregnant women. The Danish government was not involved in the study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation of data, writing of the report or decision to submit the paper for publication. A.I., J.O.-L., J.B.-R., D.M.S., J.E.-F. and E.R.H. received funding from a Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF) Young Investigator Grant (NNF15OC0016662) and a Danish National Science Foundation Center Grant (6110-00344B). A.I. received a Novo Scholarship. J.O.-L. is funded by an NNF Pregraduate Fellowship (NNF19OC0058982). D.W. is funded by the NNF (NNF18SA0034956, NNF14CC0001, NNF17OC0027594). A.M.K. is funded by a grant from the Rigshospitalet’s research fund. H.S.N. has received speaker’s fees from Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Merck Denmark A/S and Ibsa Nordic (outside the submitted work). N.l.C.F. has received a grant from Gedeon Richter (outside the submitted work). A.M.K. has received speaker’s fee from Merck (outside the submitted work). The other authors did not report any potential conflicts of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A

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