scholarly journals Embodiment and Its Influence on Informational Costs of Decision Density—Atomic Actions vs. Scripted Sequences

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bente Riegler ◽  
Daniel Polani ◽  
Volker Steuber
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Information ◽  
Information Costs ◽  
Basic Action ◽  
Atomic Actions ◽  
Action Sequences ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Objective Sense ◽  
Robot Performance ◽  
Decision Cost ◽  
Straightforward Extension

The importance of embodiment for effective robot performance has been postulated for a long time. Despite this, only relatively recently concrete quantitative models were put forward to characterize the advantages provided by a well-chosen embodiment. We here use one of these models, based on the concept of relevant information, to identify in a minimalistic scenario how and when embodiment affects the decision density. Concretely, we study how embodiment affects information costs when, instead of atomic actions, scripts are introduced, that is, predefined action sequences. Their inclusion can be treated as a straightforward extension of the basic action space. We will demonstrate the effect on informational decision cost of utilizing scripts vs. basic actions using a simple navigation task. Importantly, we will also employ a world with “mislabeled” actions, which we will call a “twisted” world. This is a model which had been used in an earlier study of the influence of embodiment on decision costs. It will turn out that twisted scenarios, as opposed to well-labeled (“embodied”) ones, are significantly more costly in terms of relevant information. This cost is further worsened when the agent is forced to lower the decision density by employing scripts (once a script is triggered, no decisions are taken until the script has run to its end). This adds to our understanding why well-embodied (interpreted in our model as well-labeled) agents should be preferable, in a quantifiable, objective sense.

scholarly journals Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi Pendistribusian Barang Pada PT. Akbar Nusantara Perkasa

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Wulandari Wulandari ◽  
Mohamad Arif
Keyword(s):  
Programming Languages ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Sequence Diagrams ◽  
Information Distribution ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Entity Relationship ◽  
Space Data

PT. AKBAR NUSANTARA PERKASA is a company engaged in the distribution of factory machinery goods. Distribution itself is an activity of distributing goods from suppliers to customers so that their use is appropriate (type, amount, price, place and time) needed. But in terms of the distribution of goods the company still has problems in terms of data searching that requires a long time, archiving data that requires extensive space, data recording errors that occur due to human error and the presentation of unprepared reports due to long data collection. Through this research, the author in an effort to design and build a computer-based information distribution system that will create not only accurate, fast and relevant information but also can overcome the problems faced by the company. In conducting this research the supporting components in this methodology are with activity diagrams, use case diagrams, class diagrams, sequence diagrams and entity relationship diagrams. While the implementation and supporting software uses the VB.Net and MYSQL programming languages. By developing an information distribution system design of goods is expected to help and reduce problems at PT. AKBAR NUSANTARA PERKASA in goods distribution activities.

scholarly journals Influence of Accessibility on Land Use and Landscape Pattern Based on Mapping Knowledge Domains: Review and Implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Yongwei Liu ◽  
Xiaoshu Cao ◽  
Tao Li
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Landscape Ecology ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Landscape Patterns ◽  
Knowledge Domain ◽  
Knowledge Domains ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Transportation Geography ◽  
Conducting Research

Research on the influence of accessibility on land use and landscape patterns is one of the most important subfields in landscape ecology and transportation geography. In this review article, we use CiteSpace and VOSviewer to analyze relevant information, including the number of published papers, highly cited literature, high-frequency keywords, periodicals, and the leading countries conducting research on this particular field. Based on the mapping knowledge domain theory and summarizing method, this research, using an extensive review of the existing literature to analyze the influence of accessibility on land use and landscape patterns, the following conclusions have been reached: first, most of the relevant studies are conducted by applying theories on landscape ecology rather than on transportation geography, and the measure index of accessibility is relatively simple. Second, while accessibility has played a key role in analyzing the interactions between transportation, land use, and landscape patterns, studies on the long-term effect of transportation on land use and land patterns are extremely important. Also, different road types have been found to impose different effects. Third, research on the functional landscape in inner cities has become a significant research focus, particularly with the progress in big data. And fourth, improvements in data acquisition and processing have greatly benefited the field, specifically with recent advancements in GIS and RS technology. However, studies on landscape patterns with regional perspectives have largely been insufficient, especially those conducted over long time scales.

