scholarly journals Impact of Zinc and/or Herbal Mixture on Ruminal Fermentation, Microbiota, and Histopathology in Lambs

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Petrič ◽  
Dominika Mravčáková ◽  
Katarína Kucková ◽  
Svetlana Kišidayová ◽  
Adam Cieslak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Diet ◽  
Medicinal Herbs ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Artemisia Absinthium ◽  
Herbal Mixture ◽  
Organic Zinc

We investigated the effect of diets containing organic zinc and a mixture of medicinal herbs on ruminal microbial fermentation and histopathology in lambs. Twenty-eight lambs were divided into four groups: unsupplemented animals (Control), animals supplemented with organic zinc (Zn, 70 mg Zn/kg diet), animals supplemented with a mixture of dry medicinal herbs (Herbs, 100 g dry matter (DM)/d) and animals supplemented with both zinc and herbs (Zn+Herbs). Each lamb was fed a basal diet composed of meadow hay (700 g DM/d) and barley (300 g DM/d). The herbs Fumaria officinalis L. (FO), Malva sylvestris L. (MS), Artemisia absinthium L. (AA) and Matricaria chamomilla L. (MC) were mixed in equal proportions. The lambs were slaughtered after 70 d. The ruminal contents were used to determine the parameters of fermentation in vitro and in vivo and to quantify the microbes by molecular and microscopic methods. Samples of fresh ruminal tissue were used for histopathological evaluation. Quantitative analyses of the bioactive compounds in FO, MS, AA, and MC identified 3.961, 0.654, 6.482, and 12.084 g/kg DM phenolic acids and 12.211, 6.479, 0.349, and 2.442 g/kg DM flavonoids, respectively. The alkaloid content in FO was 6.015 g/kg DM. The diets affected the levels of total gas, methane and n-butyrate in vitro (P < 0.046, < 0.001, and < 0.001, respectively). Relative quantification by real-time PCR indicated a lower total ruminal bacterial population in the lambs in the Zn and Zn+Herbs groups than the Control group (P < 0.05). The relative abundances of Ruminococcus albus, R. flavefaciens, Streptococcus bovis, and Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus shifted in the Zn group. Morphological observation found a focally mixed infiltration of inflammatory cells in the lamina propria of the rumen in the Zn+Herbs group. The effect of the organic zinc and the herbal mixture on the parameters of ruminal fermentation in vitro was not confirmed in vivo, perhaps because the ruminal microbiota of the lambs adapted to the zinc-supplemented diets. Long-term supplementation of a diet combining zinc and medicinal herbs, however, may negatively affect the health of the ruminal epithelium of lambs.

scholarly journals The Effect of Zinc and/or Herbal Nutraceuticals on Rumen Fermentation, Microbiota and Histopathology in Lambs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Petrič ◽  
Dominika Mravčáková ◽  
Katarína Kucková ◽  
Svetlana Kišidayová ◽  
Adam Cieslak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Diet ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Medicinal Herbs ◽  
Rumen Content ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Artemisia Absinthium ◽  
Organic Zinc ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

Abstract Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of diets containing organic zinc and a mixture of medicinal herbs on rumen microbial fermentation and histopathology in lambs.Methods: Twenty-eight lambs were divided into four groups: unsupplemented animals (Control), animals supplemented with organic zinc (Zn, 70 mg Zn/kg diet), animals supplemented with a mix of dry medicinal herbs (Herbs, 100 g DM/d) and animals supplemented with both zinc and herbs (Zn+Herbs). Each lamb was fed a basal diet composed of meadow hay (700 g DM/d) and barley (300 g DM/d). Fumaria officinalis L. (FO), Malva sylvestris L. (MS), Artemisia absinthium L. (AA) and Matricaria chamomilla L. (MC) were mixed in equal proportions. The lambs were slaughtered after 70 days of the experiment. The rumen content was used to determine the fermentation parameters in vitro and in vivo and to quantify the microbes by molecular and microscopic methods. Samples of fresh rumen tissue were used for histopathological evaluation.Results: Quantitative analyses of the bioactive compounds identified 3.961, 0.654, 6.482 and 12.084 g/kg DM phenolic acids and 12.211, 6.479, 0.349 and 2.442 g/kg DM flavonoids in FO, MS, AA and MC, respectively. The alkaloids content in FO was 6.015 g/kg DM. The effect of diets on values of total gas, methane and n-butyrate in vitro was observed (P < 0.046 and P < 0.001, respectively). Relative quantification by real-time PCR revealed a decrease in the total rumen bacterial population in the lambs in the Zn and Zn+Herbs groups (P < 0.05). A shift in the relative abundance of Ruminococcus albus, Streptococcus bovis, Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus and R. flavefaciens was observed in the Zn group. Morphological observation showed focal mixed infiltration of inflammatory cells within the lamina propria of the rumen in the Zn+Herbs group. Conclusion: The effect of the organic zinc and the herbal mix on rumen fermentation parameters in vitro was not confirmed in vivo because the rumen microbiota of lambs probably adapted to the zinc-supplemented diets. However, long-term supplementation of a diet combining zinc and medicinal herbs can diminish the health of the ruminal epithelium of lambs.

