scholarly journals Urban Air Mobility—A 6G Use Case?

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuja Ansari ◽  
Ahmad Taha ◽  
Kia Dashtipour ◽  
Yusuf Sambo ◽  
Qammer H. Abbasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Key Performance Indicators ◽  
Network Capacity ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Aerial Transport

The increasing popularity of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) has resulted in exponential growth of the market owing to numerous applications that have been facilitated by advances in battery technology and wireless communications. Given the successes of UAVs thus far, researchers are already gearing towards aerial transport systems that consist of dense deployment of both UAVs and Personal Aerial Vehicles (PAVs) with human passengers. Although the fifth-generation mobile network (5G) key performance indicators have been optimised to support drone use cases for both high data rates and low latency applications, future aerial transport systems will require stricter network key performance indicators to support the expected massive deployment of aerial vehicles taking into account network capacity and distance between the base station and the aerial vehicles, among others. In this article, we present our perspective, vision, architecture, requirements and key performance indicators for future aerial wireless networks supported by 6G for Urban Air Mobility (UAM). Furthermore, we review key enabling technologies and discuss future challenges for incorporating aerial wireless networks in 6G.

scholarly journals Autonomous UAV Simulator for Research and Development Applied to 5G Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Dias Vinagre Neto ◽  
Ailton Pinto de Oliveira ◽  
Felipe Henrique Bastos e Bastos ◽  
Emerson Oliveira Junior ◽  
Aldebaro Klautau
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Communication Channel ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Network Capacity ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Channel Evolution ◽  
Product Delivery ◽  
Intense Research

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are being used in many applications,such as surveillance and product delivery. Currently, manyUAVs are controlled by WiFi or proprietary radio technologies.However, it is envisioned that 5G and beyond 5G (B5G) networkscan connect the UAVs and increase the overall security due to improvedcontrol by operators and governments. Soon, UAVs willalso be used as mobile radio base stations to extend reach or improvethe network capacity. All this motivates intense research on5G technologies for supporting UAV-based applications. However,there are currently few simulation tools for testing and investigatingtelecommunication systems that involve UAV solutions. Forinstance, modern 5G networks use multiple antennas that enablebeamforming. A realistic simulation, in this case, requires not onlysupport for beamforming but also for realistic UAV trajectories,which impact the communication channel evolution over time. Toevaluate scenarios with connected UAVs, this paper presents a toolthat simulates flights in a virtual environment, gathers informationabout the channels among UAVs and the mobile network, andcalculates performance indicators regarding the communicationsystem.

scholarly journals QoE-Aware Scheduling Algorithm for Adaptive HTTP Video Delivery in Wireless Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederico Rodrigues ◽  
Ivo Sousa ◽  
Maria Paula Queluz ◽  
António Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Radio Channel ◽  
Scheduling Algorithm ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Network Capacity ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Radio Resources ◽  
Streaming Services ◽  
Client Side

In the last years, the video content consumed by mobile users has increased exponentially. Since mobile network capacity cannot be increased as fast as required, it is crucial to develop intelligent schedulers that allocate radio resources very efficiently and are able to provide a high Quality of Experience (QoE) to most of the users. This paper proposes a new and effective scheduling solution—the Maximum Buffer Filling (MBF) algorithm—which aims to increase the number of satisfied users in video streaming services provided by wireless networks. The MBF algorithm uses the current buffer level at the client side and the radio channel conditions, which are reported to the network by the client, as well as the bitrate of the requested video segment. The proposed scheduling strategy can also fulfill different satisfaction criteria, since it can be tuned to maximize the numbers of users with high QoE levels or to minimize the number of users with low QoE levels. A simulation framework was developed, considering a Long Term Evolution (LTE) scenario, in order to assess the performance of the proposed scheduling scheme and to compare it with other well-known scheduling solutions. The results show the superior performance achieved by the proposed technique, in terms of the number of satisfied and unsatisfied users.

scholarly journals Engaging Employees with Good Sustainability: Key Performance Indicators for Dry Ports

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Kin Peng Hui ◽  
Lu Aye ◽  
Colin F. Duffield
Keyword(s):  
Change Management ◽  
Employee Engagement ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Organisational Change ◽  
Key Performance Indicators ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Environmental Goals ◽  
The Right ◽  
Dry Ports

