scholarly journals The inhibitory effect of onion plant extract and its active ingredients in a number of germs and synergies between active ingredients and antibiotics

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 14-35
Author(s):  
Khader Suleiman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Onion Plant

Prevalence of Listeria species in raw milk, ice cream and yogurt and effect of selected natural herbal extract on its survival

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
Mona Yousef ◽  
Hazem Ramadan ◽  
Maha Al-Ashmawy
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extract ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Ice Cream ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Food Preservation ◽  
Herbal Extract ◽  
Listeria Species ◽  
Soft Cheese ◽  
High Reduction

Objective: This study aimed to detect the prevalence of Listeria species in raw milk, ice cream and yogurt, and to evaluate the effect of extract of clove, thyme and pomegranate peel on such organism. Design: Descriptive study. Procedures: One hundred and fifty samples of milk, ice cream and yogurt were examined for isolation, identification and molecular identification of Listeria spp. Extraction of natural plant extract as clove, thyme and pomegranate peels and detection of their inhibitory effect on Listeria spp. Results: The prevalence of Listeria spp. in milk was 36% where 14% as L. monocytogenes, 6% L. innocua and 16% and other Listeria spp. was 16%. In yogurt, Listeria spp. was 6% as L. innocua was 2% and other Listeria spp. was 4%, while no L. monocytogenes was detected. In ice cream, Listeria spp. was 8% where L. monocytogenes was 2% and other Listeria spp. was 6% while no L. innocua was detected. The concentration of plant extract was 2.5% which showed high reduction rate on L. innocua and L. monocytogenes during shelf life of soft cheese. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Listeria is widely isolated from milk than from ice cream and yogurt. Plant extracts play role in food preservation and consider as a natural antimicrobial agent where most effective one was clove extract.

scholarly journals CONNECTION APPROACHES BETWEEN TRADITIONAL AND MODERN PHARMACOLOGICAL PROFILE OF SHOREA ROBUSTA GAERTN. F.: A REVIEW

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Manish Pal Singh ◽  
Ravi Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extract ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Profile ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Shorea Robusta ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Different Parts

Shorea robusta is regarded as an important medicine in Ayurveda. S. robusta Gaertn. f. belongs to family Dipterocarpaceae, and traditionally, it is used to treat wounds, ulcers, leprosy, cough, gonorrhea, earache, and headache and many more. The use of different parts of this plant such as leaves, resin, and bark as a medicament for the treatment of various conditions is well documented in literature. It is the rich source of flavonoids, saponins, steroids, tannins, phenols, etc. mainly triterpenoids, which play the prominent role for their therapeutic potential in the drug. These compounds are believed to be responsible for the pharmacological activities of plant extract. The present review clarified the main active ingredients and pharmacological effects of S. robusta as a promising plant as a result of effectiveness and safety. Further studies should be carried out this plant to discover the unrevealed part of it which may serve for the welfare of humankind.

scholarly journals Investigation on the Enzymatic Profile of Mulberry Alkaloids by Enzymatic Study and Molecular Docking

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihua Liu ◽  
Ying Yang ◽  
Wujun Dong ◽  
Quan Liu ◽  
Renyun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Consensus Score

α-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) have been an important category of oral antidiabetic drugs being widely exploited for the effective management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the marketed AGIs not only inhibited the disaccharidases, but also exhibited an excessive inhibitory effect on α-amylase, resulting in undesirable gastrointestinal side effects. Compared to these agents, Ramulus Mori alkaloids (SZ-A), was a group of effective alkaloids from natural Morus alba L., and showed excellent hypoglycemic effect and fewer side effects in the Phase II/III clinical trials. Thus, this paper aims to investigate the selective inhibitory effect and mechanism of SZ-A and its major active ingredients (1-DNJ, FA and DAB) on different α-glucosidases (α-amylase and disaccharidases) by using a combination of kinetic analysis and molecular docking approaches. From the results, SZ-A displayed a strong inhibitory effect on maltase and sucrase with an IC50 of 0.06 μg/mL and 0.03 μg/mL, respectively, which was similar to the positive control of acarbose with an IC50 of 0.07 μg/mL and 0.68 μg/mL. With regard to α-amylase, SZ-A exhibited no inhibitory activity at 100 μg/mL, while acarbose showed an obvious inhibitory effect with an IC50 of 1.74 μg/mL. The above analysis demonstrated that SZ-A could selectively inhibit disaccharidase to reduce hyperglycemia with a reversible competitive inhibition, which was primarily attributed to the three major active ingredients of SZ-A, especially 1-DNJ molecule. In the light of these findings, molecular docking study was utilized to analyze their inhibition mechanisms at molecular level. It pointed out that acarbose with a four-ring structure could perform desirable interactions with various α-glucosidases, while the three active ingredients of SZ-A, belonging to monocyclic compounds, had a high affinity to the active site of disaccharidases through forming a wide range of hydrogen bonds, whose affinity and consensus score with α-amylase was significantly lower than that of acarbose. Our study illustrates the selective inhibition mechanism of SZ-A on α-glucosidase for the first time, which is of great importance for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Inhibitory effect of Emblica officinals on the in vivo clastogenicity of benzo alpyrene and acyclophosphamide in mice