scholarly journals Investigation of Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity, and the Effects of Alfalfa Flavonoids on Growth Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Si Chen ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Ning Wang ◽  
Qi An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group

The flavonoids were extracted from alfalfa using ethanol assisted with ultrasonic extraction and purified by D101 macroporous resin column chromatography. The chemical composition and content of ethanol elution fractions (EEFs) were assessed by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography and hybrid quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and aluminum nitrate-sodium nitrite-sodium hydroxide colorimetric method. The in vitro antioxidant activity of two EEFs was conducted by scavenging DPPH free radical, and the main antioxidants of 75% EEFs were screened using DPPH-UHPLC. Moreover, the in vivo antioxidant activity of 75% EEFs and the growth performance of broilers were studied. The results showed that the content of 30% and 75% EEFs was 26.20% and 62.57%. Fifteen compounds were identified from 75% EEFs, and five of them were reported in alfalfa for the first time. The scavenging activity of 75% and 30% EEFs (200 μg/mL) against DPPH was 95.51% and 78.85%. The peak area of 5,3′,4′-trihydroxyflavone and hyperoside was decreased by 82.69% and 76.04%, which exhibited strong scavenging capacities. The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) level of three treated groups against the normal control group (NC) fed with basal diet significantly increased by 3.89-24.49%, 0.53-7.39%, and 0.79-11.79%, respectively. While the malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased by 0.47-18.27%. Compared with the NC, the feed to gain ratio (F : G) of three treated groups was lowered by 2.98-16.53% and survival rate of broilers significantly increased. Consequently, 75% EEFs extracted from alfalfa exhibited powerful antioxidant activities and might be a potential feed additive to poultry and livestock.

scholarly journals Effects of Olive (Olea europaea L.) Leaves with Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities on In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation and Methane Emission

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2008
Author(s):  
Shin Ja Lee ◽  
Hyun Sang Kim ◽  
Jun Sik Eom ◽  
You Young Choi ◽  
Seong Uk Jo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Prevotella Ruminicola ◽  
Degrading Bacteria

We evaluated whether olive leaves (OLs) are effective as feed additives and supplements for ruminants and the potential methane reduction effects during in vitro fermentation. Two Hanwoo cows (460 ± 20 kg) equipped with cannula were fed Timothy hay and corn-based feed 3% of the body weight at a ratio of 6:4 (8:30 a.m. and 5:00 p.m.). Ruminal fluid from the cows was collected and mixed before morning feeding. In vitro batch fermentation was monitored after 12 and 24 h of incubation at 39 °C, and OLs were used as supplements to achieve the concentration of 5% in the basal diet. At 12 h of fermentation, methane production decreased in the 5% OLs group compared to that in the control group, but not at 24 h. The proportion of cellulose-degrading bacteria, Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus albus, and Ruminococcus flavefaciens, tended to increase in the 5% OLs group at 12 h. The amount of ammonia produced was the same as the polymerase chain reaction result for Prevotella ruminicola. At 12 h, the proportion of Prevotella ruminicola was significantly higher in the 5% OLs group. OLs may be used incorporated with protein byproducts or other methane-reducing agents in animal feed.

