scholarly journals Power Output and Efficiency During Supine, Recumbent, and Upright Cycle Ergometry

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Wehrle ◽  
Sarah Waibel ◽  
Albert Gollhofer ◽  
Kai Roecker
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Aerobic Condition ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Work Efficiency ◽  
Ventilatory Efficiency ◽  
Gross Efficiency

Recumbent and supine cycling are common exercise modes in rehabilitation and clinical settings but the influence of postures on work efficiency is unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare metabolic and ventilatory efficiency during upright, recumbent, and supine postures. Potential differences should be assessed for suitable diagnostics and for prescriptions of training that probably is performed in alternative postures. Eighteen healthy subjects (age: 47.2 ± 18.4 years; 10 female, 8 male) participated in the study and each completed three incremental cycle ergometer tests until exhaustion in upright, recumbent (40°), and supine positions. Gas exchange, heart rate (HR), and lactate concentrations were analyzed and efficiency was calculated subsequently. Testing sessions were performed in random order within a 2-week period. Upright cycling resulted in significantly higher peak values [power output, oxygen uptake (Vo2), HR] as well as performance at lactate and ventilatory thresholds in comparison to recumbent or supine positions. Vco2/Vo2 slope and ventilatory efficiency (VE/Vco2 slope) were not affected by posture. Aerobic work efficiency (Vo2/P slope) and gross efficiency (GE) differed significantly between postures. Hereby, GE was lowest in supine cycling, particularly obvious in a mainly aerobic condition at 70 Watt [Median 11.6 (IQR 10.9–13.3) vs. recumbent: 15.9 (IQR 15.6–18.3) and upright: 17.4 (IQR 15.1–18.3)]. Peak power as well as GE and work efficiency values are influenced by cycling position, reinforcing the importance of adjusting test results for training prescriptions. Surprisingly, ventilatory efficiency was not affected in this study and therefore does not seem to falsify test results for pulmonary diagnostics.

scholarly journals No Influence of Nonivamide-nicoboxil on the Peak Power Output in Competitive Sportsmen

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Schörkmaier ◽  
Yvonne Wahl ◽  
Christian Brinkmann ◽  
Wilhelm Bloch ◽  
Patrick Wahl
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Muscle Oxygenation ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Placebo Cream

AbstractRecent studies have shown that the oxygenated hemoglobin level can be enhanced during rest through the application of nonivamide-nicoboxil cream. However, the effect of nonivamide-nicoboxil cream on oxygenation and endurance performance under hypoxic conditions is unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of nonivamide-nicoboxil cream on local muscle oxygenation and endurance performance under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. In a cross-over design, 13 athletes (experienced cyclists or triathletes [age: 25.2±3.5 years; VO2max 62.1±7.3 mL·min−1·kg−1]) performed four incremental exercise tests on the cycle ergometer under normoxic or hypoxic conditions, either with nonivamide-nicoboxil or placebo cream. Muscle oxygenation was recorded with near-infrared spectroscopy. Capillary blood samples were taken after each step, and spirometric data were recorded continuously. The application of nonivamide-nicoboxil cream increased muscle oxygenation at rest and during different submaximal workloads as well as during physical exhaustion, irrespective of normoxic or hypoxic conditions. Overall, there were no significant effects of nonivamide-nicoboxil on peak power output, maximal oxygen uptake or lactate concentrations. Muscle oxygenation is significantly higher with the application of nonivamide-nicoboxil cream. However, its application does not increase endurance performance.

A Prediction Model for Peak Power Output From Different Incremental Exercise Tests

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Luttikholt ◽  
Lars R. McNaughton ◽  
Adrian W. Midgley ◽  
David J. Bentley
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Incremental Exercise ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Power Profile ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Level Of Agreement

Context:There is currently no model that predicts peak power output (PPO) thereby allowing comparison between different incremental exercise test (EXT) protocols. In this study we have used the critical power profile to develop a mathematical model for predicting PPO from the results of different EXTs.Purpose:The purpose of this study was to examine the level of agreement between actual PPO values and those predicted from the new model.Methods:Eleven male athletes (age 25 ± 5 years, VO2max 62 ± 8 mL · kg–1 · min–1) completed 3 laboratory tests on a cycle ergometer. Each test comprised an EXT consisting of 1-minute workload increments of 30 W (EXT30/1) and 3-minute (EXT25/3) and 5-minute workload increments (EXT25/5) of 25 W. The PPO determined from each test was used to predict the PPO from the remaining 2 EXTs.Results:The differences between actual and predicted PPO values were statistically insignificant (P > .05). The random error components of the limits of agreement of ≤30 W also indicated acceptable levels of agreement between actual and predicted PPO values.Conclusions:Further data collection is necessary to confirm whether the model is able to predict PPO over a wide range of EXT protocols in athletes of different aerobic and anaerobic capacities.

