scholarly journals Reducing Antimicrobial Use and Dependence in Livestock Production Systems: A Social and Economic Sciences Perspective on an Interdisciplinary Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanny Baudoin ◽  
Henk Hogeveen ◽  
Erwin Wauters
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Change ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Post Evaluation ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Effective Assessment

Objective: In livestock production, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is considered an externality as it is the undesired result of preventive and curative antimicrobial use. To address this biosocial issue, our objective is to present an approach based on interdisciplinary research to develop strategies and policies that aim to contain AMR.Method: To do so, we addressed three fundamental questions on which control policies and strategies for agricultural pollution problems are centered in the light of AMR. To ensure the technical, economic, behavioral and political feasibility of the developed measures, we demonstrated the usefulness of systemic approaches to define who, what and how to target by considering the complexity in which the ultimate decision-maker is embedded. We then define how voluntary or compulsory behavioral change can be achieved via five routes, introducing a clear taxonomy for AMR Interventions. Finally, we present three criteria for ex-ante analysis and ex-post evaluation of policies and strategies.Conclusion: Interdisciplinary systemic approaches enable the development of AMR policies and strategies that are technically, politically, economically and, last but not least, behaviorally feasible by allowing the identification of (a) all actors influencing AMU in livestock production, (b) power relations between these actors, (c) adequate regulatory and intervention bases, (d) what behavioral change strategy to use, (e) whom should implement this, as well as the cost-effective assessment of combinations of interventions. Unfortunately, AMR policies and strategies are often investigated within different disciplines and not in a holistic and systemic way, which is why we advocate for more interdisciplinary work and discuss opportunities for further research.

scholarly journals Methodology for Evaluation and Development of Refurbishment Scenarios for Multi-Story Apartment Buildings, Applied to Two Buildings in Denmark and Switzerland

Buildings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Yovko Ivanov Antonov ◽  
Per Heiselberg ◽  
Flourentzos Flourentzou ◽  
Michal Zbigniew Pomianowski
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Building Projects ◽  
Cost Calculations ◽  
The Cost

Renovation of existing buildings is an indispensable part of achieving European efficiency and environmental targets. This paper applies different assessment methodologies to find optimal renovation, given different evaluation criteria. The performed literature study identifies the cost-optimal methodology employing Life Cycle Cost (LCC) calculation as one of the most common assessment methods. This paper proposes a new renovation assessment method targeted to the early design phases of specific building projects. The method has a simple structure, and can be used as a roadmap of necessary activities for obtaining solid building knowledge and required energy and cost calculations. The methodology is based on linking economic and energy efficiency parameters into defined cost-effective value, calculated for all investigated renovation actions. The cost-effectiveness value is used for ranking and selecting the most appropriate single renovation actions to form renovation packages, which can be further examined in detail (for example, with LCC). To demonstrate the method, evaluate the strengths, and identify the weaknesses, it is applied to case study buildings in Denmark and Switzerland. The results show that, in the initial stage, the proposed cost-effectiveness representation can be used successfully to compare and evaluate different envelope elements and systems. Cost-effectiveness also provides rational results on a package level. Further work is still required in the area of evaluation of energy supply and renewable energy production systems.

scholarly journals Public Assessment of Releasing a Captive Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Dolphin into the Wild in South Korea

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyo-Jin Kim ◽  
Se-Jun Jin ◽  
Seung-Hoon Yoo
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphin ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Metropolitan Government ◽  
Local Taxes ◽  
Post Evaluation ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Cost

A captive Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin named “Jedol” was released from a zoo into the wild, in Jeju Island Sea off South Korea, in July 2013 to improve his welfare. Since he was illegally captured off the coast of Juju Island in May 2009, he had been performing in dolphin shows at Seoul Zoo, which is owned and operated by the Seoul Metropolitan Government. The release demanded considerable public expenditure, of which the source was local taxes gathered from the residents of Seoul. This paper seeks to conduct an ex-post evaluation of the release, employing the contingent valuation (CV) technique. A total of 500 households living in Seoul in 2013 participated in the CV survey to report their willingness to pay (WTP) for the release. Fifty-two percent were willing to accept an increase in local taxes over the next five years to carry out the release. The mean household WTP estimate was obtained as KRW 4880 (USD 4.56) per annum. The present values of the total WTP and the cost of the release are KRW 79.82 billion (USD 74.53 million) and KRW 751 million (USD 701,000), respectively, in 2013. Interestingly, the former is much more than the latter. We can conclude that the release was desirable from the point of view of Seoul residents.

