scholarly journals The Cost of Plastics in Compost

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mabvuto Yesaya ◽  
Wrixon Mpanang'ombe ◽  
Elizabeth Tilley
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Activity Based Costing ◽  
Labor Time ◽  
Similar Work ◽  
Financial Feasibility ◽  
Active Labor ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Widespread Interest

In urban Blantyre, there is ample green-waste and widespread interest in compost, but the feedstock is often contaminated with plastics. If composting is going to become more widely implemented, it must be profitable and ideally, competitive with chemical nutrients, however the time and cost associated with plastics removal is currently a bottleneck to profitability. In this study we investigated the financial sustainability of compost production using a Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing method over 16-weeks to identify the types and duration of each activity required. Combining these data with capital and operating costs, we then modeled the profitability of the facility to identify cost-bottlenecks and to determine scenarios that would lead to improved profitability. The results show that it took 1 h 50 min of labor to produce 165-L (0.065 m3) bag of compost. A total of 12.3% of the active labor time was spent sorting out plastics from the organic waste before composting, during composting and from the finished product before packaging. Until similar work is published on the topic, these values cannot be evaluated as being either optimal or wasteful, but rather, serve as a baseline against which future interventions—e.g., source separation, especially at markets can be evaluated. Though based in Malawi, the documented and modeled costs can be converted and scaled by other entrepreneurs/agencies who are interested in estimating the financial feasibility of composting in their own context.

scholarly journals Monitoring the technological processes in the wood industry in order to make them more efficient through technical overhauling

2019 ◽  
Vol 290 ◽  
pp. 02007
Author(s):  
Radu Dan Paltan ◽  
Cristina Biriş ◽  
Loredana Anne-Marie Rădulescu
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Wood Industry ◽  
Research Article ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
The Cost

Of many techniques that are used to optimize production and costs, the studies conducted within a profile company lead to our choice for testing the 6Sigma method (the most used method in the automotive industry) in view of the economic efficiency applied in the wood Industry company. This method measures how many flaws exist in a process and determines in a systematic way how to improve it by technical overhauling and eliminating or minimizing the process for efficiency. This research article aims to study the state of research on the optimization of the production process through technical overhauling for panels reconstituted from solid wood and ways to make production more efficient by cutting costs through technical overhauling. From preliminary research, we estimate that all the items founded and others that will result from further research will result in a significant decrease in production costs that are reflected in the cost of the finished product and consequently in increasing the yield of the company by maximizing its profit. At the same time it may be the basis of future research studies in the field. The easier it is to maximize profits, the lower the operating costs are and the higher recovery rate of investments are, that will result a change in the operating mode: “working smarter not harder”.

scholarly journals Cost-Effectiveness of Colorectal Cancer Genetic Testing

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8330
Author(s):  
Abdul Rahman Ramdzan ◽  
Mohd Rizal Abdul Manaf ◽  
Azimatun Noor Aizuddin ◽  
Zarina A. Latiff ◽  
Keng Wee Teik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Targeted Prevention ◽  
Activity Based Costing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Cost

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Approximately 3–5% of CRCs are associated with hereditary cancer syndromes. Individuals who harbor germline mutations are at an increased risk of developing early onset CRC, as well as extracolonic tumors. Genetic testing can identify genes that cause these syndromes. Early detection could facilitate the initiation of targeted prevention strategies and surveillance for CRC patients and their families. The aim of this study was to determine the cost-effectiveness of CRC genetic testing. We utilized a cross-sectional design to determine the cost-effectiveness of CRC genetic testing as compared to the usual screening method (iFOBT) from the provider’s perspective. Data on costs and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of 200 CRC patients from three specialist general hospitals were collected. A mixed-methods approach of activity-based costing, top-down costing, and extracted information from a clinical pathway was used to estimate provider costs. Patients and family members’ HRQoL were measured using the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire. Data from the Malaysian Study on Cancer Survival (MySCan) were used to calculate patient survival. Cost-effectiveness was measured as cost per life-year (LY) and cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY). The provider cost for CRC genetic testing was high as compared to that for the current screening method. The current practice for screening is cost-saving as compared to genetic testing. Using a 10-year survival analysis, the estimated number of LYs gained for CRC patients through genetic testing was 0.92 years, and the number of QALYs gained was 1.53 years. The cost per LY gained and cost per QALY gained were calculated. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) showed that genetic testing dominates iFOBT testing. CRC genetic testing is cost-effective and could be considered as routine CRC screening for clinical practice.