Dry ports have the potential to enhance the sustainability of transport systems, yet their introduction requires major changes to the current logistics chain. Further, emphasising sustainability goals and continued employee engagement can be a challenge when developing or implementing organisational change management programs in dry ports. Key considerations include governmental requirements and compliance, investor expectations, as well as employee engagement; these factors may be conflicting. The top-down management approach supported by strong leadership, participative approaches and constant communication assists in achieving successful change management. Sound selection of key performance indicators (KPIs) provides a set of metrics to track and aid the change process. They serve as a unifying link between top managements’ sustainability goals and employees’ engagement. The initial findings of our research confirm that both port and terminal operators have a gap in their understanding of the importance of sustainability goals and environmental goals. This will have a flow-on effect of port and terminal operators not driving the right messages to their staff in their organisational change management programs. Based on a critical literature review, it has been established what might qualify as good sustainability KPIs for dry ports. An example of a dry port at the Port of Somerton has been included. As every dry port has different requirements and constraints, it is important to develop KPIs together with stakeholders.

scholarly journals On the Use of Composite Indicators for Mobile Communications Network Management in Smart Sustainable Cities

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Carmen Botella-Mascarell ◽  
Joaquin Perez ◽  
Juan Soria ◽  
Sandra Roger
Keyword(s):  
Network Management ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Key Performance Indicators ◽  
Composite Indicators ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System

Beyond 5G networks will be fundamental towards enabling sustainable mobile communication networks. One of the most challenging scenarios will be met in ultra-dense networks that are deployed in densely populated areas. In this particular case, mobile network operators should benefit from new assessment metrics and data science tools to ensure an effective management of their networks. In fact, incorporating architectures allowing a cognitive network management framework could simplify processes and enhance the network’s performance. In this paper, we propose the use of composite indicators based on key performance indicators both as a tool for a cognitive management of mobile communications networks, as well as a metric which could successfully integrate more advanced user-centric measurements. Composite indicators can successfully synthesize and integrate large amounts of data, incorporating in a single index different metrics selected as triggers for autonomous decisions. The paper motivates and describes the use of this methodology, which is applied successfully in other areas with the aim of ranking metrics to simplify complex realities. A use case that is based on a universal mobile telecommunications system network is analyzed, due to technology simplicity and scalability, as well as the availability of key performance indicators. The use case focuses on analyzing the fairness of a network over different coverage areas as a fundamental metric in the operation and management of the networks. To this end, several ranking and visualization strategies are presented, providing examples of how to extract insights from the proposed composite indicator.

scholarly journals On multiplexing data streams using trellis-coded modulation in centralized wireless networks

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
Nikita Yankovskii ◽  
Igor Pastushok
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Wireless Network ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Key Performance Indicators ◽  
Low Latency ◽  
Media Access Control ◽  
Mac Layers ◽  
Simultaneous Transmission

Problem statement: The proliferation of services and applications requiring ultra-low latency and high reliability of data transmission in communication networks leads to creating new approaches and architectures in order to ensure the simultaneous transmission of Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) and Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communication (URLLC)  traffic. Providing efficient eMBB and URLLC multiplexing schemes with preset key performance indicators for each stream is the most challenging problem in wireless network development. Purpose: To provide a simultaneous transmission of eMBB and URLLC streams without reducing the user experience of eMBB services by developing a multiplexing scheme and the coherent architecture of physical (PHY) and media access control (MAC) layers in the downlink channel. Results: An eMBB and URLLC multiplexing scheme has been proposed, along with a coherent architecture for PHY and MAC layers, ensuring the given wireless network key performance indicators. The proposed solution performance has been estimated by simulation. The multiplexing scheme outperforms the baseline solution in Bit Error Rate and Frame Error Rate metrics. The coherent PHY and MAC layers architecture provides transmission with an arrival rate of 400 messages per millisecond and 99% message delivery probability in one millisecond. Practical relevance: The obtained results allow communication system developers to deploy centralized wireless networks at industrial objects.

scholarly journals A Novel Coordinated Edge Caching with Request Filtration in Radio Access Network

