scholarly journals Multi-USV Adaptive Exploration Using Kernel Information and Residual Variance

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajat Mishra ◽  
Teong Beng Koay ◽  
Mandar Chitre ◽  
Sanjay Swarup
Keyword(s):  
Scalar Field ◽  
Prior Information ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Residual Variance ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Aerial Robots ◽  
Lawn Mower ◽  
Mission Time ◽  
Micro Level

Using a team of robots for estimating scalar environmental fields is an emerging approach. The aim of such an approach is to reduce the mission time for collecting informative data as compared to a single robot. However, increasing the number of robots requires coordination and efficient use of the mission time to provide a good approximation of the scalar field. We suggest an online multi-robot framework m-AdaPP to handle this coordination. We test our framework for estimating a scalar environmental field with no prior information and benchmark the performance via field experiments against conventional approaches such as lawn mower patterns. We demonstrated that our framework is capable of handling a team of robots for estimating a scalar field and outperforms conventional approaches used for approximating water quality parameters. The suggested framework can be used for estimating other scalar functions such as air temperature or vegetative index using land or aerial robots as well. Finally, we show an example use case of our adaptive algorithm in a scientific study for understanding micro-level interactions.

Seed Priming Influences the Seed Quality and Activities of Nitrate Assimilation and Anti-Oxidant Enzymes in Pigeon Pea Seedlings

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. N. Tiwari ◽  
D. K. Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Nitrate Assimilation ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Organic Salt ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Four Levels

Field experiments were conducted with four levels of seed priming including control and two varieties of pigeon pea at ICAR-Indian Institute of Seed Science, Mau during three consecutive years (2011-12 to 2013-14). One-year-old seeds of pigeon pea varieties (Bahar and Malviya-13) were primed with growth regulator (100 ppm GA3), in-organic salt (0.2% KNO3) and tap water (sanitized) separately for 06 hrs. and sown in field under RBD with 03 replications. Observations were recorded on seed quality parameters, biochemical attributes including nitrate assimilatory enzymes and activities of anti-oxidant enzymes during seedling stage. Seed quality parameters including germination, seedling growth and vigor indices were significantly enhanced through seed priming with GA3 followed by KNO3 and tap water over unprimed control. Biochemical attributes viz; chlorophyll a andb contents, were more influenced with GA3 priming followed by KNO3 and tap water whereas the proline accumulation was reduced with priming treatments and maximum reduction was noted with GA3 followed by KNO3 and tap water. Enhancement in nitrate assimilatory enzymes including nitrate and nitrite reductase activities was more with KNO3 priming followed by GA3 and tap water. Anti-oxidant enzymes activities including Catalase, Peroxidase and Super Oxide Dismutase were also increased significantly by KNO3 priming followed by GA3 and tap water over unprimed control.

Optimizing plot size and shape for field experiments on terraces

1997 ◽  
Vol 33 (01) ◽  
pp. 51-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Poultney ◽  
J. Riley ◽  
R. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Error ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Residual Variance ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Plot Analysis ◽  
Residual Variances

Two methods, namely combined plot analysis and integration of variograms, have been applied to investigate and compare plot-to-plot yields of intercropped millet (mean yield of about 1.9 t ha−1) and maize (mean yield 4.25 t ha−1) on terraces in Nepal. Combining plots diminishing the residual variance of millet from 0.52 (t/ha)2 of the original 1 m×1 m units to 0.08 (t/ha)2 for 4 m×4 m plots, the largest for which reliable estimates could be derived. The residual variance of maize declined from 4.91 (t/ha)2 of the original units to 0.61 (t/ha)2 for 4 m×4 m plots. Orientation was immaterial. The variogram for millet was isotropic and bounded with a range of approximately 4 m. Within-plot variance calculated from the variogram increased, and experimental error decreased, as the size of plots increased to this value, beyond which there was little gain. The variogram for maize was unbounded, and so gave no ‘natural' upper limit for plot size, that is, over the range studied, up to 6 m×6 m. It was also anisotropic with larger gradient in the direction from front to back of the terrace than along the contour. The reduction in residual variance was greatest for narrow plots elongated in this direction. Formulae are provided from which to calculate from the variogram approximate residual variances for experiments of given area and size, shape, and orientation of plots. Its application gave similar results to those from the combined plot analysis. Overall, the results from the two methods were consistent.

scholarly journals Impact of Zinc Fertilization on Tomato (Solanumlycopersicum L.) Yield, Zinc use Efficiency, Growth and Quality Parameters in Eastern Dry Zone(EDZ) Soils of Karnataka, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-38
Author(s):  
P. N. Siva Prasad ◽  
C. T. Subbarayappa ◽  
A. Sathish ◽  
V. Ramamurthy
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Zinc Uptake ◽  
High Zinc ◽  
Dry Zone ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