Arginine promotes porcine type I muscle fibres formation through improvement of mitochondrial biogenesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (5) ◽  
pp. 499-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoling Chen ◽  
Xiaoming Luo ◽  
Daiwen Chen ◽  
Bing Yu ◽  
Jun He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Biogenesis ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Sirtuin 1 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Type I ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Nuclear Respiratory Factor

AbstractThe present study aimed to investigate whether arginine (Arg) promotes porcine type I muscle fibres formation via improving mitochondrial biogenesis. In the in vivo study, a total of sixty Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire weaning piglets with an average body weight of 6·55 (sd 0·36) kg were randomly divided into four treatments and fed with a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with 0·5, 1·0 and 1·5 % l-Arg, respectively, in a 4-week trial. Results showed that dietary supplementation of 1·0 % Arg significantly enhanced the activity of succinate dehydrogenase, up-regulated the protein expression of myosin heavy chain I (MyHC I) and increased the mRNA levels of MyHC I, troponin I1, C1 and T1 (Tnni1, Tnnc1 and Tnnt1) in longissimus dorsi muscle compared with the control group. In addition, ATPase staining analysis indicated that 1·0 % Arg supplementation significantly increased the number of type I muscle fibres and significantly decreased the number of type II muscle fibres. Furthermore, 1·0 % Arg supplementation significantly up-regulated PPAR-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), sirtuin 1 and cytochrome c (Cytc) protein expressions, increased PGC-1α, nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1), mitochondria transcription factor B1 (TFB1M), Cytc and ATP synthase subunit C1 (ATP5G) mRNA levels and increased mitochondrial DNA content. In the in vitro study, mitochondrial complex I inhibitor rotenone (Rot) was used. We found that Rot annulled Arg-induced type I muscle fibres formation. Together, our results provide for the first time the evidence that Arg promotes porcine type I muscle fibres formation through improvement of mitochondrial biogenesis.

Effect of individual Ayurveda plants and mixtures thereof on in vitro ruminal fermentation, methane production and nutrient degradability

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 2258 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Wang ◽  
A. Müller ◽  
D. Hilfiker ◽  
S. Marquardt ◽  
M. Kreuzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Helicteres Isora

In order to identify new ways to mitigate methane emissions from ruminants, six medicinal plants, Achyranthes aspera, Azadirachta indica, Andrographis paniculata, Helicteres isora, Tinospora cordifolia and Piper longum, were evaluated in vitro with respect to ruminal fermentation and methanogenesis. A three-stage approach with n = 6 per treatment was applied. Two 24-h Hohenheim gas test experiments were performed by incubating the plants first as sole substrate and then added to a basal diet (10 g/kg diet DM). Finally, in a 10-day Rusitec experiment, A. paniculata, P. longum and T. cordifolia were supplemented individually and in all binary combinations to a basal diet (25 g/kg DM). Provided as sole substrate, all plants, except P. longum, decreased methane and carbon dioxide production (P < 0.05), and reduced the methane : short-chain fatty acid ratio (P < 0.05) in the Hohenheim gas test. In Rusitec, none of the individual supplements decreased methane production. The combination of A. paniculata with P. longum as a supplement was effective in mitigating the methane : carbon dioxide ratio and simultaneously maintaining feeding value. In conclusion, all medicinal plants incubated as sole substrate, except P. longum, possess anti-methanogenic properties, especially T. cordifolia, A. indica and H. isora. When supplemented at the levels investigated, they were mostly neutral with respect to rumen fermentation and nutrient digestion. Combining A. paniculata with P. longum mitigated methane without side effects on general ruminal fermentation. Further investigations, carried out in vivo, will demonstrate how useful this plant combination is in ruminant nutrition.

scholarly journals Effects of High-Forage Diets Containing Raw Flaxseeds or Soybean on In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation, Gas Emission, and Microbial Profile

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2304
Author(s):  
Xiao-Ge Sun ◽  
Yue Wang ◽  
Tian Xie ◽  
Zhan-Tao Yang ◽  
Ji-Dong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Microbial Profile ◽  
High Forage ◽  
Forage Diets

