scholarly journals Women's Experiences of Using Anabolic Androgenic Steroids

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annica Börjesson ◽  
Margaretha Ekebergh ◽  
Marja-Liisa Dahl ◽  
Lena Ekström ◽  
Mikael Lehtihet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Anabolic Steroids ◽  
Anabolic Androgenic Steroids ◽  
Complex Phenomenon ◽  
Androgenic Steroids ◽  
Performance Enhancing

Anabolic androgenic steroids are used by women to increase their muscle mass and because of their performance-enhancing effects. Despite permanent/high risk of side effects, knowledge is inadequate. Our aim has been to deepen understanding about women's use of anabolic androgenic steroids. This phenomenological study is based on the reflective lifeworld research (RLR) approach. Lifeworld interviews were conducted with 12 women, aged 21–56 years, about their experiences of using anabolic steroids. The results show that women experience a sense of pride when they successfully achieve their goals. This is the driving force, triggering tension between suffering and success. Our research adds important knowledge from a reflective lifeworld perspective and shows that women's use of anabolic androgenic steroids is a complex phenomenon. Understanding and knowledge are important in order to be able to meet and support women in their fears and difficulties.

Doping and effects of anabolic androgenic steroids on the heart: histological, ultrastructural, and echocardiographic assessment in strength athletes

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 273-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
NA Hassan ◽  
MF Salem ◽  
Mael Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Anabolic Steroids ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Anabolic Androgenic Steroids ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Androgenic Steroids ◽  
Experimental Group

Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are used by some athletes to enhance performance despite the health risk they may pose in some persons. This work was carried out to evaluate the possible structural and functional alterations in the heart using two-dimensional, M-mode, tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and strain rate imaging (SRI) in athletes using supraphysiological doses of AAS. Additionally, the histological and ultrastructural changes in cardiac muscles of adult albino rats after injection of sustanon, as an example of AAS, were studied. Fifteen male bodybuilders using anabolic steroids constituted group 1, five male bodybuilders who are not using anabolic steroids constituted group 2, and five nonathletic males constituted negative control group (group 3). They were investigated by two-dimensional, M-mode, TDI and SRI. This study was performed on 30 adult albino rats. They were divided into two groups. Group I (Control group) (10) was subdivided into negative control, subgroup 1a (5), and subgroup 1b (5), which received 0.8 ml olive oil intramuscular once a week for 8 weeks. Group II (Experimental group) (20) received sustanon 10 mg/kg intramuscularly once a week for 8 weeks. The heart specimens were prepared for light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Echocardiographic results showed that bodybuilders who use steroids have smaller left ventricular dimension with thicker walls, impaired diastolic function, as well as higher peak systolic strain rate in steroid-using bodybuilders as compared to the other two groups. Light microscopy examination of cardiac muscle fibers showed focal areas of degeneration with loss of striations and vacuolation in the experimental group. Ultrastructural examination showed disturbance of the banding pattern of the cardiac muscle fiber with disintegration, loss of striations, dehiscent intercalated disc, and interrupted Z-bands. Administration of supraphysiological doses of AAS caused severe deleterious effects in the myocardium both in athletes and in experimental animals. The SRI shows promise in the early detection of systolic dysfunction in those athletes who use steroids.

scholarly journals Association Between Legal Performance-Enhancing Substances and Use of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids in Young Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 174 (10) ◽  
pp. 992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason M. Nagata ◽  
Kyle T. Ganson ◽  
Sasha Gorrell ◽  
Deborah Mitchison ◽  
Stuart B. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Anabolic Androgenic Steroids ◽  
Androgenic Steroids ◽  
Performance Enhancing Substances ◽  
Performance Enhancing

scholarly journals The use of anabolic androgenic steroids: A focus on polypharmacy

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 413-417
Author(s):  
Bozana Nikolic ◽  
Dusica Rakic
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Anabolic Steroids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anabolic Androgenic Steroids ◽  
Synthetic Analogue ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Nonmedical Use ◽  
Androgenic Steroids

