scholarly journals Pyrolysis Study of Different Fruit Wastes Using an Aspen Plus Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed AlNouss ◽  
Prakash Parthasarathy ◽  
Hamish R. Mackey ◽  
Tareq Al-Ansari ◽  
Gordon McKay
Keyword(s):  
Pyrolysis Product ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Aspen Plus ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Apricot Kernel ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Steady State Model ◽  
Elemental Analyses ◽  
Fruit Wastes ◽  
Date Pits

Large quantities of fruit wastes are generated during the consumption and processing of fruits. The disposal of fruit wastes in an environmentally benign way is a challenging task. The biochar production from fruit wastes by pyrolysis is receiving huge attention because it can alleviate pollution of fruit wastes and provide a supply of biochar sustainably. In this study, five fruit waste types—orange peel, banana peel, mango endocarp, apricot kernel shell, and date pits—are examined. An Aspen Plus simulation tool was employed to develop a steady-state model to predict the pyrolysis product yields of the fruit wastes. The details of the proximate and elemental analyses of the fruit wastes were applied as input parameters in the model, and the simulation was carried out at 300–600°C and 1 atm pressure. Among the fruit wastes, the date pits presented the highest char yield (50.92 wt.%), while the mango endocarp offered the highest syngas yield (54.23 wt.%). From the simulation results, it can be inferred that the date pits are best suited for biochar production, whereas the mango endocarp and orange peel are appropriate for syngas generation. The study is further analyzed by studying the optimization of biomass feedstock blend to yield the highest char relative to bio-oil and syngas. The optimization results demonstrate apricot kernel shell and date pits to dominate the feedstock blend. It is hoped that the current outcomes will be helpful in the selection of appropriate feedstocks for biochar generation through pyrolysis.

scholarly journals Investigation of biomass components on the slow pyrolysis products yield using Aspen Plus for techno-economic analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shahbaz ◽  
Ahmed AlNouss ◽  
Prakash Parthasarathy ◽  
Ali H. Abdelaal ◽  
Hamish Mackey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Content ◽  
Pyrolysis Product ◽  
Aspen Plus ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Slow Pyrolysis ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Biomass Components ◽  
Solid Residence Time ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Prior information on the pyrolysis product behaviour of biomass components-cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin is critical in the selection of feedstock as components have a significant influence on the pyrolysis products yield. In this study, the effect of biomass components on the yield of slow pyrolysis products (char, bio-oil and syngas) is investigated using a validated ASPEN Plus® model. The model is simulated at a temperature of 450 °C, a heating rate of 10 °C/min and a solid residence time of 30 min. The results indicated that at the given conditions, lignin contributed 2.4 and 2.5 times more char yield than cellulose and hemicellulose. The hemicellulose contributed 1.33 times more syngas yield than lignin while the cellulose and hemicellulose contributed 8.67 times more bio-oil yield than lignin. Moreover, the cost involved in the production of char using lignin (110 $/ton) is significantly economical than using cellulose (285 $/ton) and hemicellulose (296 $/ton). The net CO2 emission of lignin pyrolysis is 4.14 times lower than cellulose pyrolysis and 3.94 times lower than hemicellulose pyrolysis. It can be concluded that lignin pyrolysis is more advantageous than cellulose and hemicellulose pyrolysis. In the selection of feedstock for the slow pyrolysis, the feedstock with more lignin content is preferred. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Utilization of Fruit Waste for the Production of Citric Acid by using Aspergillus Niger

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4-A) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Subramaniyan Satheeshkumar ◽  
Paramasivam Sivagurunathan ◽  
Kannaiyan Muthulakshmi ◽  
Chinnaiyan Uma
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Citric Acid Production ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Sweet Lime ◽  
Pineapple Peel ◽  
Fruit Waste ◽  
Fruit Wastes ◽  
Lime Peel

The main organic acids in industrial used were citric, acetic, tartaric, malic, lactic and gluconic acid. The most utilized organic acid is citric acid or tricarboxylic acid. Chemical synthesis of citric acid is more costly than fermentation. The citrus processing industry generates tons of waste such as peel and segment membranes resulting from the extraction of citrus juice in industrial plants. About 6 isolates were obtained from the fruit waste dumped soil and they were subjected to screening for citric acid production. A. niger over other potential citric acid-producing organism towards efficient utilization of agroindustry residues and by-products for citric acid production. It was grown on PDA plates at a temperature of 28°C for 5 to 7 days. Fruit wastes like orange peel, sweet lime peel, banana peel and pineapple peel as a potential substrate for the production of citric acid using A. niger isolates. The nitrogen source of the fermentation medium will have a direct effect on the yield of citric acid. Among the four fruit wastes, citric acid production was maximum from orange peel followed by sweet lime peel, pineapple peel and banana peel respectively. Orange peel contains soluble sugars and pectin as the main components. Study the impact of different carbon sources on citric acid., the basal media were supplemented with glucose, sucrose, fructose, maltose and the fermentation were carried up to 5 days at 30°C. Nitrogen sources on the fermentation were studied by incorporating ammonium phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate and peptone. The effect of lower alcohol incorporation on the fermentation of citric acid was studied.

