scholarly journals Decomposition of Random Sequences into Mixtures of Simpler Ones and Its Application in Network Analysis

Algorithms ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 336
Author(s):  
András Faragó
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Special Property ◽  
Decomposition Theorem ◽  
Fundamental Result ◽  
Random Networks ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Random Sequences ◽  
Exchangeable Sequence ◽  
The Subject ◽  
De Finetti's Theorem

A classic and fundamental result about the decomposition of random sequences into a mixture of simpler ones is de Finetti’s Theorem. In its original form, it applies to infinite 0–1 valued sequences with the special property that the distribution is invariant to permutations (called an exchangeable sequence). Later it was extended and generalized in numerous directions. After reviewing this line of development, we present our new decomposition theorem, covering cases that have not been previously considered. We also introduce a novel way of applying these types of results in the analysis of random networks. For self-containment, we provide the introductory exposition in more detail than usual, with the intent of making it also accessible to readers who may not be closely familiar with the subject.

An Integrated Approach for the Teaching of Pipe Network Analysis Using Project Based Learning

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Ibrahim ◽  
M. W. B. Khalid ◽  
G. Shoukat ◽  
M. Sajid
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Pressure Head ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Project Based Learning ◽  
Pipe Network ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Complex Project ◽  
The Impact

This paper discusses the results of a study regarding the impact of using Project-Based Learning (PBL) to enhance the understanding of the concepts related to Pipe Network Analysis, a subtopic of Fluid Mechanics, studied by students enrolled in a mechanical engineering degree. It has been frequently reported by students and professors alike, that a lecture-only approach is not effective in terms of helping students grasp the fundamentals of a subject, nor does it help students in actual problem solving where different variables have to be catered to, which may have been ignored in a conventional lecture. Therefore, in this study, a more open-ended, complex project-based approach was used in addition to the lectures on the subject of Pipe Network Analysis. The project required students to design a pipe network for a scaled setup based on specified fluid flow and pressure head requirements at different nodes. An experimental setup that implemented these pipe networks was also developed in order to validate the theoretical results. The students’ grades and their documented responses were used as the criterion for compiling and analyzing the results. We also describe how we incorporated PBL into the classrooms in order to improve the learning experience, and evaluate the efficacy of the proposed method. The overall results show that the students were proactively engaged in the PBL activity, linking their knowledge to the real world, which ultimately led to improved concept development.

scholarly journals Lenguas en contacto: abriendo paso a las modificaciones lingüísticas del judeo-español en Turquía en el siglo XX.

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Slawomira Hastedt
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Social Attitudes ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Languages In Contact ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
Ways Of Life ◽  
Península Ibérica

Hoy más que nunca la economía mundial exige el contacto e intercambio y el aislamiento geográfico y lingüístico se vuelven conceptos en peligro de extinción. Los mundos y las lenguas entran en contacto y son sujetos de transformaciones: dejan surgir nuevas formas de vivir, percibir y de expresarse. Al tema de nuevas formas de expresarse pertenece la evolución lingüística de lenguas en contacto y no resultará sorprendente que este estudio se enfocará en la lengua judeo-española en Turquía por lo espectacular que es su mantenimiento en forma intacta por unos 400 años y luego por abrirse a la adopción de varios elementos de las lenguas vecinas, en sólo un siglo. En este estudio presentaremos las particularidades del súbito desarrollo de esta lengua en función de las diversas actitudes sociales que surgieron en el siglo XX en Turquía. El estudio explicará las condiciones sociales de la conservación de la lengua adoptada en la península Ibérica, señalará las circunstancias que provocaron la inestabilidad de su status quo, y, por último, presentará ejemplos de las prácticas sociales últimamente descubiertas que puedan impactar positivamente la lucha por la supervivencia de esta lengua. Today more than ever the global economy demands contact and exchange in such a way that the geographic and linguistic isolation become concepts on the verge of extinction. The worlds and their languages come into contact and are subject to alterations as new ways of life, perception and expression evolve. To the subject of new forms of expression belongs the evolution of the languages in contact and it will not be surprising that this study will focus on Judeo-Spanish in Turkey considering its spectacular conservation in the original form for nearly 400 years, and then because of its opening to various elements of the neighbouring languages in the last century. In this study, we will present the particularities of the sudden development of this language in function of the diverse social attitudes which emerged in 20th century Turkey. The study will explain the social conditions that lead to the conservation of the language adopted in the Iberian Peninsula, will point out the circumstances which provoked the instability of its status quo, and, finally, it will present examples of lately discovered social practices which may impact positively the struggle for survival of this language.

scholarly journals The Hand Extending Beyond the Cosmos: Discussions on the Khalā’ [Void] Between the Baṣran and Baghdād Schools of Mu’tazila

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Ahmet Mekin Kandemir
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Metaphysical Tradition