Renovation and Maintenance of Theater Dimmer Systems: Case Study on the Experimental Theater of the National Drama Theater

2012 ◽  
Vol 174-177 ◽  
pp. 2036-2041
Author(s):  
Yan Chyuan Shiau ◽  
Ron Chen ◽  
Cheng Wei Dan
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Lighting System ◽  
Experimental Theater ◽  
Sound Effects ◽  
National Theater ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Maintenance Personnel ◽  
Equipment System

Many performing venues in Taiwan are historical. After long-time use, both the structure and equipment system of these venues have aged, thus causing critical impact on the stage, lighting, and sound effects. Based on the case of the Experimental Theater at the National Theater, this study investigated what should be noticed when renovating the theater lighting system, in order to provide an innovation guide for the management. This study also gathered the relevant information for maintaining the theater lighting system, in order to provide a reference for maintenance personnel to ensure the usability and functionality of dimmer systems.

Effectiveness of Book Closing Using Web Based Accounting Online System 2.0 to Know the Company's Financial Ratios

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
Euis Sitinur Aisyah ◽  
Maimunah Maimunah ◽  
Aris Martono
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Financial Ratios ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Online System ◽  
Income Statement ◽  
Long Time ◽  
A Company

Financial ratios are very important in a company, because it is the most effective way to find out financial data on a company by comparing the current financial statements of the company with the previous one. To facilitate this comparison, book closure can be done. Closing the book itself is useful to determine the company's financial position before closing, by looking at the final results of the profit and loss. It is known that the process of closing the book takes a long time with extra precision. However, this has become easier by using WBAOS (Web Based Accounting Online System) 2.0, because companies are more flexible in preparing financial statements, starting from the lane balance sheet, income statement, to the periodic cash flow, where this cash flow provides relevant information regarding cash in and out of the company.   Keywords: ​WBAOS, Financial Ratios and Book Closure.

Africa: a new potential of growth for Danone through multiple acquisitions

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Christelle Bouchet
Keyword(s):  
Mergers And Acquisitions ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Revenue Sources ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Food Market

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the new opportunities that offers Africa to companies. Groups working in the bank, telecommunication and petroleum sectors know Africa’s attractiveness for a long time. However, food companies are now more and more interested in this continent too, especially thanks to key factors: a high growing gross domestic product, an emerging middle-class, a high birth rate […] Danone is an interesting case of this phenomenon. The company which is one of the main worldwide player in the food market decided to go into mergers and acquisitions in Africa since the 2000s; its strategy and its results will be analyzed. Design/methodology/approach General review. Findings It is shown that Africa brings new markets and revenue sources to companies. As a first mover, companies can take a competitive advantage over competitors in developing their activities in a new growing market. However, before entering Africa, companies must collect relevant information and have a strong strategy. In fact, some countries of this continent are still instable; that is why, companies have to be careful before investing in one of them. Additionally, the paper reveals that the first key to success in Africa in the food industry is to adapt products to local needs, culture and way of life. Originality/value Africa is still a relatively untapped market, and mergers and acquisitions in Africa represent a promising opportunity for companies that want to expand their activities, and the current trends predict a great development of investments in Africa.