2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 377-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Sharma ◽  
P Trikha ◽  
M Athar ◽  
S Raisuddin
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Detoxification Enzymes ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Mechanism Of Inhibition ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
Cytochrome P 450

Benzo [α] pyrene (B[α]P) and cyclophosphamide (CP) are potent carcinogens/mutagens. Effect of Emblica officinalis extract administration on the in vivo genotoxi-city of B[α]P and CP was studied using bone marrow chromosomal aberration and micronucleus induction tests in mice. Three doses (50,250 and 500mg/kgbodyweight) oftheplant extractwere administered orallyfor 7 consecutive days prior to the administration of single dose of mutagens (B[α]P 125 mg/kg oral; CP 40 mg/kg i.p.). It was found that administration of 250 and 500 mg/kg of E. officinalis extract significantly inhibited the genotoxi-city of B [α] P as well as CP in both the assay systems. Administration of 50 mg/kg of the plant extract had no inhibitory effect. Vitamin C, a major constituent of E. officinalis when administered at dose level of 9 mg/kg b.w. (the approx-imate estimated amount present in the highest dose of plant extract, i.e. 500 mg) for 7 days did inhibit chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei induction, but not in a significant manner. Effect of administration of the abovementioned effective doses (250 and 500 mg/kg oral for 7 days) of plant extract and vitamin C (9 mg/kg oral for 7 days) on the hepatic activation and detoxification enzymes was also studied. Significant induction in the levels of glutathione content (GSH) and of antioxidant and detoxification enzymes viz., glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S transferase (GST) resulted from plant extract treatment to animals. On the other hand, cytochrome P 450 level was significantly decreased in the plant-extract-treated animals. There was no significant change in cytochrome P 450, GSH contents and activities of enzymes on treatment with vitamin C. The data indicate that the possible mechanism of inhibition by plant extract is mediated by its modulatory effect on hepatic activation and disposition processes.

scholarly journals Biological effect of Lawsonia inermis plant

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Buthaina Abdul-Hamza H. ALzubedy ◽  
Shaymaa O. M. ALhamdany ◽  
Raghad K. M. ALkazaly ◽  
Masya A. A. ALzubedy ◽  
Zenia AbdulKareem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extract ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Lawsonia Inermis ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Antimicrobial Effectiveness

This study was compared the antimicrobial effectiveness of Lawsonia inermis plant extract (alcoholic, aqueous and silver nanoparticles) on the growth of different types of Gve+ bacteria and Gve- bacteria at concentration 80 mg /L. It was noted that the ( alcoholic, hot and cold water) extract have highest impact recorded in the growth of bacteria S.aurous with inhibition zone (26mm) followed by the bacteria P.aueroginosa at inhibition zone reached (22mm) and finally the yeast C. albicans at inhibition zone reached (17mm), while silver nano-particles of the plant extract the most influence on the bacteria, it gave the highest Inhibition area reached (30mm) on the growth of the S. aurous, followed by the inhibition area of P.aueroginosa reached (26mm) then Strep. pyogein (25mm), and finally the yeast C. albicans reached (18 mm). With regard to the complex (alcoholic extract and antibiotic Amoxylein) its effects has varied upon microorganisms, there is a synergistic effect on the growth of the yeast C. albicans at inhibition zone (30mm) while it has been observed inhibitory effect of this complex on the growth of p. aeroginosa with inhibition zone amounted to (15mm), but did not show any significant impact on the growth of both bacteria (K. pneumonia, E.coli Strep. Pyogein& P. aeroginosa,), while the (alcoholic extract and antibiotic Erythromycin) showed inhibitory and synergistically effect on each of the bacteria (E.coli, S. aurous, yeast C. albicans and P. aeroginosa) respectively. According to obtained results the antibiotic Erythromycin shows higher inhibitory effect than antibiotic Amoxylein. It has also been investigated the lower values of absorbance at the wavelength of 260 nm with increasing the concentration of crude alcoholic extract, this reveled the ability of henna extract in the removal of free radicals liberated from photolysis of hydrogen peroxide compound .

scholarly journals Sensitivity of Colletotrichum acutatum Isolates to Selected Fungicides

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1111-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbora Jílková ◽  
Jana Víchová ◽  
Radovan Pokorný ◽  
Karel Vejražka
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Conidial Germination ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Almost All