Valuation of Mangrove Restoration

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward B. Barbier
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Mangrove Restoration ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Breeding Grounds ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Restoration Failure ◽  
The Cost

Since the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, there has been strong interest globally in restoring mangrove ecosystems and their potential benefits from protecting coastlines and people from damaging storms. However, the net economic gains from mangrove restoration have been variable; there have been some notable project successes but also some prominent failures. There is also an ongoing debate over whether or not the cost of mangrove restoration is justified by the benefits these ecosystems provide. Although the high costs of mangrove restoration and the risk of failure have led to criticism of such schemes, perhaps the more pertinent concern should be whether the ex post option of restoration is economically beneficial compared to preventing irreversible mangrove conversion to alternative land uses. Case studies on mangrove valuation from Brazil and Thailand illustrate the key issues underlying this concern. Since much recent mangrove restoration has been motivated by the trees’ potential storm-protection benefit, a number of studies have valued mangroves for this purpose. However, mangroves are also valued for other important benefits, such as providing collected products for local coastal communities and serving as nursery and breeding grounds for off-shore fisheries. The implications of these benefits for mangrove restoration can be significant. It is also important to understand the appropriate use of benefit transfer when it is difficult to value restored mangroves, methods to incorporate the potential risk of mangrove restoration failure, and assessment of cost-effective mangrove restoration.

Auctioning Emission Permits with Market Power

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Alvarez ◽  
Francisco J. André
Keyword(s):  
Market Power ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Secondary Market ◽  
Interior Solution ◽  
Specific Design ◽  
Dominant Firm ◽  
Bidding Strategies ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Equilibrium Bidding ◽  
The Cost

Abstract We analyze emission permit auctions in a framework in which a dominant firm enjoys market power both in the auction and in the secondary market while its competitor behaves in a competitive way. We obtain linear equilibrium bidding strategies for both firms and a unique equilibrium of the auction, which is optimal ex-post for the dominant firm. Under specific distributional assumptions we conclude that the auction always awards less permits to the dominant firm than the cost-effective amount. Our results serve as a warning about the properties of auctioning under market power. Under interior solution the auction allocation is dominated by grandfathering in terms of aggregated cost with probability one. As a policy implication, the specific design of the auction turns out to be crucial for cost-effectiveness. The chances of the auction to outperform grandfathering require that the former is capable of diluting the market power that is present in the secondary market.

scholarly journals An assessment of hydrates inhibition in deepwater production systems using low-dosage hydrate inhibitor and monoethylene glycol

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1169-1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ndubuisi U. Okereke ◽  
Pius E. Edet ◽  
Yahaya D. Baba ◽  
Nkemakolam C. Izuwa ◽  
Sunday Kanshio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Integrated Production ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Formation Of Hydrates ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Monoethylene Glycol ◽  
Production Modelling ◽  
Low Dosage ◽  
Flow Stream

AbstractIn this study, a deepwater pipeline-riser system that experienced hydrates was modelled in MAXIMUS 6.20 (an integrated production modelling tool) to understand, predict and mitigate hydrates formation in typical deepwater system. Highlights of the results from this study suggest that the injection of low-dosage hydrate inhibitors (LDHIs) into the hydrate-forming structures within the multiphase flow stream disperses the hydrates particles in an irregular manner and subsequently decreases the nucleation rate of the hydrate and prevents the formation of hydrates. This study found that the cost of using monoethylene glycol was significantly higher than that of LDHI by over $500/day although low-dosage hydrate inhibitors have initial relatively high CAPEX. In the long run, its OPEX is relatively low, making it cost-effective for hydrate inhibition in deepwater scenarios.

scholarly journals Assessment of the role and significance of the cost formation process in the activities of organizations

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (Extra-C) ◽  
pp. 314-319
Author(s):  
Dmitry A. Gura ◽  
Aleksandr N. Sekisov ◽  
Oksana A. Kuznetsova ◽  
Victoria I. Kalombo Mulamba ◽  
Evgeniya S. Tishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Effective Mechanism ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The article presents a comparative analysis of various approaches to the formation of production costs. The study estimates the role of costs in the production and economic activities of companies in a market environment. At the same time, the assessment considered the impact of the problem of limited resources on the activities of production systems, which is possible to solve only with the active use of alternative ways in organizing the functioning of the cost-effective mechanism of enterprises.    