scholarly journals Optimization of Pectinase Activity From Locally Isolated Fungi and Agrowastes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
George D. Ametefe ◽  
Lemo A. Oluwadamilare ◽  
Ifeoma C. James ◽  
Olubunmi I. Ibidapo ◽  
Vera O. Ofoegbu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Citrate Buffer ◽  
Pichia Kudriavzevii ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Pectinase Activity ◽  
Fruit Wastes ◽  
Pectinase Production

Abstract Background: Pectin enzymes are biocatalysts that degrade pectin into simpler forms. Fermentation is the commonly utilized method for pectinase production. Prior to optimization of pectinase activity, preliminary findings were undertaken to select the best screened microbe (Aspergillus niger), agrowastes and extraction solvents. Solid-state fermentation was employed in the study (optimization process), utilizing the Box-Behnken design in Design-Expert software package version 12.0.3. Results: The results showed 0.1 molar sodium chloride as the best extraction solvent, with the activity higher than the citrate buffer. However, pectinase activity obtained with distilled water was significantly (p<0.05) lower than 0.1 molar sodium chloride. For the substrates employed in the study, the citrus (orange) peel had the highest pectinase activity of ≈0.40 mg per ml. The activity of citrus peels was significantly higher than the activities from each of corn cob, banana peel, wheat bran, Thaumatococcus danielli fruit wastes and Thaumatococcus danielli leaves. A significant increase (p<0.05) in pectinase activity was also obtained with Thaumatococcus danielli fruit wastes relative to Thaumatococcus danielli leaves. Pichia kudriavzevii strain F2-T429-5 and Pichia kudriavzevii strain CY902 have been identified to complement for pectinase production. From the results obtained, the optimum conditions for pectinase production were approximately 5.87 days of fermentation; pH of 3.90; at 21.24 oC; particle size of 0.06-inch; inoculum volume of 1.00 ml, and agitation time (for pectinase extraction) at 11.43 minutes. Optimisation of the selected conditions using the Box-Behnken design and analysis as a statistical tool resulted in a higher activity. Conclusion: Local production of pectinase would help in reducing hunger through local job creation, thereby positively contributing to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

scholarly journals Biomass Steam Gasification, High-Temperature Gas Cleaning, and SOFC Model: A Parametric Analysis

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5936
Author(s):  
Vera Marcantonio ◽  
Danilo Monarca ◽  
Mauro Villarini ◽  
Andrea Di Carlo ◽  
Luca Del Zotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
Aspen Plus ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Steam Gasification ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Electrical Efficiency ◽  
Gas Cleaning ◽  
Predicting Performance ◽  
Steady State Model

Gasification technology is actually one of the most effective ways to produce power and hydrogen from biomass. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have proved to be an excellent energy conversion device. They can transform the chemical energy content in the syngas, produced by a gasifier, directly into electrical energy. A steady-state model of a biomass-SOFC was developed using process simulation software, ASPEN Plus (10, AspenTech, Bedford, MA, USA). The objective of this work was to implement a biomass-SOFC system capable of predicting performance under diverse operating conditions. The system is made of a gasification zone, gas cleaning steps, and SOFC. The SOFC modelling was done without external subroutines, unlike most models in the literature, using only the existing ASPEN Plus blocks, making the model simpler and more reliable. The analysis of the syngas composition out of each cleaning step is in accordance with literature data. Then, a sensitivity analysis was carried out on the main parameters. The results indicate that there must be a trade-off between voltage, electrical efficiency, and power with respect to current density and it is preferable to stay at a low steam-to-biomass ratio. The electrical efficiency achieved under the operating conditions is 57%, a high value, making these systems very attractive.