The Cost of Colonoscopy in an Outpatient Clinic: An Activity-Based Costing Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. AB146
Author(s):  
Jennifer Sambrook ◽  
Winnie Chui ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
Adrian Levy ◽  
Robert Enns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outpatient Clinic ◽  
Activity Based Costing ◽  
Costing Study ◽  
The Cost

scholarly journals Primary Research of the Advantages and the Cost Control of the ABC & EVA Integrated System

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Haibo Hu
Keyword(s):  
Cost Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Capital Cost ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Activity Based Costing ◽  
Cost System ◽  
Integrated Cost ◽  
The Cost

The integrated product of Activity-Based Costing (ABC) and Economic Value Added (EVA) is the ABC & EVA system, i.e. the integrated cost system. Traditional ABC method gives priority to the interior activity chain of enterprise to implement the cost analysis, but ignores the capital cost, so the cost accounting is not complete. The ABC & EVA system brings the capital cost into the cost management, which could not only open out the real economic value created by the cost objects, but extend the pure cost computation of ABC to the performance evaluation. Based on the principle of the ABC & EVA system, the enterprise cost control strategies under the integrated cost system are proposed.

scholarly journals Manajemen Biaya untuk Meningkatkan Ketepatan Penghitungan Biaya melalui Biaya Berbasis Aktivitas

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Agung Listiadi
Keyword(s):  
Cost Driver ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Activity Based Costing ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Overhead Cost ◽  
Consumption Cost ◽  
Costing System ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Selection Of

Cost is an important factor in ensuring the company win in the competition on the market. Consumers will choose a manufacturer that is able to produce products and services that have high quality with low prices. Costs of Management Systems Contemporary emphasis on search than the allocation. And management based activities are at the heart of contemporary operating control system. At least two major factors that must be considered in the selection of cost driver (cost driver) are: the cost of measurement and the degree of correlation between the consumption cost driver with the actual overhead. Cost driver is divided into two categories, namely the structural cost driver and executional cost driver. Cost driver is the basis used to charge collected on cost pool to the product. So that the calculation of the cost through Time Driven activity-based costing system, the company obtain more precise information and accurate.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN METODE ACTIVITY BASED COSTING DALAM PENENTUAN HARGA POKOK PRODUKSI PADA PT. SARIMELATI KENCANA (PIZZA HUT MANADO TOWN SQUARE)

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephany Ch. Pelleng ◽  
Herman Karamoy ◽  
Victorina Tirajoh
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Cost Driver ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Activity Based Costing ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Pricing Process ◽  
Costing System ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Pizza Hut

Nowadays, every company has to have a right and efficient way to know their own pricing process. The better the company count it, the better it would be to compete in the market because the right method or system will decrease the cost and increase the profit. Activity Based Costing System is a method of calculating the cost of goods manufactured based on activities in a company using more cost driver, so it can calculate more accurate. This method is expected to be applied to the PT. Sarimelati Kencana who still using the traditional system for calculating the cost of goods manufactured. This research has a purpose to know the cost of goods manufactured in the company using activity based costing system. There are qualitative and quantitative data on this project. Qualitative data for company profile and quantitative data for production costs. This is descriptive research and the result shows that the pricing process using ABC method give overcost condition for pizza hut personal and undercost condition for pizza hut regular and large.

scholarly journals Web based cost management tool prototype development using temporal-activity based costing (Temporal-ABC)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mourougavelou Vaithianathan
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Cost Management ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Activity Based Costing ◽  
Product Cost ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Prototype Development ◽  
Cost Management System ◽  
The Cost

The cost management system is a powerful tool for managers to understand manufacturing plant performance. It is essential for any organization to develop a cost management system to estimate the product cost and to account actual cost spent for the product manufacturing. The Activity Based Costing (ABC) system has recently attracted the attention of many companies and is considered to provide better information about the cost pattern and the relationship between resources and activities. However, a survey of earlier research reveals that there are several difficulties to estimate the true product cost due to selection of overhead drivers to activities. To overcome these difficulties Temporal-ABC has been developed by Dr. K.D. Tham. In the first part of the report, costing system implementation issues are studied through real-time case studies. Then, research has been conducted and web-based proptotype application is developed using Temporal-ABC through collaboration with a world-class electronics industry - Celestica Inc. Toronto, Canada. The developed prototype demonstrates the application of Temporal-ABC for cost estimation at Celestica.

