scholarly journals Investigation of biomass components on the slow pyrolysis products yield using Aspen Plus for techno-economic analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shahbaz ◽  
Ahmed AlNouss ◽  
Prakash Parthasarathy ◽  
Ali H. Abdelaal ◽  
Hamish Mackey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Content ◽  
Pyrolysis Product ◽  
Aspen Plus ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Slow Pyrolysis ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Biomass Components ◽  
Solid Residence Time ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Prior information on the pyrolysis product behaviour of biomass components-cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin is critical in the selection of feedstock as components have a significant influence on the pyrolysis products yield. In this study, the effect of biomass components on the yield of slow pyrolysis products (char, bio-oil and syngas) is investigated using a validated ASPEN Plus® model. The model is simulated at a temperature of 450 °C, a heating rate of 10 °C/min and a solid residence time of 30 min. The results indicated that at the given conditions, lignin contributed 2.4 and 2.5 times more char yield than cellulose and hemicellulose. The hemicellulose contributed 1.33 times more syngas yield than lignin while the cellulose and hemicellulose contributed 8.67 times more bio-oil yield than lignin. Moreover, the cost involved in the production of char using lignin (110 $/ton) is significantly economical than using cellulose (285 $/ton) and hemicellulose (296 $/ton). The net CO2 emission of lignin pyrolysis is 4.14 times lower than cellulose pyrolysis and 3.94 times lower than hemicellulose pyrolysis. It can be concluded that lignin pyrolysis is more advantageous than cellulose and hemicellulose pyrolysis. In the selection of feedstock for the slow pyrolysis, the feedstock with more lignin content is preferred. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Pre-Treatment of Furniture Waste for Smokeless Charcoal Production

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3188
Author(s):  
Paweł Kazimierski ◽  
Paulina Hercel ◽  
Katarzyna Januszewicz ◽  
Dariusz Kardaś
Keyword(s):  
Oriented Strand Board ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Medium Density Fiberboard ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Pyrolysis Product ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Charcoal Production ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Slow Pyrolysis

The aim of this study was to assess the possibility of using furniture waste for smokeless fuel production using the pyrolysis process. Four types of wood-based wastes were used in the pyrolysis process: pine sawdust (PS), chipboard (CB), medium-density fiberboard (MDF), and oriented strand board (OSB). Additionally, the slow and fast types of pyrolysis were compared, where the heating rates were 15 °C/min and 100 °C/min, respectively. Chemical analyses of the raw materials and the pyrolysis product yields are presented. A significant calorific value rise was observed for the solid pyrolysis products (from approximately 17.5 MJ/kg for raw materials up to approximately 29 MJ/kg for slow pyrolysis products and 31 MJ/kg for fast pyrolysis products). A higher carbon content of char was observed in raw materials (from approximately 48% for raw materials up to approximately 75% for slow pyrolysis products and approximately 82% for fast pyrolysis products) than after the pyrolysis process. This work presents the possibility of utilizing waste furniture material that is mostly composed of wood, but is not commonly used as a substrate for conversion into low-emission fuel. The results prove that the proposed solution produced char characterized by the appropriate properties to be classified as smokeless coal.

scholarly journals Batch pyrolysis of cotton stalks for evaluation of biochar energy potential

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 00001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafat Al Afif ◽  
S. Sean Anayah ◽  
Christoph Pfeifer
Keyword(s):  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Mass Energy ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Cotton Stalks ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Selection Of

The thermal cracking of cotton stalks (CS) via pyrolysis was performed using a laboratory scale batch pyrolysis reactor. The effects of the final pyrolysis temperature varying from 300 to 800°C on the pyrolysis products distribution has been investigated. The maximum biochar yield of 46.5% was obtained at 400°C. As the pyrolysis process temperature increased, the solid char product yield decreased. The lowest biochar yield of 28% was obtained at 800°C. The largest higher heating value (HHV, 25.845 MJ kg-1) was obtained at 600°C. All biochar samples produced between 500 and 700°C had an energy densification ratio of 1.41, indicating a higher mass-energy density than the initial feedstock. A larger share of syngas and bio-oil were produced at higher temperatures, as estimated. Preferential selection of a char based on the energy yield would lead to a selection of the 400°C product, while selection based on the energy densification ratio would be for a product obtained between 500 to 700°C.

scholarly journals Pyrolysis Study of Different Fruit Wastes Using an Aspen Plus Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed AlNouss ◽  
Prakash Parthasarathy ◽  
Hamish R. Mackey ◽  
Tareq Al-Ansari ◽  
Gordon McKay
Keyword(s):  
Pyrolysis Product ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Aspen Plus ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Apricot Kernel ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Steady State Model ◽  
Elemental Analyses ◽  
Fruit Wastes ◽  
Date Pits