Introduction. Anabolic androgenic steroids, such as testosterone and its synthetic analogue, nandrolone, have clear clinical indications. However, their abuse is practiced to enhance physical performance in professional, recreational and non-professional athletes; outside of sports, their nonmedical use is associated with different social groups (criminal activities, substance abuse). Polypharmacy. Testosterone and its synthetic analogues are also used for nonmedical purposes, mainly administered in supraphysiological doses in cycles lasting a few weeks. In order to potentiate the anabolic properties and control the adverse effects, the users also administer other pharmacological agents. Thus, growth hormone and insulin are complement to anabolic steroids; clenbuterol, amphetamine and thyroid hormones stimulate body fat loss; diuretics reduce the body weight and improve muscle definition; and erythropoietin increases the training capacity and accelerates the recovery after hard competitions. To control adverse effects, cardiovascular drugs, central nervous system depressants, central nervous system stimulants, human chorionic gonadotropin, sexual enhancement drugs, estrogen antagonists, analgesics/opioids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and others, are administered. Probenecid, finasteride and diuretics mask the administration of other doping agents. Additionally, during the last two decades, attention has increasingly been focused on the relationship between the use of anabolic androgenic steroids and psychoactive substances (alcohol, cannabis, amphetamines, cocaine, hallucinogens). Conclusion. Supraphysiological doses and polypharmacy additionally increase the risk of adverse effects, including withdrawal syndrome; therefore, prevention of nonmedical use of anabolic androgenic steroids should be a public health priority.

Effect of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids on Semen Parameters and Serum Sex Hormonal Levels in Egyptian Male Bodybuilders

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abd El-Naeem Sallam ◽  
Samah Ibrahim Hassan ◽  
Ahmed Mohamed Abdelfattah
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Count ◽  
Anabolic Steroids ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Anabolic Androgenic Steroids ◽  
Male Body ◽  
Semen Volume ◽  
Androgenic Steroids ◽  
Hormonal Levels

Abstract Background First identified in 1935, testosterone is the principal hormone controlling the development of androgenic-masculinizing effects in the male body, along with its anabolic properties that increase lean muscle mass. Objectives We aim at studying the influence of anabolic androgenic steroids on the semen parameters and serum sex hormonal levels in Egyptian male bodybuilders. Patients and Methods The type of study was cross sectional study. Study setting was conducted in Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Department, Ain Shams University Hospitals. The study included 20 male body builders using AAS as the study group and 20 body builders who exercise only and not using AAS. 20 subjects who exercise only without androgenic anabolic steroids use. Results In the present study, there were statistical significant differences between ASS group and control group as regard semen volume, sperm concentration, total sperm count, sperm agglutination and rounded cells. Bodybuilders in ASS group had significantly lower semen volume, sperm concentration, total sperm count; and higher liquefaction, sperm agglutination, and rounded cells. Conclusion AAS has a negative impact on semen quality and sex hormone levels among male bodybuilders. In the present study, AAS users exhibited significantly lower plasma testosterone levels and increase FSH and decrease LH hormone higher frequencies of abnormal semen parameters than healthy control participants. These results should provoke concern, particularly because the use of anabolic steroids by exercising men for muscle building is based on self-designed personal schemes or is suggested by a partner, by field magazines, or by trainers at the gyms. Further, large-scale, studies are still needed to confirm our findings.