The present investigation was carried out with one green house experiment at the University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore during 2016-17 and two field experiments during 2017-18 at tomato growing soils of eastern dry zone (EDZ), Karnataka to assess the impact of zinc on tomato. Results suggested that all parameters were significantly improved in both deficient and sufficient soils upon the addition of external zinc along with RDF. The treatment T9 in high zinc soils significantly improved the quality parameters like TSS (6.00⁰Brix), titratable acidity (0.39%), Vitamin C (53.71 mg 100 g-1), lycopene (13.24 mg 100 g-1) and shelf life (24 days) when compared with other treatments. The zinc uptake and zinc use efficiency was recorded higher in T9 as 238.91 g ha-1 and 2.47% which is more than that of RDF. But in low zinc soils treatment T10 significantly improved the quality parameters like TSS (5.80⁰Brix) which is on par with T9 (5.90⁰Brix), titratableacidity (0.47%), Vitamin C (55.24 mg 100 g-1), lycopene (13.30 mg 100 g-1) and shelf life (23 days).The zinc uptake and zinc use efficiency was recorded higher in T10as 291.53 g ha-1 and 2.64% which is more than that of RDF.

scholarly journals Fungicidal Management of Stemphylium blight of Onion caused by Stemphylium vesicarium (Wallr.) Simmons

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1043-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhavya Mishra ◽  
Rajesh Pratap Singh
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Stemphylium Vesicarium ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Stemphylium Blight ◽  
Commercial Crop

ABSTRACT: Onion is an important commercial crop grown all over the world. It is attacked by many diseases which cause yield losses and result in lowering the quality and export potential of the produce. Stemphylium blight caused by Stemphylium vesicarium (Wallr.) Simmons is one such disease, which has become an economic threat since past few years, especially in Northern and Eastern India. In the present study, field evaluation as well as in vitro study was conducted for evaluating some fungicides for the management of Stemphylium blight as well as to observe their effects on yield and quality parameters of onion. The results of the in vitro study revealed that fluopyram + tebuconazole gave complete mycelial inhibition of test fungus at 50 ppm concentration. Results of the field experiments showed that all the treatments significantly reduced the disease severity. However, strobilurins were found to be more effective, giving more than 50% disease control over check. Keeping in view the overall performance of the fungicides, it was concluded that the combination products azoxystrobin 25% + flutriafol 25% SC and fluopyram 20% + tebuconazole 20% SC can be recommended for the management of Stemphylium blight of onion under field conditions.

scholarly journals Farklı Olgunlaşma Grubuna Giren Soya Çeşitlerinin Niğde Koşullarında Verim ve Kalite Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 1446
Author(s):  
Sevgi Çalışkan ◽  
Ramazan İlhan Aytekin
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Central Anatolia ◽  
Maturity Group ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Weight Protein

Yield and quality performances of 27 soybean cultivars were evaluated in two years field experiment between 2015 and 2016 at the Experimental Farm of Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Nigde, located in the Central Anatolia Region. The field experiments were laid out in the randomized complete block design with three replications in each year. The main phenological stages of development such as time to emergence, flowering, time to pod formation and time to maturity were determined as calendar days. Plant height, the first pod height, numbers of branch, pod and seed per plant, number of seed per pod, 100-seed weight, protein content, oil content and seed yield per decar were determined as yield and quality parameters. The results of two-year study revealed that the soybean cultivars differed significantly for all characters studied under Nigde conditions. It was also observed that yield and quality performances of cultivars fluctuated in years. Average seed yield values of cultivars were ranged from 135.2 kg/da-1 (Inton-I. maturity group) to 295.8 kg/da-1 (Adasoy-IV maturity group) in 2015 and 2016. In two years mean, the cultivars Adasoy, Sa-88 and Nova were determined as the most promising genotypes for main crop production in Nigde conditions.

Inter-plot interference and nearest-neighbour analysis of field experiments

1995 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Ainsley ◽  
G. V. Dyke ◽  
J. F. Jenkyn
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Residual Variance ◽  
Nearest Neighbour ◽  
Average Bias ◽  
Conventional Analysis ◽  
Neighbour Analysis

SUMMARYResults obtained from the plots of a field experiment may be subject to’ representational errors'; that is, they may not exactly reproduce the results that would be expected if the same treatments were applied to whole fields. In particular, the treatment applied to one particular plot often has the potential to affect the adjacent plots; such an effect may be positive or negative according to circumstances, and its magnitude cannot easily be estimated. This paper shows, on theoretical grounds and by simulations, that nearest-neighbour (NN) analysis cannot be relied upon to mitigate the effects of such inter-plot interference, even when the residual variance of the NN analysis is substantially, and by normal criteria significantly, smaller than that of conventional (randomized block) analysis. In certain circumstances, NN analysis of data affected by interference produces greater average bias in estimated treatment differences than conventional analysis.

scholarly journals Optimization of Copper Sulphate Levels to Enhance Yield and Quality of Aggregatum Onion (Allium cepa var aggregatum L)

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Jegadeeswari D ◽  
◽  
Chitdeshwari T ◽  
Shukla A.K ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Coimbatore District ◽  
Bulb Yield