Estimation of the Postmortem Interval Through the Use of Development Time of Two South American Species of Forensic Importance of the Genus Lucilia (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ximena Acosta ◽  
Andrea X González-Reyes ◽  
José A Corronca ◽  
Néstor D Centeno
Keyword(s):  
Development Time ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Postmortem Interval ◽  
The Other ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Brood Chamber ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Forensic Expertise ◽  
Long Time

Abstract Obtaining the specific development time of each species of forensic interest is crucial for the estimation of an accurate and reliable Minimum Postmortem Interval (PMImin). In Argentina, Lucilia ochricornis (Wiedemann) and Lucilia purpurascens (Walker) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) were masked under the name Lucilia cluvia (Walker) for a long time still in forensic expertise. For this reason, the objective of this work is to deepen the study of the development time of these species and utilize this relevant information in the generation of different associated methods that can be used in forensics to estimate the PMI. Immature stages of L. ochricornis and L. purpurascens were reared in a brood chamber according to the following temperature treatments: 13.4, 15.1, 22.3, and 23.6°C. The development time of each stage/state of these flies was recorded as well as the resulting accumulated degree-hours (ADH), to build isomorphen diagrams and thermal summation models for each species. The development time and ADH were different between both species and their development stages. On the other hand, the methods provided for estimating PMImin provide the forensic entomologist more tools to reach accurate and reliable estimates.

scholarly journals The use of analytical procedures in audit of procurement of goods, works, and services

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 624-639
Author(s):  
Larisa S. KOROBEINIKOVA ◽  
Galina V. CHERNIKOVA
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Information ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Competition Level ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Bona Fide ◽  
Analytical Processing ◽  
Analytical Procedures ◽  
Development Paths ◽  
Reporting Data ◽  
Coefficient Method

Subject. The more intensive use of the Unified Information System in Procurement data helps evaluate the reliability of statistical reports in procurement of goods, works, and services and ensures the efficiency of the procurement process. Used for auditing, analytical procedures allow to analyze the feasibility of procurement, make some quantification, and apply informal methods by identifying the specifics of basic provisions of statistical reports. Objectives. We investigate the use of analytical procedures in procurement audit so as to evaluate the existing procurement situation of a business entity, possible solutions and development paths, and determine the corruption risk indicators in procurement. Methods. The study relies upon methods of trend, structural and coefficient analysis, comparison, grouping, methods for systematization, analytical processing of economic data and presentation of findings. Results. We justify the use of analytical procedures in audit as they are supposed to provide users of statistical reports with relevant information to explain their administrative decisions on procurement management. The verification of statistical reporting data can be hampered with, for example, the coefficient method, since it focuses on the correlation of the expected bona fide competition level, which has been attained, and the effective standards in regulatory documents on the contractual system. Conclusions and Relevance. As part of procurement audit, analytical procedures may apply to the deviation from target and previous indicators. Scrutinizing causes of such deviation, it is possible to evaluate the dynamics of procurement in the long time horizon and the reliability of statistical reporting.

scholarly journals Asymmetric Information, Transaction Costs, and Farmers Decision To Participate In Tobacco Voor-Oogst Kasturi Contract Farming

Agro Ekonomi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Rondhi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Asymmetric Information ◽  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Market Failure ◽  
Information Costs ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Transfer Product ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
Land Size

Contracts participation between tobacco farmers and traders is still low even benefit of contract is huge. This is related to factors that affect to the contract, demographics, farm characteristic, and other related factors.  Contracts that initially became a tool to prevent market failure because it regulates how economic actors act against other, turns out to cause transaction costs as a result of asymmetric information that makes the contract does not function ideally. Therefore, this study attempts to explain asymmetry information during the transfer product and the potential transaction costs incurred using the New Institutional Economy approach. Beside that, this study also attemps to explain factors that underlie farmers decision making partnership, that were analized by using the analyst logistic regression.Respondents in this study were 100 respondents, 50 tobacco contract farmers, and 50 independent farmers from December 2018 through January 2019. The results showed that asymmetric information caused adverse selection and moral hazard, as many as 30% farmers had sold products to other parties and 8% of farmers had used pesticides that prohibited by traders. Contracts that are not ideal due to asymmetric information must be re-enforced by using additional costs called transaction costs which are divided into three typess, namely search and information costs, cost to design, negotiate and conclude and the monitor and contract enforcement costs. Monitoring costs have the potential to absorb the largest portion compared to other types of transaction costs. The greater the asymmetric information generated, the greater the transaction costs incurred. Then the factors that significantly influence the decision making of tobacco farmers to partnership are long time farming experience, land size, risk aversion level, certainty of price and source of capital.