Short-Term Power Output in 9-Year-Old Children: Typical Error between Ergometers and Protocols

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig A. Williams ◽  
Eric Doré ◽  
James Alban ◽  
Emmanuel Van Praagh
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Pedal Rate ◽  
Cycle Ergometers ◽  
Power Peak ◽  
S Peak

This study investigated the differences in short-term power output (STPO) using three different cycle ergometers in 9-year-old children. A total of 31 children participated in three cycle ergometer sprint tests of 20 s duration: a modified friction braked Monark, a modified friction braked Ergomeca cycle ergometer, and a SRM isokinetic ergometer. Common indices of peak and mean power, peak pedal rate, time to peak power, and pedal rate were recorded. Indices of peak power 1 s for the Monark, Ergomeca and SRM ergometer were found to be 299 ± 55, 294 ± 55, 297 ± 53 W and mean power 20 s to be 223 ± 40, 227 ± 43 and 216 ± 34 W, respectively. The time to peak power was found to be 3 ± 2, 6 ± 2, 5 ± 3 s, respectively. The standard error of measurement was lower in mean 20-s power compared to 1-s peak power. Despite instrumentation and protocol differences these results demonstrate reproducibility in 9-year-old children that will allow researchers confidence in comparing STPO data obtained from different ergometers.

scholarly journals Preexercise Cycling Protocol Alters Pacing Behavior in Competitive Time Trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1303-1308
Author(s):  
Marco J. Konings ◽  
Florentina J. Hettinga
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: The behavior of an opponent has been shown to alter pacing and performance. To advance our understanding of the impact of perceptual stimuli such as an opponent on pacing and performance, this study examined the effect of a preexercise cycling protocol on exercise regulation with and without an opponent. Methods: Twelve trained cyclists performed 4 experimental, self-paced 4-km time-trial conditions on an advanced cycle ergometer in a randomized, counterbalanced order. Participants started the time trial in rested state (RS) or performed a 10-min cycling protocol at 67% peak power output (CP) before the time trial. During the time trials, participants had to ride alone (NO) or against a virtual opponent (OP). The experimental conditions were (1) RS-NO, (2) RS-OP, (3) CP-NO, and (4) CP-OP. Repeated-measures analyses of variance (P < .05) were used to examine differences in pacing and performance in terms of power output. Results: A faster pace was adopted in the first kilometer during RS-OP (318 [72] W) compared with RS-NO (291 [81] W; P = .03), leading to an improved finishing time during RS-OP compared with RS-NO (P = .046). No differences in either pacing or performance were found between CP-NO and CP-OP. Conclusions: The evoked response by the opponent to adopt a faster initial pace in the 4-km time trial disappeared when cyclists had to perform a preceding cycling protocol. The outcomes of this study highlight that perceived exertion alters the responsiveness to perceptual stimuli of cyclists during competition.

CYP1A2 Genotype Polymorphism Influences the Effect of Caffeine on Anaerobic Performance in Trained Males

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Shahin Minaei ◽  
Morteza Jourkesh ◽  
Richard B. Kreider ◽  
Scott C. Forbes ◽  
Tacito P. Souza-Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Fatigue Index ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Minimum Power ◽  
Output Only

The purpose was to investigate the effects of CYP1A2 −163C > A polymorphism on the effects of acute caffeine (CAF) supplementation on anaerobic power in trained males. Sixteen trained males (age: 21.6 ± 7.1 years; height: 179.7 ± 5.6 cm; body mass: 72.15 ± 6.8 kg) participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo (PLA) controlled crossover design. Participants supplemented with CAF (6 mg/kg of body mass) and an isovolumetric PLA (maltodextrin) in random order and separated by 7 days, before an all-out 30-s anaerobic cycling test to determine peak, average, and minimum power output, and fatigue index. Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted to identify each participants CYP1A2 genotype. Six participants expressed AA homozygote and 10 expressed C alleles. There was a treatment by genotype interaction for peak power output (p = .041, η2 = .265, observed power = 0.552) with only those expressing AA genotype showing improvement following CAF supplementation compared with PLA (CAF: 693 ± 108 watts vs. PLA: 655 ± 97 watts; p = .039), while no difference between treatments was noted in those expressing C alleles (CAF: 614 ± 92 watts vs. PLA: 659 ± 144 watts; p = .135). There were no other interaction or main effects for average or minimum power output, or fatigue index (p > .05). In conclusion, the ingestion of 6 mg/kg of CAF improved peak power output only in participants with the AA genotype compared with PLA; however, expression of the CYP1A2 did not influence average or minimum power output or fatigue index.

scholarly journals Exercise capacity of children with pediatric lung disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 302 ◽  
Author(s):  
G S Zavorsky ◽  
J R Kryder ◽  
S V Jacob ◽  
A L Coates ◽  
G M Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Peak Exercise ◽  
Pulmonary Impairment ◽  
Progressive Exercise ◽  
Pediatric Lung Disease

Background: Pulmonary function of children with cystic fibrosis (CF) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is similar at rest even though the mechanisms of injury differ. We sought to compare the peak exercise responses in children with BPD versus CF while controlling for pulmonary impairment, nutritional status, gender, age, height, and predicted forced expired volume in 1 second (~73% of predicted). Methods: Nine BPD children and 9 CF children underwent spirometry and a progressive exercise test to maximum on a cycle ergometer. Results: There was no difference between groups in body mass percentile (CF:97 ± 13%, BPD: 98 ± 11%), peak power output (Wpeak) (CF:67 ± 19 W, BPD:73 ± 28 W), % predicted Wpeak (CF:83 ± 28%, BPD:88 ± 15%), peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak, CF: 38 ± 7 ml/kg/min, BPD: 39 ±6 ml/kg/min), or % predicted VO2peak (CF:99 ± 16 %, BPD:96 ± 27%). Conclusions: Children with mild pulmonary impairments are able to achieve a near normal peak power output and a normal VO2peak. Neither the aetiology nor the developmental onset of the process appears to be important influences on VO2peak or Wpeak.