Field experiments were conducted during rabi season of 2018 and summer season of 2019 at farmer’s field, western zone of Tamil Nadu at Pattiyarkovilpathy, Theethipalayam and Narasipuram villages of Thondamuthur block of Coimbatore district. Totally five treatments comprising of varied CuSO 4 levels (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 & 10.0 kg ha-1) were replicated four times in a randomized block design under irrigated conditions. The results showed that, fresh mean bulb yield of onion in four locations ranged from 12.4 to 15.6 t ha-1. The highest mean bulb yield of 15.6 t ha-1 was registered with recommended NPK+5 kg CuSO4 ha-1 and the lowest mean bulb yield of 12.4 t ha-1 was recorded in NPK control with no CuSO 4 addition. Dry Matter Production ranged from 1065 to 1199 kg ha-1. The highest DMP of 1199 kg ha-1 was recorded in the treatment that was applied with NPK+5 kg CuSO4 ha-1 and the lowest DMP (1065 kg ha-1) was noticed with NPK control. Concerning copper content in bulb and foliage, it ranged from 6.09 to 12.3 and 8.46 to 13.7 mg kg-1 with the location mean of 6.16 to 12.0 mg kg-1 and 7.61 to 11.1 mg kg-1, respectively. Copper uptake in bulb and sheath varied from 7.05 to 18.3 and 6.26 to 11.0 g ha-1 (mean of 8.55 to 12.3 and 6.52 to 10.4 g ha-1), respectively with a total uptake of 14.1 to 27.6 g ha-1. In both bulb and foliage, Cu content and uptake, increased with increasing doses of CuSO 4 and the highest Cu content and uptake was registered with the application of CuSO4 @ 10.0 kg ha-1. Regarding the availability of copper in soil, it ranged from 0.73 to 2.42 mg kg-1 and increasing levels of CuSO4 application increased the DTPA Cu status in soil and application of 10.0 kg CuSO 4 ha-1 recorded the highest copper availability in soil. Quality parameters viz., TSS, titrable acidity and ascorbic acid varied from 10.25 to 14.08 oBrix, 0.28 to 0.61% and 12.9 to 20.1 (100 g-1FW), respectively. Field experiments conducted to optimize the rates of copper sulfate application to improve the yield and quality of aggregatum onion in four locations at Coimbatore district, showed that, soil application of 5 kg CuSO4 along with recommended NPK @ 60:30:30 kg ha-1 was found optimal for obtaining higher bulb yield (15.6 t ha-1) and better quality in aggregatum onion with a BC ratio of 4.63.

Micro-nutrients Seed Priming and rhizobium Coating on Seed Vigour, Crop Growth and Seed Yield in Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kavitha ◽  
P. Srimathi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Seed Vigour ◽  
Vigour Index

Background: Black gram is the important pulses crop, grown throughout the country; gives low seed yield mainly due to poor management and low soil fertility. Development of suitable technology is essential to enhance productivity. Seed priming is one such effective technology which enhance rapid and uniform emergence to achieve high vigour, leading to better stand establishment and yield. The current research aimed to study micronutrient seed priming and rhizobium coating on seed germination, seedling vigour, crop growth and seed yield in black gram.Methods: Blackgram seeds were primed with 10 different micronutrient solutions with different concentrations and evaluated for its quality parameters to find out suitable seed priming technique. Seeds from two best priming treatments were coated with rhizobium @ 30g/kg of seed and evaluated for its production potential and resultant seed quality under field condition.Result: Seed priming with 0.5% ZnSO4 at 1/3rd seed to solution ratio for 3 hours recorded higher germination (96%) and vigour index (3811) than control which recorded 84% seed germination and 2528 of vigour index under laboratory experiment. Field experiments revealed that, seeds primed with 0.5% ZnSO4 and coated with rhizobium @ 30g per kg of seeds improved seed yield by 13.2% over control. 

scholarly journals The Influence of Water and Nitrogen Availability on the Expression of End-Use Quality Parameters of Spring Wheat

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Yang ◽  
Xi Liang ◽  
Jessica Torrion ◽  
Olga Walsh ◽  
Katherine O’Brien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
End Use ◽  
Mild Drought

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain quality is determined by multiple physical and chemical attributes. However, previous studies mainly focused on protein quantity and composition, which may not be adequate for understanding grain quality, especially end-use quality. Field experiments were conducted at two locations for two years to better understand how and to what extent water and nitrogen (N) availability affect flour end-use quality. Four drought stress levels (i.e., mild, moderate, severe, and well-watered) and four N rates (i.e., zero, low, medium, and high) were applied to two spring wheat cultivars (i.e., Dayn and Egan). Evaluated end-use quality traits, including milling quality, mixograph parameters, flour protein and gluten contents, solvent retention capacity (SRC), and baking quality. Most end-use quality parameters were not significantly different between the well-watered treatment and mild drought stress in both cultivars. Nitrogen availability above the low rate (168 kg N ha−1) failed to further improve most end-use quality traits in either cultivar. Among all the end-use quality traits, lactic acid SRC may be a reliable indicator of flour end-use quality. These results indicate that mild drought stress (i.e., a 25% reduction in irrigation throughout the growing season) may not negatively affect end-use quality and excessive N fertilization offers minimal improvement in end-use quality. Such information could facilitate the development of irrigation and fertilization guidelines targeting at grain quality.

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