We can find the origins of the notion of void in the Kalām tradition’s recognition of atomism. However, the main debates on the subject appeared after the Greek philosophical heritage transitioned to the Islamic world in the 3 rd century of Hijra. The literature of Kalām, just as in the metaphysical tradition, has two main types for this void being discussed. The first one is the external void (extracosmic) in which the cosmos floats. In the sources of Kalām, the question of whether such a type of void exists is debated around the questions of whether anyone who might look beyond the cosmos can see anything or whether someone who stretches their hand outside the cosmos can move it. The second type of void, which occupies more of the mutakallimūn (Muslim theologians) agenda, is the internal void (intercosmic), assumed to be within the cosmos and between the body-forming atoms. This kind of void is discussed around the question of “Whether separating the two atoms is possible so that a third one can be inserted between them?” An ongoing discussion on the intercosmic void is found between the Baṣran and Baghdād Schools of Mu’tazila. Ibn Mattawayh and al-Nīsābūrī narrated the evidence presented in these discussions in their original form. The current essay discusses the debates between the two Schools and assesses the theoretical and experimental arguments both Schools present to justify their viewpoints, considering their philosophical origins.

Infinitival Clauses in the Romance Languages

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Mensching
Keyword(s):  
Special Property ◽  
Prepositional Phrase ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Matrix Clause ◽  
Object Control ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Infinitival Clauses ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Subject Agreement

“Infinitival clauses” are constructions with a clausal status whose predicate is an infinitive. Romance infinitive clauses are mostly dependent clauses and can be divided into the following types: argumental infinitival clauses (such as subject and object clauses, the latter also including indirect interrogatives), predicative infinitival clauses, infinitival adjunct clauses, infinitival relative clauses, and nominalized infinitive clauses (with a determiner). More rarely, they appear as independent (main) clauses (root infinitival clauses) of different types, which usually have a marked character. Whereas infinitival adjunct clauses are generally preceded by prepositions, which can be argued to be outside the infinitival clause proper (i.e., the clause is part of a prepositional phrase), Romance argumental infinitive clauses are often introduced by complementizers that are diachronically derived from prepositions, mostly de/di and a/à. In most Romance languages, the infinitive itself is morphologically marked by an ending containing the morpheme {r} but lacks tense and agreement morphemes. However, some Romance languages have developed an infinitive that can be inflected for subject agreement (which is found in Portuguese, Galician, and Sardinian and also attested in Old Neapolitan). Romance languages share the property of English and other languages to leave the subject of infinitive clauses unexpressed (subject/object control, arbitrary control, and optional control) and also have raising and accusative-and-infinitive constructions. A special property of many Romance languages is the possibility of overtly expressing a nominative subject in infinitival clauses, mostly in postverbal position. The tense of the infinitive clause is usually interpreted as simultaneous or anterior to that of the matrix clause, but some matrix predicates and infinitive constructions trigger a posteriority/future reading. In addition, some Romance infinitive clauses are susceptible to constraints concerning aspect and modality.

4. On the Diffusion of an Impalpable Powder into a Solid Body

1880 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 712-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sydney Marsden
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Amorphous Carbon ◽  
Solid Body ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Small Particles ◽  
Soda Water ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Very High ◽  
Do So

In a note on “The Effect of Heat on an Infusible, Impalpable Powder,” by Professor P. G. Tait, in the Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, vol. ix. p. 298, for the year 1876–77, Professor Tait points out that such a powder becomes very fluid under the action of heat, and behaves in many respects in the same way as a liquid would do—viz., convection currents are distinctly to be observed, and small particles of the powder are thrown up from the surface, in the same manner as we perceive little drops of water thrown up from the surface of a glass of soda-water. And Professor Tait then asks the question—If, supposing we had two such infusible, impalpable powders, would they diffuse into one another as do gases and liquids ? This is a question which as yet has not been answered. Professor Tait and I have been engaged in some experiments on the subject for some time, but the difficulties (chemical and physical) to be overcome are much greater than at first sight appear, and at present we are unable to say definitely whether they do so or not. But I think an answer may be obtained from another source. In some recent experiments I had occasion to have a number of Berlin porcelain crucibles and amorphous carbon in an impalpable powder kept in contact with each other at very high temperatures for from ten to twelve hours, with the following effect, that, although the crucibles did not become fused, but retained their exact original form, yet the carbon found its way to a considerable distance into the crucible, and some of the particles penetrated the crucible throughout. This was not a case, therefore, of fusion and mechanical mixture.