scholarly journals CURRENT STATE OF CASH CIRCULATION AND CASHLESS CALCULATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (46) ◽  
pp. 41-54
Author(s):  
Mariia Lutsyk
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Information ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Current State ◽  
Payment Instruments ◽  
Cash Payment ◽  
Special Means ◽  
Level Of Use ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Impact

This study contributes to the scientific literature, emphasizing the urgency of the problem of withdrawal of funds from circulation, reducing cash turnover in the economies of different countries in order to minimize the risks associated with its use. Reducing cash flow is a task that requires solving economic, political, social, administrative, psychological problems. The general decrease in the volume of cash will lead to lower inflation, the risk of money laundering, terrorist financing, improve the investment climate, liberalize the credit market and more. Despite the rather long time during which the chosen topic is researched by scholars and studied in practice at the level of states, intergovernmental associations, banks, there is still a significant share of cash transactions with a general tendency to increase non-cash transactions both in number and amount. . Therefore, it is important to obtain and analyze relevant information, review forecasts, clarify plans, which is why this study is primarily devoted. The transition to non-cash payments is associated with a number of obstacles and challenges, so the author analyzes the determinants of implementation and the effectiveness of non-cash turnover substantiates which socio-economic factors constrain the use of non-cash transactions. The demand for the use of non-cash payments depends on the level of use of funds in the country, and on how quickly society will be able to give up physical money. The positive aspects of the impact of non-cash circulation on the country's economy, public administration, industry and society have been identified. Statistics show that the preference for certain types of payment instruments, cash or non-cash payment depends on the level of economic development of the country, traditions, habits and areas of economic activity in societies. This article considers and analyzes the current state of cash circulation in individual countries, the ratio of cash to total assets of global technology companies from 2007 to 2019; cash use forecasts in different countries are displayed. In addition, the issue of cybersecurity, which should be given special attention when it comes to payments using special means of payment in general, and on the Internet in particular, is not ignored.

scholarly journals ANALYZING MATHEMATICAL LITERACY ABILITIES IN TERMS OF COGNITIVE STYLE OF SIXTH GRADE STUDENTS: A CASE STUDY AT SD INPRES NIPA-NIPA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1065
Author(s):  
Nurul Wulan ◽  
Sukmawati Sukmawati ◽  
Baharullah Baharullah
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Sixth Grade ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Mathematical Literacy ◽  
Mathematics Test ◽  
Sixth Grade Students ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Right ◽  
Literacy Test

This study aimed to describe the Mathematical literacy skills of Grade VI students of SD Inpres Nipa-Nipa, in terms of reflective and impulsive cognitive styles, based on the six levels of Mathematical literacy. This research was a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. The subjects of this study were two grade IV students, one student with a reflective style and another student with an impulsive style. The data collection began by giving a cognitive style test and an initial Mathematics test. Then, a Mathematical literacy test was also administered to determine the level of students’ literacy. After that, an interview was conducted to obtain more accurate data. The results showed that (1) the reflective student took a long time and was very circumspect in answering the Mathematical literacy test questions, so that the results were more accurate. The reflective student was able to answer the questions with clear procedures sequentially and was able to interpret and use representations based on information of the questions, so that it could take the right strategy to answer the question. These results revealed that the students were at the third level of mathematical literacy ability, (2) the impulsive student needed shorter time and was less careful in answering a Mathematical literacy test so that the results were less accurate. The results showed that the impulsive student could answer the question with an identified context and the relevant information with a clear question was available. In addition, the impulsive student could identify information obtained from the question and when he was given a stimulus. Thus, the impulsive student possessed the first-level of Mathematical literacy skills.

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