Bio-oil production from fast pyrolysis of maple fruit (acer platanoides samaras): product yields

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Bahadir ◽  
Turgay Kar ◽  
Sedat Keles ◽  
Kamil Kaygusuz
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Pyrolysis Product ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Product Yields ◽  
Bio Oil

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate fast pyrolysis of maple fruit as an energy sources. This could serve as a solution to the energy sources problem. Design/methodology/approach Fast pyrolysis of maple fruit (samara) was achieved in a fixed bed reactor. The pyrolysis experiments have been conducted on the sample of maple seeds to particularly determine the effects of pyrolysis temperature, particle size and sweep gas flow rate on the pyrolysis product yields. Findings The oil of maple fruit from fast pyrolysis has good properties to be a potential candidate as a biofuel or as a source of chemicals. In addition to being environmentally desirable, it can reduce the energy cost, e.g. that Turkey imports a majority of its energy. Originality/value The use of maple fruit for fast pyrolysis and pyrolysis conditions impact on the yields of pyrolysis liquid can be considered as novel aspects of this paper.

scholarly journals Date Palm Seed Oil (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Green Extraction: Physicochemical Properties, Antioxidant Activities, and Phenolic and Fatty Acid Profiles

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Hammadi Hamza ◽  
Walid Elfalleh ◽  
Kameleddine Nagaz
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Green Extraction ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Bio Oil

Date palm seed oil is among the precious vegetable oils with low yield, whose extraction is commonly done with organic solvents which cause serious problems. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of orange peel essential oil as biosolvent for date seed oil extraction. Green extraction was conducted by Soxhlet apparatus as well as by soaking and compared with the Soxhlet method using petroleum ether. The GC-MS analysis of orange peel essential oil confirmed its richness with limonene (94.31%), which justifies its usefulness as green solvent. The latter gave higher yields, the extracted bio-oil was light brown with pleasant odor, and the characteristics were consistent with international standards. Based on the GC profiles, obtained oils were similar using both solvents, and the major compounds were oleic and lauric acids. The bio-oil phenolic content and the antioxidant activity were high, and the major compounds were the protocatechuic, chlorogenic, and 4-O-caffeoylquinic acids. Gallic and p -coumaric acids were the major compounds for oil extracted by petroleum ether.

scholarly journals Synthesis of zinc chloride activated eco-friendly nano-adsorbent (activated carbon) from food waste for removal of pollutant from biodiesel wash water

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Santhosh ◽  
S. S. Dawn
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Zinc Chloride ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Wash Water ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Pomegranate Peel ◽  
Card Number ◽  
Water Ph

Abstract Food waste has been a complex component added to the Municipal solid waste, making it a major reason for the evolution of greenhouse gases, foul odour and a dwelling habitat for insects and microbes. Diversion of the mixed food waste (unsegregated) to useful materials (activated carbon) would have immense industrial significance. In this study, rice, vegetables, oil and spice (WCVR); mixed fruit peels including banana peel, pomegranate peel, orange peel and lemon peel (MFPW); plain rice (WCR) and mixed food waste (rice, dhal, vegetables, fruits, meat and bones) (MFW) were used. Food waste samples were heated at a temperature of 350 °C for 3 h in an incinerator and then activated with zinc chloride for 2 h in a muffle furnace maintained at 500–600 °C temperature. Zinc chloride activated carbon was characterized through XRD, FESEM and FTIR. WCR carbon resulted to be best-activated carbon, yielding nanomaterials with 2θ = 25.81, 31.76, 34.41 and 56.54, which was in accordance with JCPDS card number. The mixed food waste activated carbon reduced the biodiesel wash water pH from 10 to 6.5 making it suitable for recycle. Turbidity by 98.41%, COD by 41.33%, oil and grease by 99.05% for mixed food waste carbon.

Study and Application of Various Activated Carbons and Ash used in Water Purification Techniques: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-397
Author(s):  
Ajinkya Ravindra Telgote ◽  
Satish Sudhakarao Patil
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Peanut Shell ◽  
Pomegranate Peel

Water pollution is increasing due to the different factors such as population growth, large-scale urbanization, deforestation, and unethical activities in the river or other sources of water. Various experts have been working in the field of the preparation ofactivated carbon from renewable energy including cost-effective technologies and products in an eco-friendly manner for various applications. This review article discusses methodologies utilized by various experts for the preparation of activated carbon for the abatement of water pollution. Biomasssuch ascoconut shell, Moringaoleifera seed, Peanut shell, Pomegranate peel, Rice husk, Lemon shell, Banana peel, and Orange Peel are found extremely helpful in the field of treatment of the contaminated water. The reviewed literature showed that the Biomass can be isolatespollutants from contaminated water through physical, mechanical, and biological techniques and removes various physicochemical pollutants such as pH, color, DO, turbidity, conductivity, turbidity, chloride, fluoride, TSS, TDS, BOD, COD, nitrate, phosphate, and heavy metal, etc. from contaminated water.

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