scholarly journals The Ego Phenomenon and the Doping Problem in Sport: A Historical Conceptual Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barend J. M. Steyn ◽  
Kim Nolte
Keyword(s):  
Goal Orientation ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Tao Te Ching ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Contextual Framework ◽  
Measurement Of Success ◽  
Performance Enhancing Drugs ◽  
Outcome Orientation ◽  
Point Of Departure

The concept of ego has various meanings in the field of psychology, depending on the paradigmatic and theoretical framework point of departure. The ego phenomenon as operationalized and measured in the theoretical framework of goal orientation will be the contextual framework for a historical conceptual analysis. In the past three decades, research in the theoretical framework of goal orientation has revealed a positive relationship between ego involvement and the tendency to use the prohibited substances to enhance performance in sport. The concept of the ego phenomenon as operationalized within goal orientation theory and meanings attached to the concept can be connected to the historic oriental writings that were written ~2,500 years ago. These attached meanings to the ego phenomenon include elements of extreme competitiveness and outcome orientation, as well as social comparisons and the external norms for the measurement of success and failure. These meanings can be traced back to the classical works involving the Bhagavad Gita, the Tao Te Ching, and the Eastern Origins of Mindfulness that are part of the broader Buddhist philosophical system. Meister Eckhart, a 12th century German theologian, in his significant contribution on the analysis of the having mode as opposed to the being mode also provides insight into the ego phenomenon that can explain why the ego phenomenon can be linked to some of the deeper psychological motives of using the prohibited substances. The researchers in psychology do not yet have a full understanding of why certain athletes dope or have a susceptibility to use the prohibited substances or performance enhancing drugs (PEDs) and thus the motivation for this historical conceptual analysis of the ego phenomenon. Therefore, this article aimed to deepen the understanding of psychological motives of the athletes who exhibit tendencies toward cheating in general and the proclivity to use the prohibited substances.

Migrant Diplomacies: Rethinking Diplomacy Beyond State-Centric Perspectives. A Civic Bi-Nationality Experience from North America

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Alejo
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Interdisciplinary Dialogue ◽  
Contemporary Politics ◽  
Migrant Activism ◽  
Point Of Departure

There is a pressing need to extend our thinking about diplomacy beyond state-centric perspectives, as in the name of sovereignty and national interests, people on move are confronting virtual, symbolic and/or material walls and frames of policies inhibiting their free movement. My point of departure is to explore migrant activism and global politics through the transformation of diplomacy in a globalised world. Developing an interdisciplinary dialogue between new diplomacy and sociology, I evidence the emergence of global sociopolitical formations created through civic bi-nationality organisations. Focusing on the agent in interaction with structures, I present a theoretical framework and strategy for analysing the practices of migrant diplomacies as an expression of contemporary politics. A case study from North America regarding returned families in Mexico City provides evidence of how these alternative diplomacies are operating.

scholarly journals Distributive Justice: From Steinhaus, Knaster, and Banach to Elster and Rawls — The Perspective of Sociological Game Theory

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Burns ◽  
Ewa Roszkowska ◽  
Nora Machado des Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Distributive Justice ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Fair Division ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Human Judgment ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
Organization Section

Abstract This article presents a relatively straightforward theoretical framework about distributive justice with applications. It draws on a few key concepts of Sociological Game Theory (SGT). SGT is presented briefly in section 2. Section 3 provides a spectrum of distributive cases concerning principles of equality, differentiation among recipients according to performance or contribution, status or authority, or need. Two general types of social organization of distributive judgment are distinguished and judgment procedures or algorithms are modeled in each type of social organization. Section 4 discusses briefly the larger moral landscapes of human judgment – how distribution may typically be combined with other value into consideration. The article suggests that Rawls, Elster, and Machado point in this direction. Finally, it is suggested that the SGT framework presented provides a useful point of departure to systematically link it and compare the Warsaw School of Fair Division, Rawls, and Elster, among others.