Laboratory tests of six isolates of the pathogen Colletotrichum acutatum from different host plants demonstrated the varying sensitivity of pathogen with regard to mycelium growth and conidial germination after treatment with seven fungicides containing various active ingredients. None of the evaluated isolates was tolerant to the selected active ingredients in the fungicides. In tests of mycelium growth sensitivity, isolates from lupin and strawberry were most frequently identified as the most sensitive of all evaluated fungicides. The safflower isolate, on the other hand, most frequently exhibited the lowest reaction to fungicides. Differences in conidial germination of individual isolates were not detected in fungicides with the active ingredients dithianon, folpet and mancozeb, for which inhibition reached 100% in almost all isolates. The most significant differences in sensitivity among individual isolates were recorded in fungicides with the active ingredients azoxystrobin and metiram. In the case of the fungicide with active ingredient azoxystrobin, the highest inhibitory effect was achieved in the safflower isolate and the lowest in the white lupin isolate. After treatment with the fungicide with active ingredient metiram, the lowest germination rate was recorded in isolates from safflower and strawberry and the highest in isolates from hypericum and lupin.

scholarly journals Evaluation of antibacterial and antifungal properties of selected mouthwashes: in vitro studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Olejnik ◽  
Anna Biernasiuk ◽  
Anna Malm ◽  
Jolanta Szymanska
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Antifungal Properties ◽  
Amine Fluoride ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Reference Strains

Abstract Introduction. Mouthwashes should include antimicrobial compounds to inhibit microorganism multiplication, thus the formation and development of dental plaque. Aim. The aim of the study was to evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal effectiveness of mouthwashes depending on their active ingredients. Material and methods. In the study, the effect of antibacterial and antifungal properties of mouthwashes on reference bacterial and yeast-like fungi strains was examined. The first type of the assessed mouthwashes contained only sodium fluoride or sodium fluoride and amine fluoride as active ingredients, while the second type contained sodium fluoride and cetylpyridinium chloride. In the study, a well diffusion method was used to test microorganisms constituting natural or pathogenic microflora of oral mucosa. The used reference microorganisms came from the ATCC: L. acidophilus ATCC 4356, Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103, S. mutans ATCC 25175, and Candida yeasts: C. albicans ATCC 2091, C. albicans ATCC 10231, Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019, Candida glabrata ATCC 90030, Candida krusei ATCC 14243. Results. The mouthwashes containing sodium fluoride and cetylpyridinium chloride showed an inhibitory effect against a greater number of reference strains used in the study than did mouthwashes that contained only sodium fluoride (or sodium fluoride and amine fluoride) as active ingredients. Against the four reference strains of Candida genus, the mouthwashes with an inorganic and organic fluoride compound showed no or minimum inhibitory effect or were much less effective than the mouthwashes that also contained cetylpyridinium chloride. Conclusion. Mouthwashes containing multiple ingredients with different antimicrobial mechanisms show synergistic action against the bacterial and fungal microflora responsible for the accumulation of dental plague.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effect of Fermented Grape Pomace on Degranulation in RBL-2H3 Cells and an Analysis of Its Active Ingredients

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koyuki KONDO ◽  
Kazutoshi NAKAMURA ◽  
Yasunori HAMAUZU ◽  
Takeshi KAWAHARA ◽  
Hiroshi SANSAWA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Active Ingredients

scholarly journals Dryopteris filix-mas (Dryopteridaceae) leaves inhibit mouse uterine activity

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enitome E. Bafor ◽  
Wellington O. Omokaro ◽  
Osamuyi H. Uwumarongie ◽  
Uloma B. Elvis-Offiah ◽  
Osemelomen Omoruyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Uterine Contractility ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Uterine Activity ◽  
Uterine Contractions ◽  
Free Media ◽  
Relaxing Effect

Background: The plant Dryopteris filix-mas has been used traditionally for its uterine-stimulant effects.Aim: The current study is therefore aimed at investigating and determining the effect of the leaves of D. filix-mas on uterine contractility in vitro.Setting: Fresh leaves of D. filix-mas were collected from a river bank in the south-western part of Nigeria.Methods: The leaves of D. filix-mas were cleaned, dried and extracted in methanol. The extract (0.07 µg/mL–21.0 µg/mL) was tested on the isolated mouse uteri in order to determine activity on spontaneous-induced uterine contractions. Subsequently the extract (0.005 mg/mL and 0.05 mg/mL) was tested on oxytocin-induced contraction (0.00017 ng/mL–4.98 ng/mL) in calcium-containing media, submaximal oxytocin-induced contraction (0.116 ng/mL) in calcium-free media and in the presence of high KCl-induced uterine contractions (80 mM). The extract was also subjected to mass spectrometric determination of secondary metabolites.Results: The plant extract inhibited spontaneous-induced contractions with IC50 amplitude = 658.41 ng/mL ± 0.11 ng/mL and IC50 frequency = 175.32 ng/mL ± 0.53 ng/mL. The plant extract inhibited oxytocin-induced and high KCl-induced uterine contractions (p < 0.01 at 0.5 mg/mL). The plant extract had no effect on oxytocin-induced contractions under calcium-free conditions. Secondary metabolites belonging to classes of fatty acids, alkaloids, saponin glycosides, amino acids, limonoids, terpenes and porphyrins were identified.Conclusion: The current study reports an inhibitory effect of the plant on uterine contractility in this study, suggesting possible application as a tocolytic or as a contraceptive, as most contraceptive plants have shown uterine-relaxing effect.

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