The Arctic Ship Shape Platform for Well Maintenance, Survey and Workover

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Verbitsky ◽  
Alexey A. Agafonov ◽  
Eduard N. Fomitchyov ◽  
Maksim V. Kovalev ◽  
Irina G. Chesnokova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
First Year ◽  
Arctic Conditions ◽  
Broken Ice ◽  
Ice Conditions ◽  
Drilling Rigs ◽  
The Cost

The conceptual design of floating ship shape platform for well maintenance, survey and workover in prospective fields of Russian Arctic and Sakhalin Island shelf (further The platform) was developed by Krylov State Research Centre specialists with the assistance of CDB “Korall”. The platform under design intended for operation in the Arctic conditions and designed to resist the ice formations such as continuous thin first-year ice and broken ice being the first one in the world practice. The form and chosen hull ice strengthening class allow ensuring safe operation in the mentioned ice conditions. The main purpose for development of the platform was to minimize the offshore wells downtime providing the cost effective way for maintenance of subsea production systems comparing with floating drilling rigs and drilling vessels that takes a significant investment. The economic assessments have shown that operation of such platform will cost two to three times less than renting of a rig or drillship. Having the working deck space of about 1,000 m2 and the ability to download a variety of equipment the platform can perform a variety of testing and wells repairing procedures both for underwater wellhead and for wells operated on fixed platforms.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF SYSTEM-FUNCTIONAL APPROACH IN MANAGEMENT OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF CONSTRUCTION ENTERPRISES

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iryna Perevozova ◽  
Olena Orlova ◽  
Marcel Mainka
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Efficient Solutions ◽  
Functional Approach ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Construction Companies ◽  
The Cost

Reducing the cost of construction is a constant goal of the construction industry. One of the ways to reduce the cost of building construction is the innovative development of construction technologies and construction companies that will increase productivity. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the application of a system-functional approach in the management of innovative development of construction companies. It is important to distinguish between cheap or inexpensive and cost-effective production. Cost-effective buildings are buildings that are manufactured at a low cost while maintaining high standards of design and comfort. The hypothesis is that the system-functional approach is advantageous in order to find effective methods of managing the innovative development of construction companies. To achieve a holistic approach, an interdisciplinary approach to research is needed. Approaching effective methods of managing the innovative development of construction companies in terms of system-functional approach, you can achieve optimization with synergy effects and thus find cost-effective and energy efficient solutions. The study also combines a system-functional approach to strategic management with corporate and entrepreneurial thinking. He outlined the further development of the system of identification and classification of opportunities, consisting of three dimensions: 1) the dynamism between specific to the enterprise and industry opportunities, 2) hierarchies of opportunities and portfolios of opportunities, 3) their internal structure. The capacity for innovative development was analyzed in the context of the system-functional approach, technological systems and the type of process of pooling resources (creation of new versus consolidation of existing opportunities). Current portfolio of opportunities and organizational changes at the construction company are described. It also clarifies the mechanism by which companies can influence the balance between knowledge retrieval and the efficiency of knowledge transfer and integration in their daily financial and economic activities, and hence the diversity of their portfolio and the breadth and novelty of the range of services.

Comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation: A cost assessment based on a randomized clinical trial

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Kruse ◽  
Stefan Hochstrasser ◽  
Ann-Dorthe O. Zwisler ◽  
Jakob Kjellberg
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Usual Care ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cost Assessment ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Cost

Objectives: The costs of comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation are established and compared to the corresponding costs of usual care. The effect on health-related quality of life is analyzed.Methods: An unprecedented and very detailed cost assessment was carried out, as no guidelines existed for the situation at hand. Due to challenging circumstances, the cost assessment turned out to be ex-post and top-down.Results: Cost per treatment sequence is estimated to be approximately €976, whereas the incremental cost (compared with usual care) is approximately €682. The cost estimate is uncertain and may be as high as €1.877.Conclusions: Comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation is more costly than usual care, and the higher costs are not outweighed by a quality of life gain. Comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation is, therefore, not cost-effective.

scholarly journals Modernisation of Regional Roads Evaluated Using Ex-Post CBA

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1849
Author(s):  
Petr Halámek ◽  
Radka Matuszková ◽  
Michal Radimský
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Project Completion ◽  
Post Evaluation ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Serious Injuries ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this evaluation is to verify the telling value of the Cost and Benefits Analysis (CBA) of regional roads modernisation based on an ex-post evaluation of the investments and their impacts on the incidence of traffic accidents. A set of 144 projects were the subject of evaluation. The analysis of the actual investment costs confirmed the assumption that the majority of projects were planned with a sufficient provision. When compared with the costs foreseen for the entire set of projects, the total reduction of actual costs spent was over 11%. The investigation of project impacts on traffic accidents was based on an analysis done prior to and after construction by using the Czech Police database. The measurement results show only minimum changes in the incidence of traffic accidents in the scenario prior to and after project completion. This however strongly contradicts the project goals declared, because the projects were anticipating almost zero accidents with a fatality and a 50% reduction of accidents with health consequences. However, a slight increase in road fatalities and in light and serious injuries was measured. These facts have a significant impact on the Net Present Value (NPV) and the weighted profitability index for the entire set of projects dropped from 16.7% to −2.8%. The key recommendation is to eliminate the impact on traffic accidents in the case of project evaluations processed ex-ante for projects focused only on a reconstruction or modernisation of existing roads.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document