Strategic Use of Mindset and Efficacy Theory

2017 ◽  
pp. 1698-1708
Author(s):  
Linda Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Goal Orientation ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Albert Bandura ◽  
Strategic Design ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Positive Goal ◽  
Human Endeavor

Achievement theory and goal orientation have wide-ranging implications for every human endeavor because they speak to the motivation and responses to challenges that every person encounters. From the classroom professor to the operations manager, there is a need to understand the interaction of people's mindsets regarding achievement, and how those may influence the goals they set. Additionally, the interaction of the mindset, goal, and challenges that occur, creates responses as varied as quitting to responding with redoubled effort. After understanding this mechanism of motivation, leaders will need concrete practices that orient students/employees/volunteers towards mindsets and goals that enhance effort and perseverance while minimizing the practices that result in individuals giving up. This chapter will draw from the theories of Carol Dweck and Albert Bandura to provide a theoretical framework for the strategic design and implementation of practices to enhance positive goal setting and responses when the going gets tough.

scholarly journals The problem of theodicy and the theology of the cross

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Vorster
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Human Experience ◽  
Theology Of The Cross ◽  
Theoretical Argument ◽  
The World ◽  
Christian Understanding ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
The Way

Theodicy is the attempt to justify God’s righteousness and goodness amidst the experience of evil and suffering in the world. This article discusses Karl Barth’s Christological and Jürgen Moltmann’s eschatological approach to the problem of theodicy. The central theoretical argument is that the problem of theodicy poses a major hermeneutical challenge to Christianity that needs to be addressed, since it has implications for the way in which theology defines itself. Questions that arise are: What are the boundaries of theology? What are the grounds on which the question of theodicy must be asked? Is the Christian understanding of God’s omnipotence truly Scriptural? The modern formulation of theodicy finds its origin in the Enlighten- ment that approaches the problem from a theoretical framework based on human experience. This theoretical approach leads, however, to further logical inconsistencies. Theology must rather approach the problem in the same way as Scripture does, by taking the cross, resurrection and parousia of Christ as point of departure. The cross and resurrection are a sign that suffering is not part of God’s plan and at the same time an affirmation of God’s victory over suffering and evil.

scholarly journals (Tomme) NPer i moderne generativ syntaktisk teori (2. del)

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bent Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Generative Grammar ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Separate Section ◽  
Empty Category ◽  
Comprehensive Theory ◽  
The Status ◽  
Abstract Case ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
Category Principle

The present paper takes its point of departure in the concept of empty NP-categories, as this is embodied in a more comprehensive theory of NPs. The theoretical framework adopted is mainly that expouned in Chomsky: Lextures on Government and Binding (1981) and subsequent works (though no attempt has been made to incorporate the revised model presented in Chomsky: Barriers (1986)). The paper gives a brief introduction to the main modules of a modern generative grammar (X-bar syntax;0-theory; government (including proper government and the Extended Empty Category Principle); the theory of abstract Case; the theory of Binding; and the theory of Bouding). The paper falls into two parts. In the first part the basic modules and principles are introduced. In the second part, to be published in the next issue of Hermes, it will be shown how these modules interact in the derivation of sentences. Particular attention will be paid to NP-Movement and Wh-Movement. A separate section will deal with the status of PRO. The full bibliography appears after both parts.

Gibt es eine universale philosophische Methode?

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Hardy ◽  
Christoph Schamberger
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Second Step ◽  
The Third ◽  
Conceptual Background ◽  
Point Of Departure

AbstractThe traditional criteria for distinguishing philosophy from other disciplines have either proved too limited or too broad. Only in its method does philosophy differentiate itself from other disciplines. Philosophy’s point of departure is constituted by spontaneous convictions (intuitions), which, in a first step, need to be articulated through conceptual analysis and then, in a second step, need to be justified; the third step comprises critiquing other philosophers’ thoughts and defending against others’ critique. This article proposes several metaphilosophical theses: Intuitions are not a fundamental source of evidence for philosophical theses, but are instead themselves in need of justification. Consistency is more important than truth; the task of philosophy is to develop extensive and, at the same time, consistent theories about the conceptual background of experience.