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Li ◽  
Yuemei Xu ◽  
Tao Lin ◽  
Xiaohui Wang ◽  
Song Ci
Keyword(s):  
Access Network ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Network Capacity ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Radio Access Network ◽  
Limited Bandwidth ◽  
Content Caching ◽  
Radio Access ◽  
Caching Scheme ◽  
Average Latency

Content caching at the base station of the Radio Access Network (RAN) is a way to reduce backhaul transmission and improve the quality of experience. So it is crucial to manage such massive microcaches to store the contents in a coordinated manner, in order to increase the overall mobile network capacity to support more number of requests. We achieve this goal in this paper with a novel caching scheme, which reduces the repeating traffic by request filtration and asynchronous multicast in a RAN. Request filtration can make the best use of the limited bandwidth and in turn ensure the good performance of the coordinated caching. Moreover, the storage at the mobile devices is also considered to be used to further reduce the backhaul traffic and improve the users’ experience. In addition, we drive the optimal cache division in this paper with the aim of reducing the average latency user perceived. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms existing algorithms.

scholarly journals Guagingof key performance indicators for 2G mobile networks in Calabar, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-163
Author(s):  
Ukoette Jeremiah Ekah ◽  
Chibuzo Emeruwa
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Key Performance Indicators ◽  
Mobile Services ◽  
Regulatory Body ◽  
Network Coverage ◽  
Coverage Analysis ◽  
Network Quality ◽  
Mobile Network Operators

The increase in the number of mobile subscribers, coupled with the increase in mobile services is enough reason to monitor the QoS of mobile network operators frequently. This work looks into the QoS of network operators in Calabar, Nigeria, taking into consideration some KPIs ((CSSR, DCR, CST, HOSR, and network quality and network coverage). Analysis of data obtained after a benchmarking drive test shows that Globacom network was within NCC performance threshold for all network KPIs monitored. Also, MTN network performed poorly in HOSR but met the minimum benchmark in other network KPIs. Airtel network failed in the required DCR benchmark but was within the minimum benchmark for other KPIs while 9mobile failed in CSSR and DCR performance threshold but met the performance threshold for other KPIs. This result will be useful to the regulatory body, NCC, those in academic, RF engineers, network subscribers and especially, the network operators which we expect, will optimize their networks immediately.

scholarly journals Online Anomaly Detection System for Mobile Networks

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 7232
Author(s):  
Jesús Burgueño ◽  
Isabel de-la-Bandera ◽  
Jessica Mendoza ◽  
David Palacios ◽  
Cesar Morillas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anomaly Detection ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Network Capacity ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Network Topologies

The arrival of the fifth generation (5G) standard has further accelerated the need for operators to improve the network capacity. With this purpose, mobile network topologies with smaller cells are currently being deployed to increase the frequency reuse. In this way, the number of nodes that collect performance data is being further risen, so the number of metrics to be managed and analyzed is being highly increased. Therefore, it is fundamental to have tools that automatically inform the network operator of the relevant information within the vast amount of metrics collected. The continuous monitoring of the performance indicators and the automatic detection of anomalies is especially important for network operators to prevent the network degradation and user complaints. Therefore, this paper proposes a methodology to detect and track anomalies in the mobile networks performance indicators online, i.e., in real time. The feasibility of this system was evaluated with several performance metrics and a real LTE Advanced dataset. In addition, it was also compared with the performances of other state-of-the-art anomaly detection systems.

scholarly journals Statistical Modeling of Antenna: Urban Equipment Interactions for LTE Access Points

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Zeng ◽  
Alain Sibille
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Access Point ◽  
Network Capacity ◽  
Wireless Access ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Large Network ◽  
Real Situation ◽  
Definition Of

The latest standards for wireless networks such as LTE are essentially based on small cells in order to achieve a large network capacity. This applies for antennas to be deployed at street level or even within buildings. However, antennas are commonly designed, simulated, and measured in ideal conditions, which is not the real situation for most applications where antennas are often deployed in proximity to objects acting as disturbers. In this paper, three conventional wireless access point scenarios (antenna-wall, antenna-shelter, and antenna lamppost) are investigated for directional or omnidirectional antennas. The paper first addresses the definition of three performance indicators for such scenarios and secondly uses such parameters towards the statistical analysis of the interactions between the wall and the antennas.

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