Factors of Rowing Ergometer Performance in High-Level Female Rowers

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (13) ◽  
pp. 1023-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muriel Bourdin ◽  
Jean-Rene Lacour ◽  
Charles Imbert ◽  
Laurent Messonnier
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Gross Efficiency ◽  
Rowing Ergometer ◽  
High Level ◽  
Ergometer Test

AbstractThe present study investigated morphological and physiological factors of rowing ergometer performance over 2000 m (P2000, W) in 70 national and international level [27 lightweight (LW) and 43 heavyweight (HW)] female rowers. Maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max, L.min−1), maximal aerobic power (Pamax, W), power output corresponding to 4 mmol.L−1 blood lactate concentration expressed in absolute (PLa4, W) and relative to Pamax (PLa4%, %) values, peak power output (Ppeak, W), and rowing gross efficiency (RGE, %) were determined during an incremental rowing test. In the whole group, Ppeak was the best predictor of P2000 (r=0.89, p<0.001), as it was shown in men. PLa4 (r=0.87), V̇O2max (r=0.83), body mass (r=0.65), and height (r=0.64) were also significantly correlated with P2000 (p<0.001 for all). Ppeak was also the best predictor of P2000 when the two sub-groups LW and HW were considered separately. It was concluded that Ppeak is an overall index of physiological rowing capacity in groups of high-level LW and HW female rowers. The predictive value of Ppeak is similar to that of PLa4, but Ppeak presents the advantage of being obtained with a simple ergometer test without biological measurements.

Effect of fatigue on maximal power output at different contraction velocities in humans

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 2332-2337 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Beelen ◽  
A. J. Sargeant
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Dynamic Exercise ◽  
Maximal Power ◽  
Maximal Power Output ◽  
Control Measurement ◽  
Fatiguing Exercise ◽  
Rate Of Decline

The effect of fatigue as a result of a standard submaximal dynamic exercise on maximal short-term power output generated at different contraction velocities was studied in humans. Six subjects performed 25-s maximal efforts on an isokinetic cycle ergometer at five different pedaling rates (60, 75, 90, 105, and 120 rpm). Measurements of maximal power output were made under control conditions [after 6 min of cycling at 30% maximal O2 uptake (VO2max)] and after fatiguing exercise that consisted of 6 min of cycling at 90% VO2max with a pedaling rate of 90 rpm. Compared with control values, maximal peak power measured after fatiguing exercise was significantly reduced by 23 +/- 19, 28 +/- 11, and 25 +/- 11% at pedaling rates of 90, 105, and 120 rpm, respectively. Reductions in maximum peak power of 11 +/- 8 and 14 +/- 8% at 60 and 75 rpm, respectively, were not significant. The rate of decline in peak power during the 25-s control measurement was least at 60 rpm (5.1 +/- 2.3 W/s) and greatest at 120 rpm (26.3 +/- 13.9 W/s). After fatiguing exercise, the rate of decline in peak power at pedaling rates of 105 and 120 rpm decreased significantly from 21.5 +/- 9.0 and 26.3 +/- 13.9 W/s to 10.0 +/- 7.3 and 13.3 +/- 6.9 W/s, respectively. These experiments indicate that fatigue induced by submaximal dynamic exercise results in a velocity-dependent effect on muscle power. It is suggested that the reduced maximal power at the higher velocities was due to a selective effect of fatigue on the faster fatigue-sensitive fibers of the active muscle mass.

The Influence of Recovery Duration on High-Intensity Exercise Performance After Oral Creatine Supplementation

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 454-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Cooke ◽  
William S. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Creatine Supplementation ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Maximal Peak ◽  
Male Subjects

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of creatine supplementation on the ability to reproduce and maintain a high percentage of peak power output during the second of two bouts of high-intensity cycle sprinting following four different recovery intervals. Eighty healthy, active male subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups (creatine or placebo) and one of four recovery intervals (30, 60, 90, or 120 s). Two maximal cycle ergometer sprints, separated by the assigned recovery interval were performed before and after a 5-day supplementation protocol in which 20 g/day of creatine (plus 4 g/day glucose) or 24 g/day glucose placebo were ingested by subjects from creatine and placebo groups, respectively. Maximal peak power output (PP) and the absolute time to fatigue (TTF) were compared pre- versus postsupplementation. No significant group interactions were noted in this study. Specifically, creatine supplementation had no effect on subjects' ability to reproduce or maintain a high percentage of PP during the second bout of exercise. Key words: ergogenic aids, cycle ergometry, short-term fatigue

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