Absoluta

1975 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
The Third ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Technical Sense

Summary The Absoluta is a Summa on Priscian’s Institutiones grammaticae, Books XVII–XVIII, which deal with syntax, so called from its opening word. The author was probably Petrus Hispanus, who is otherwise unknown. The work was presumably written in Paris in the third quarter of the 12th century. It survives in 14 manuscripts spread widely over Europe, and dating from ca. 1200 to the 14th century. The same author perhaps wrote a Summa on Pris-cian, Books I–XVI, known also from its opening words as Strenuum negotiatorem, of which only a fragment of the beginning survives in a single manuscript. In the Absoluta the author follows the order of treatment of subjects in Priscian, but proceeds chiefly by raising questions on doubtful points. He emphatically distinguishes the tasks of the grammarian and of the dialectician, yet makes much use of the methods of the latter. Thus, in the discussion of the case to be used after the verb substantive, the rule is propounded and argued on logical grounds. His theoretical framework is that of the Summa of Petrus Helias (mid-12th cent.), which he uses freely, and though he makes some advances, as in the use of the term modus significandi and of the concept of suppositio, he is still at the stage where they do not bear their later technical sense.

A New Childhood Social Studies Curriculum for a New Generation of Citizenship

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cinthya Saavedra ◽  
Steven Camicia
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Studies ◽  
Civic Education ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Democratic Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Social Studies Curriculum ◽  
Transnational Students ◽  
New Generation

AbstractTraditional concepts of civic education in the United States and the expanding horizons curriculum scope and sequence are challenged by globalization and transnationality because new understandings of citizenship are emerging. In our conceptual analysis, we reconceptualize social studies curriculum for childhood to meet these changes. First, we propose a theoretical framework synthesizing literature in the areas of multicultural, global, and democratic education. Second, we propose opening curriculum and research to the voices of students, especially transnational students. Such reconceptualizations have important implications for a social studies curriculum for childhood that is socially just and responsive to the changing sizes, types, and qualities of the communities with which students engage.

Resilience as an entrepreneurial capability: integrating insights from a cross-disciplinary comparison

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1155-1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Charles Manfield ◽  
Lance Richard Newey
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Conceptual Development ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Theoretical Sampling ◽  
Organization Science ◽  
Resource Slack ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Resilience Capabilities

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine competing assumptions about the nature of resilience and selects those most appropriate for an entrepreneurial context. Assumptions are integrated into a theoretical framework highlighting how different threats require different resilience responses. Overall organizational resilience results from a portfolio of resilience capabilities. Design/methodology/approach Akin to theoretical sampling, the authors identify various theoretical insights about resilience across three disciplines of psychology, ecology and engineering. The authors use these insights to distill competing assumptions about what resilience is and evaluate those most appropriate for entrepreneurial contexts. Existing resilience literature in organization science is critiqued in terms of underlying assumptions and an alternative theoretical framework proposed based on more robust assumptions. Findings Other disciplines point to resilience being a process that differs for different threats and as either bouncing back, absorbing shocks or bouncing forward. When imported into entrepreneurship these characteristics lead to a conceptualization of resilience as being enacted through a capability portfolio. A routine-based capability response is preferred when threats are familiar, simple, not severe and frequent, following minimal disorganization and where resource slack is available. In contrast, heuristics-based capabilities are preferred when threats are unfamiliar, complex, severe and infrequent, following serious disorganization and where resource slack is unavailable. An absorption threshold point identifies when organizations need to switch from routine-based to heuristics-based resilience capabilities. Practical implications Building resilience across a range of adverse situations requires firms to develop a portfolio of resilience capabilities. Firms must learn to match the capability required for the specific threat profile faced. This includes a mix of routinized responses for returning to stability but also more flexible, heuristics-based responses for strategic reconfiguration. Originality/value The paper undertakes a first of its kind cross-disciplinary conceptual analysis at the level of identifying competing assumptions about the nature of resilience. These assumptions are found to be somewhat unconscious among organization researchers, limiting the conceptual development of resilience in entrepreneurship. The authors contribute a theoretical framework based on explicit and robust assumptions, enabling the field to advance conceptually.

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