Lipid metabolism plays an important role in the energy economy of ruminants. However, its interactions of fat, rumen fermentation, gas emission, and microorganisms are not yet clear. This study evaluated the effect of adding raw oilseeds to high-forage diets on in vitro ruminal fermentation, gas composition, and microbial profile. Three isoenergetic and isoproteic experimental diets were designed and used as fermentation substrate: control treatment (CON group) was the basal diet lacking oilseeds, the other two treatments were the basal diet supplemented by 100 g/kg dry matter (DM) raw whole soybean (S group) and 50 g/kg DM raw flaxseed (F group), respectively. Data showed that the acetate, butyrate, and total VFA concentration of culture fluids in the S group were lower (p < 0.05) than in the F group. There was a tendency to a higher level (p = 0.094) of propionate concentration in the F group compared with the other two groups. The gas production in the F group was higher (p < 0.05) than in the control group. There was a lower abundance of Sutterella (p < 0.05) and a greater abundance of Butyrivibrio (p < 0.05) in both of the two oilseed treatments. Methanobrevibacter (p = 0.078) in the F group was the lowest. Our results suggested that CH4 emission could be inhibited with flaxseed supplementation by propionate production metabolism, biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acid (FA), and toxicity to Methanobrevibacter, while regarding soybean seed supplementation, the emission of CH4 was more likely to be reduced through biohydrogenation of unsaturated FA modulated by Butyrivibrio.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of Dietary Supplementation of Both Natural or Nano-Zeolite in Goat Diets: Effects on Ruminal Fermentation and Nutrients Digestibility

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2215
Author(s):  
Amr El-Nile ◽  
Mahmoud Elazab ◽  
Hani El-Zaiat ◽  
Kheir El-Din El-Azrak ◽  
Alaa Elkomy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Vitro Experiment ◽  
In Vitro Experiment

This study aimed to evaluate in vitro and in vivo dietary supplementation with different levels of natural or nano-zeolite forms on rumen fermentation patterns and nutrient digestibility. In the in vitro experiment, a basal diet (50% concentrate: 50% forage) was incubated without additives (control) and with natural zeolite (10, 20, 30 g/kg DM) or nano-zeolite (0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 1.0 g/kg DM) for 24 h to assess their effect on ruminal fermentation, feed degradability, and gas and methane production using a semi-automatic system of in vitro gas production (GP). The most effective doses obtained from the in vitro experiment were evaluated in vivo using 30 Barki goats (26 ± 0.9 SE kg body weight). Goats were allocated into three dietary treatments (n = 10/treatment) as follows: control (basal diet without any supplementations), natural zeolite (20 g/kg DM diet), and nano-zeolite (0.40 g/kg DM diet). The in vitro results revealed that only the nano-zeolite supplementation form quadratically (p= 0.004) increased GP, and the level of 0.5 g/kg DM had the highest GP value compared to the control. Both zeolite forms affected the CH4 production, linear, and quadratic reductions (p < 0.05) in CH4 (mL/g DM), consistent with linear increases in truly degraded organic matter (TDOM) (p = 0.09), and propionate molar proportions (p = 0.007) were observed by nano zeolite treatment, while the natural form of zeolite resulted in a linear CH4 reduction consistent with a linear decrease (p = 0.004) in NH3-N, linear increases in TDOM (p = 0.09), and propionate molar proportions (p = 0.004). Results of the in vivo experiment demonstrated that the nutrient digestibility was similar among all treatments. Nano zeolite enhanced (p < 0.05) the total short-chain fatty acids and butyrate concentrations, while both zeolite forms decreased (p < 0.001) NH3-N compared to the control. These results suggested that both zeolite supplementation forms favorably modified the rumen fermentation in different patterns.

scholarly journals Calcium Overload and Ros Accumulation Induced by Selenium Deficiency Promote Autophagy in Swine Intestine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingying Zheng ◽  
Haoyue Guan ◽  
Jie Yang ◽  
Jingzeng Cai ◽  
Qi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Homeostasis ◽  
Selenium Deficiency ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Intestinal Injury ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Se Deficiency ◽  
Deficiency Group