scholarly journals The cost of immunising at the general practice level

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikki Turner ◽  
Paul Rouse ◽  
Stacey Airey ◽  
Helen Petousis-Harris
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Cost Allocation ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fee For Service ◽  
Activity Based Costing ◽  
Childhood Immunisation ◽  
Practice Nurses ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Cost

INTRODUCTION: Childhood immunisation is one of the most cost-effective activities in health care. However, New Zealand (NZ) has failed to achieve national coverage targets. NZ general practice is the primary site of service delivery and is funded on a fee-for-service basis for delivery of immunisation events. AIM: To determine the average cost to a general practice of delivering childhood immunisation events and to develop a cost model for the typical practice. METHODS: A purposeful selection of 24 diverse practices provided data via questionnaires and a daily log over a week. Costs were modelled using activity-based costing. RESULTS: The mean time spent on an immunisation activity was 23.8 minutes, with 90.7% of all staff time provided by practice nurses. Only 2% of the total time recorded was spent on childhood immunisation opportunistic activities. Practice nurses spent 15% of their total work time on immunisation activity. The mean estimated cost per vaccination event was $25.90; however, there was considerable variability across practices. A ‘typical practice’ model was developed to better understand costs at different levels of activity. CONCLUSIONS: The current level of immunisation benefit subsidy is considerably lower than the cost of a standard vaccination event, although there is wide variability across practices. The costs of delivery exceeding the subsidy may be one reason why there is an apparently small amount of time spent on extra opportunistic activities and a barrier to increasing efforts to raise immunisation rates. KEYWORDS: Immunisation; vaccination; patient care management; cost analysis; cost allocation

ANALISIS BIAYA SATUAN METODE ACTIVITY BASED COSTING DALAM EVALUASI TARIF PELAYANAN KESEHATAN DI ERA JKN (Studi Kasus Pasien Stroke di Rumah Sakit Kristen Mojowarno)

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
. Soewatoen
Keyword(s):  
Unit Cost ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Activity Based Costing ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Severe Stroke ◽  
High Care ◽  
Mild Stroke ◽  
Christian Hospital ◽  
The Cost

Mojowarno Christian Hospital is an organization that is move in health services that produce multi-product, theratio of consumption of each product is different and significant indirect costs therefore needed to determine theservice tariff calculation of unit cost in the hospital with Activity Based Costing Method. The purpose of this studywas to determine the calculation of unit costs of care and outcomes of stroke patients fare calculation using theunit cost from Activity Based Costing method hospital compared with rates prevailing at the moment and ratesINA CBGs. This type of research is a qualitative case study. Based on calculations by the method of ActivityBased Costing obtained Unit Cost for Outpatient is Rp. 749.705, Unit Cost for Emergency Care Unit Mild Strokeis Rp 664.093;Medium Stroke Rp. 1.424.683, Severe Stroke Rp. 2.282.755,-. Unit Cost for Room type III MildStroke is Rp. 3.899.786, Medium Stroke Rp. 5.874.646, Severe Stroke Rp. 7.892.496; Unit Cost for Room type IIMild Stroke is Rp. 4.859.510, Medium Stroke Rp. 7.557.913, Severe Stroke Rp. 10.294.306; Unit Cost for Roomtype I Mild Stroke is Rp. 6.097.530, Medium Stroke Rp. 9.728.198, Severe Stroke Rp. 13.391.856; Unit Cost forVIP Room Mild Stroke is Rp. 10.953.150, Medium Stroke Rp. 18.240.533, Severe Stroke Rp. 25.540.906 ; UnitCost for High Care Unit Mild Stroke is Rp. 3.710.121, Medium Stroke Rp. 5.655.278, Severe StrokeRp. 9.477.309 and Unit Cost Intensive Care Unit Mild Stroke is Rp. 7.010.169, Medium Stroke Rp. 10.605.350,Severe Stroke Rp. 17.727.429,-.Each unit cost plus the cost of materials and direct labor costs, it can be seen thatthe cost of treatment of each disease severity have enough material price difference. It is because the higher theseverity of the disease makes the longer the treatment, the more use the service activities, and service facilities, itsmake the cost is higher. The comparison resoult showed that hospital rates prevailing at this time and the resultsof the calculation using the ABC method for stroke patients is higher than the rate of INA CBGs.

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