Large quantities of fruit wastes are generated during the consumption and processing of fruits. The disposal of fruit wastes in an environmentally benign way is a challenging task. The biochar production from fruit wastes by pyrolysis is receiving huge attention because it can alleviate pollution of fruit wastes and provide a supply of biochar sustainably. In this study, five fruit waste types—orange peel, banana peel, mango endocarp, apricot kernel shell, and date pits—are examined. An Aspen Plus simulation tool was employed to develop a steady-state model to predict the pyrolysis product yields of the fruit wastes. The details of the proximate and elemental analyses of the fruit wastes were applied as input parameters in the model, and the simulation was carried out at 300–600°C and 1 atm pressure. Among the fruit wastes, the date pits presented the highest char yield (50.92 wt.%), while the mango endocarp offered the highest syngas yield (54.23 wt.%). From the simulation results, it can be inferred that the date pits are best suited for biochar production, whereas the mango endocarp and orange peel are appropriate for syngas generation. The study is further analyzed by studying the optimization of biomass feedstock blend to yield the highest char relative to bio-oil and syngas. The optimization results demonstrate apricot kernel shell and date pits to dominate the feedstock blend. It is hoped that the current outcomes will be helpful in the selection of appropriate feedstocks for biochar generation through pyrolysis.

Determination of Composition of Cellulose and Lignin Mixtures Using Thermogravimetric Analysis

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaushlendra Singh ◽  
Mark Risse ◽  
K. C. Das ◽  
John Worley
Keyword(s):  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Linear Correlations

The proportional composition of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and minerals in a biomass plays a significant role in the proportion of pyrolysis products (bio-oil, char, and gases). Traditionally, the composition of biomass is chemically determined, which is a time consuming process. This paper presents the results of a preliminary investigation of a method using thermogravimetric analysis for predicting the fraction of cellulose and lignin in lignin-cellulose mixtures. The concept is based on a newly developed theory of pyrolytic unit thermographs (PUTs). The PUT is a thermograph showing rate of change in biomass weight with respect to temperature for a unit weight loss. These PUTs were used as input for two predictive mathematical procedures that minimize noise to predict the fractional composition in unknown lignin-cellulose mixtures. The first model used linear correlations between cellulose/lignin content and peak decomposition rate while the second method used a system of linear equations. Results showed that both models predicted the composition of lignin-cellulose mixture within 7–18% of measured value. The promising results of this preliminary study will certainly motivate further refinement of this method through advanced research.

scholarly journals Valorization of Vine Prunings by Slow Pyrolysis in a Fixed-Bed Reactor

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Suzana Ioana Calcan ◽  
Oana Cristina Pârvulescu ◽  
Violeta Alexandra Ion ◽  
Cristian Eugen Răducanu ◽  
Liliana Bădulescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Pyrolysis Product ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Slow Pyrolysis ◽  
23 Factorial Design ◽  
Bed Temperature ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Water Holding

The paper aimed at studying the slow pyrolysis of vine pruning waste in a fixed bed reactor and characterizing the pyrolysis products. Pyrolysis experiments were conducted for 60 min, using CO2 as a carrier gas and oxidizing agent. The distribution of biochar and bio-oil was dependent on variations in heat flux (4244–5777 W/m2), CO2 superficial velocity (0.004–0.008 m/s), and mean size of vegetal material (0.007–0.011 m). Relationships among these factors and process performances in terms of yields of biochar (0.286–0.328) and bio-oil (0.260–0.350), expressed as ratio between the final mass of pyrolysis product and initial mass of vegetal material, and final value of fixed bed temperature (401.1–486.5 °C) were established using a 23 factorial design. Proximate and ultimate analyses, FT-IR and SEM analyses, measurements of bulk density (0.112 ± 0.001 g/cm3), electrical conductivity (0.55 ± 0.03 dS/m), pH (10.35 ± 0.06), and water holding capacity (58.99 ± 14.51%) were performed for biochar. Water content (33.2 ± 1.27%), density (1.027 ± 0.014 g/cm3), pH (3.34 ± 0.02), refractive index (1.3553 ± 0.0027), and iodine value (87.98 ± 4.38 g I2/100 g bio-oil) were measured for bio-oil. Moreover, chemical composition of bio-oil was evaluated using GC-MS analysis, with 27 organic compounds being identified.

scholarly journals Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis of Cashew Nut Shell

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-232
Author(s):  
Novriany Amaliyah ◽  
Andi Erwin Eka Putra
Keyword(s):  
Pyrolysis Product ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Proximate And Ultimate Analysis ◽  
Cashew Nut Shell

This research examines the characteristics of microwave assisted pyrolysis products of cashew nutshell waste (CNS). The pyrolysis process of CNS conducted with microwave heating of 400 W for 60 minutes. Pyrolysis product such as bio-gas, bio-oil and bio-char were identified using proximate and ultimate analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG), gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) and Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) Method. There is a significant increasing in volatile matter and fixed carbon of derived bio-char and the porous structure was observed in a range of macropore after pyrolysis. The TGA profile reveals CNS sample lost about 71.25% of mass before reached 750℃. The highest decomposition rate on the DTG profile was 0.57 mg/min and 0.56 mg/min as observed at about 261.2℃ and 340.3℃. Bio-oil yield has density of 1.036 gr/ml, viscosity of 19.5 cst after water removing, flash point of 138℃ and HHV of 21.7 MJ/kg. The GC-MS of the bio-oil shows about 53% phenol, 19% palmitic and oleic acid, 11% cyclobutene, 14% ethyl and methyl ester, and cyclopentene and cyclohexane in small amounts in accordance with FT-IR results.