Abstract Background:Selenium deficiency can seriously affect the intestinal status of swine, and cause diarrhea in swine. However, the specific mechanism of selenium intestinal injury caused by selenium deficiency is rarely reported.Methods:Here, to explore the damage of selenium deficiency on the calcium homeostasis and autophagy mechanism of swine, in vivo and in vitro models of swine intestinal selenium deficiency were established. The intestinal model of swine intestine was established by feeding different selenium concentrations. Besides, selenium-deficient medium and normal medium were used to culture IPEC-J2 cells to establish in vitro models. Morphological observation and cell staining were used to determine the way of intestinal injury, and gene expression was quantitatively detected by qPCR and WB.Results:Morphological observations showed that compared with the control group, intestinal cells in the Se-deficiency group were significantly damaged, and autophagosomes increased. MDC staining and cytoplasmic calcium staining results showed that in the Se-deficiency group, autophagy increased and calcium homeostasis was destroyed. Also, according to the ROS test results, the percentage of ROS in the Se-deficiency group is higher than the control group in the in vitro model. Compared with the control group, the protein and mRNA expressions of autophagy and calcium-related genes (Beclin1, LC3-1, LC3-2, ATG5, ATG12, ATG16, mTOR, CAMKK-β, AMPK, SERCA, calpain) in the Se-deficiency group were significantly increased which was consistent in vivo and in vitro. Under the influence of selenium deficiency, the mRNA expression level of selenoproteins decreased significantly, and the steady-state content of some elements was also destroyed. Conclusion:Altogether, our results indicated that selenium deficiency could destroy the calcium homeostasis and antioxidant homeostasis of swine intestine to trigger cell autophagy. Moreover, selenium deficiency reduces the overall expression of selenoproteins and affects the content of elements in the intestine.

Quantification of organic acids in ruminal in vitro batch culture fermentation supplemented with fumarate using a herb mix as a substrate

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-68
Author(s):  
J. Pisarčíková ◽  
Z. Váradyová ◽  
K. Mihaliková ◽  
S. Kišidayová
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Batch Culture ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Medicinal Herbs ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Artemisia Absinthium ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

Two 24 h in vitro batch culture experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of fumarate addition (10 mmol L−1) on the ruminal fermentation parameters of selected medicinal herbs, and the effects of different doses of fumarate (0, 10, or 30 mmol L−1) on ruminal metabolism of organic acids when a high-concentrate diet (meadow hay and barley grain, 400/600, w/w) was supplemented with a mix of medicinal herbs (Artemisia absinthium L., Melissa officinalis L., Malva sylvestris L., Matricaria chamomilla L., Plantago lanceolata L., Foeniculum vulgare Mill., and Althaea officinalis L.). Depending on the concentration, fumarate treatment decreased methane production (by 10–11%) and increased propionate proportions (by 5–13%) with high-concentrate diets. The organic acid (fumaric, succinic, malic, and lactic acid) concentrations in the batch culture were measured at intervals of 0, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h. The time and organic acid concentrations with 10 mmol L−1 fumarate were well correlated (R 2 = 0.846). The amount of succinate was accumulated and metabolized more slowly than that of fumarate (>24 h). The addition of fumarate and a herb mix could positively influence in vitro ruminal fermentation parameters of high-concentrate diets by increasing the levels of propionate and succinate as well as the pH, and by decreasing of methane emissions.

In-vitro- und In-vivo-Wirkung von Schilddrüsenhormon auf das Wachstum von Neuroblastomzellen

1990 ◽  
Vol 29 (03) ◽  
pp. 120-124
Author(s):  
R. P. Baum ◽  
E. Rohrbach ◽  
G. Hör ◽  
B. Kornhuber ◽  
E. Busse
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Neuroblastoma Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Initial Rise ◽  
Biphasic Effect ◽  
Contrast Microscopy ◽  
Morphological Sign

The effect of triiodothyronine (T3) on the differentiation of cultured neuroblastoma (NB) cells was studied after 9 days of treatment with a dose of 10-4 M/106 cells per day. Using phase contrast microscopy, 30-50% of NB cells showed formation of neurites as a morphological sign of cellular differentiation. The initial rise of the mitosis rate was followed by a plateau. Changes in cyclic nucleotide content, in the triphosphates and in the activity of the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) were assessed in 2 human and 2 murine cell lines to serve as biochemical parameters of the cell differentiation induced by T3. Whereas the cAMP level increased significantly (3 to 7 fold compared with its initial value), the cGMP value dropped to 30 to 50% of that of the control group. ATP and GTP increased about 200%, the ODC showed a decrease of about 50%. The present studies show a biphasic effect of T3 on neuroblastoma cells: the initial rise of mitotic activity is followed by increased cell differentiation starting from day 4 of the treatment.

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