THE EFFECTS OF ANDROGENIC-ANABOLIC STEROIDS ON THE RAT ADRENALS ATROPHIED BY CORTISOL

1968 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Linèt ◽  
V. Bumba
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Anabolic Steroids ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Anabolic Androgenic Steroids ◽  
Simultaneous Treatment ◽  
Rat Adrenals ◽  
Androgenic Anabolic Steroids ◽  
Androgenic Steroids

ABSTRACT Adult male rats were administered 19-nortestosterone phenylpropionate (NTPP), methandrostenolone (MA) (2 mg/100 g/day), cortisol (1 mg/100 g/day) and a combination of these steroids for 10 consecutive days. Cortisol caused a decrease in the adrenal weight on the 5th day and this effect was partially inhibited by NTPP or MA on the 8th and 11th day. The adrenal cholesterol content fell after NTPP on the 5th, 8th and 11th day, after cortisol treatment on the 8th and 11th day, and after MA on the 11th day. The cholesterol depleting effect of cortisol was counteracted only by simultaneous treatment with NTPP on the 11th day. The decrease in wet and dry weight of adrenals and of their nitrogen and protein content induced by the injection of cortisol for 10-days was markedly inhibited by the simultaneous administration of NTPP or MA. Neither of these anabolic-androgenic steroids affected the enhanced water retention in the adrenals caused by cortisol. NTPP or MA alone did not influence the parameters mentioned above.

Effects of steroids on the course of hereditary muscular dystrophy in mice

1964 ◽  
Vol 206 (5) ◽  
pp. 1049-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Dowben ◽  
Leon Zuckerman ◽  
Paul Gordon ◽  
Stephen P. Sniderman
Keyword(s):  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Anabolic Steroids ◽  
Anabolic Androgenic Steroids ◽  
Dystrophic Muscle ◽  
Potassium Efflux ◽  
Significant Lowering ◽  
Peroneus Longus ◽  
Androgenic Steroids ◽  
Dystrophic Mice

The administration of anabolic-androgenic steroids or digitalis glycosides to mice with hereditary muscular dystrophy prolonged their life span, whereas treatment with estrogens, deoxycorticosterone or aldosterone resulted in a significantly lower mean attained age. Of the anabolic steroids, 1-methyl-Δ1-androstenolone acetate, Δ1-17α-methyltestosterone, and methyltestosterone were the most effective compounds tested. Prolongation of the life span was accompanied by a slowing in the rate of deterioration of muscle strength. Dystrophic animals pretreated with digitoxin or 1-methyl-Δ1-androstenolone acetate showed a significant lowering of the abnormally high muscle sodium and chloride in control dystrophics. Pretreatment of dystrophic mice with 1-methylΔ1-androstenolone alone or together with digitoxin resulted in a significant lowering, from the abnormally high values characteristic of dystrophic muscle, of the potassium efflux from excised peroneus longus muscles.

scholarly journals Use of Performance Enhancing Agents (PEAs) (Including Anabolic Androgenic Steroids-AASs) among the Male Body Building Community in the Western Province of Sri Lanka a Preliminary Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-43
Author(s):  
S. R. Hulathduwa
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Anabolic Androgenic Steroids ◽  
Male Body ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Third World ◽  
Androgenic Steroids ◽  
Performance Enhancing

Performance enhancing agents (PEAs) are substances used to improve any form of activity performed by humans. These are widely used by athletes and body builders. Being a frequent subject of controversy in the sporting world, the use of performance-enhancing drugs has shown a disturbing growth over the past fifty years. The use of drugs to enhance human performance in sports has occurred at least since the time of the original Olympic Games (from 776 to 393 BC). In 1860s, a group of swimmers in Amsterdam were charged for taking drugs to speed up their races. For the next 80 years, athletes who wanted to cheat focused mostly on stimulants to speed themselves up. A wide range of PEAs are used today in the sports field. They include Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AASs), peptide hormones, growth factors, beta-2 agonists, diuretics, masking agents, stimulants, narcotics and even cannabinoids. Though extensive research is being done on the use of PEAs and doping in the sports industry, throughout the developed world, very few published research is available from the third world countries including Sri Lanka. This preliminary study revealed that a wide variety of PEAs are being inadvertently used without justifiable scientific reason and without a reasonable understanding of how they work and what their adverse effects are, by the gym users in Sri Lanka. It also showed that a significant proportion of them experience side effects directly attributable to the use of PEAs.

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