Determination of the minimum number of technological bases of a part

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-75
Author(s):  
B.M. Bazrov ◽  
T.M. Gaynutdinov
Keyword(s):  
Cost Price ◽  
Labor Input ◽  
Part Surface ◽  
Technological Base ◽  
Size Accuracy ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Input Cost ◽  
Selection Of

The selection of technological bases is considered before the choice of the type of billet and the development of the route of the technological process. A technique is proposed for selecting the minimum number of sets of technological bases according to the criterion of equality in the cost price of manufacturing the part according to the principle of unity and combination of bases at this stage. Keywords: part, surface, coordinating size, accuracy, design and technological base, labor input, cost price. [email protected]

scholarly journals Bio-Oil Characterizations of Spirulina Platensis Residue (SPR) Pyrolysis Products for Renewable Energy Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 849 ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Siti Jamilatun ◽  
Aster Rahayu ◽  
Yano Surya Pradana ◽  
Budhijanto ◽  
Rochmadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Bio Oil

Nowadays, energy consumption has increased as a population increases with socio-economic developments and improved living standards. Therefore, it is necessary to find a replacement for fossil energy with renewable energy sources, and the potential to develop is biofuels. Bio-oil, water phase, gas, and char products will be produced by utilizing Spirulina platensis (SPR) microalgae extraction residue as pyrolysis raw material. The purpose of this study is to characterize pyrolysis products and bio-oil analysis with GC-MS. Quality fuel is good if O/C is low, H/C is high, HHV is high, and oxygenate compounds are low, but aliphatic and aromatic are high. Pyrolysis was carried out at a temperature of 300-600°C with a feed of 50 grams in atmospheric conditions with a heating rate of 5-35°C/min, the equipment used was a fixed-bed reactor. The higher the pyrolysis temperature, the higher the bio-oil yield will be to an optimum temperature, then lower. The optimum temperature of pyrolysis is 550°C with a bio-oil yield of 23.99 wt%. The higher the pyrolysis temperature, the higher the H/C, the lower O/C. The optimum condition was reached at a temperature of 500°C with the values of H/C, and O/C is 1.17 and 0.47. With an increase in temperature of 300-600°C, HHV increased from 11.64 MJ/kg to 20.63 MJ/kg, the oxygenate compound decreased from 85.26 to 37.55 wt%. Aliphatics and aromatics increased, respectively, from 5.76 to 36.72 wt% and 1.67 to 6.67 wt%.

scholarly journals Colored cotton wastes valuation through thermal and catalytic reforming of pyrolysis vapors (Py-GC/MS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janduir Egito da Silva ◽  
Guilherme Quintela Calixto ◽  
Rodolfo Luiz Bezerra de Araújo Medeiros ◽  
Marcus Antônio de Freitas Melo ◽  
Dulce Maria de Araújo Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Content ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Catalytic Reforming ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Colored Cotton ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Naturally Colored Cotton ◽  
Main Influence

AbstractThis study aims to analyze the products of the catalytic pyrolysis of naturally colored cotton residues, type BRS (seeds from Brazil), called BRS-Verde, BRS-Rubi, BRS-Topázio and BRS-Jade. The energy characterization of biomass was evaluated through ultimate and proximate analysis, higher heating value, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin content, thermogravimetric analysis and apparent density. Analytical pyrolysis was performed at 500 °C in an analytical pyrolyzer from CDS Analytical connected to a gas chromatograph coupled to the mass spectrometer (GC/MS). The pyrolysis vapors were reformed at 300 and 500 °C through thermal and catalytic cracking with zeolites (ZSM-5 and HZSM-5). It has been noticed that pyrolysis vapor reforming at 500 °C promoted partial deoxygenation and cracking reactions, while the catalytic reforming showed better results for the product deoxygenation. The catalyst reforming of pyrolysis products, especially using HZSM-5 at 500 °C, promoted the formation of monoaromatics such as benzene, toluene, xylene and styrene, which are important precursors of polymers, solvents and biofuels. The main influence on the yields of these aromatic products is due to the catalytic activity of ZSM-5 favored by increased temperature that promotes cracking reactions due expanded zeolites channels.

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