Innocent X Pamphilj's Architectural Network in Rome

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 897-952
Author(s):  
Stephanie C. Leone ◽  
Paul A. Vierthaler
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Art And Architecture

This study employs network analysis and microhistory to challenge the standard narrative about architecture and patronage in Baroque Rome, that of celebrity patron-artist relationships. It investigates the artists and artisans below this elite team and the plurality of relationships that developed among them. The subject is Innocent X Pamphilj's monumental works of art and architecture, at the Vatican, Piazza Navona, Campidoglio, Lateran, and Janiculum Hill, commissioned for the 1650 Holy Year. It argues that competent artisans and their relationships influenced the operation of building sites and presents Innocent X as the patron of an industrious architectural enterprise.

scholarly journals Informational Space and Its Subjective Basis

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-34
Author(s):  
Marat Buzskiy
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social System ◽  
Special Property ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Information Space ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Main Function ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject

The article discusses the problem of determining the information space of modern society. Considering modern interpretations of this space, the author notes the widespread approach of describing the properties of this space from the information itself contesting the relationship between the past and the present, their interaction in modern society. Trying to solve the problem we consider the constant function of the social system, i.e. the formation of its specific historical integrity in the form of the universality of the subject - a special property of the system itself expressing the achieved level of social relations of society, forming goals, defining guidelines and patterns of behavior, as well as features of consciousness and ideas of people of this society. The article deals with the peculiarities of four historical forms of universality of the subject – myth, religion, activity and information, their interaction with the social system and personality (social subjects). From this point of view the author believes that the modern information space does not reveal its real subjective potential and should be considered as a formation, since the social system itself and its subject are historically only at the beginning of its existence. The conceptual basis of the article lies in the identification of a special objective regularity – the dialectical interaction of the social system and its subject form generated by the system – a historically reproducing permanent mechanism, which, however, changes its content along with the development of society. The main function of the universality of the subject is to present or express the most common systemic quality as a kind of objective goal of society and at the same time to determine the main direction and nature of socio-spiritual and practical interactions of people in a particular historical era. Thus this subject acts as a special intermediary between specific individuals and the social system. It expresses some general quality of system structures or orders arising in different epochs objectively arising in society. Therefore, the information society and its space are not autonomous in relation to the past, but express the modern stage of this process – the formation of objective conditions of the system stability on the basis of accelerating dynamics of information processes and interactions. And the basis of these conditions, their concentrated manifestation is the universality of the subject in its information "objectification".

scholarly journals An Analysis of Drug Abuse Networking in Pakistan

1995 ◽  
Vol 34 (4III) ◽  
pp. 971-984
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rafiq
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Subject

There are three principal reasons for undertaking the present paper. First, although all the dimensions of diffusion of drug abuse are still uncertain and the existence and extent of Drug Abuse Networking (DAN) is certainly not the only factor determining the likelihood of the spread of drug abuse. Nevertheless, one of the prime modes of its spread is through DAN. The extent of DAN and the diffusion of drug abuse in society are closely related to each other [Brook, Nomura and Cohen (1989, 1989a, 1992); Kornhauser (1978); Elliott, Huizinge and Dunford (1983); Delemarre (1993)]. Second, the network analysis provides an important instrumental element to deal with social problems and to uncover the information for intervention in specific groups of the community for the well-being of its members [Uehara (1990); Wellman and Scott (1990); Brook, Nomura, and Cohen (1980); Coombs (1973); Thompson (1973); Eggert, Thompson, Herting, Nicholas and Dicker (1994); Gould (1991)]. Last, the issues of DAN’s dynamics and its control have received little attention in literature relevant to Pakistan or elsewhere. It is also considered important from the policy point of view to determine the dynamics of DAN in Pakistan on the basis of experimental research.1 It is hoped that this paper will help in the attainment of these goals. It addresses the subject from different perspectives, but the major aim is to help develop and establish methodologies in the context of Pakistan. Such research may help those involved in making the policies and in controlling the diffusion of drug abuse in Pakistan. In recent

scholarly journals Social structuring and social network analysis (SNA): religion and the God node

AWARI ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Oliva
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Network Analysis ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Religious Conflict ◽  
Random Networks ◽  
General Process ◽  
Politics And Religion ◽  
Religious Networks ◽  
Social Structuring

This article links the theory of social structuring and the SNA (Social Network Analysis). We understand the emergence of religious networks as a more general process of social structuring. In the processes of structuring social networks, the connections are no longer random and become hierarchical and preferential links. Social structuring is associated with the models of random networks (ER); the greater or lesser degree of structuring, is a greater or lesser degree of randomness in the structuring of social ties. The concepts of real and potential connections are addressed, and ARS models are applied to the characterization of monotheism and polytheism. The nature of religious ties and normative networks is specified. Isomorphism of social structuring in politics and religion, and inter-religious conflict, are addressed.

Correlations Adaptation for Optimal Emissions Prediction

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tsalavoutas ◽  
M. Kelaidis ◽  
N. Thoma ◽  
K. Mathioudakis
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Empirical Correlations ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Semi Empirical

An approach for estimating the pollutants emitted from a gas turbine using semi-empirical correlations is described. An extensive literature review has been carried out, in order to obtain information already available in the public domain, on the subject of pollutants emitted from turbine engines and on the effect of different parameters on them. It is shown that application of correlations in their original form does not provide a reliable estimation of emissions. Such estimation requires adaptation to the particular case studies. The possibility of adapting the considered semi-empirical correlations to available emissions measurements, through the use of optimization method is further studied. Multivariate analysis, for the establishment of generic correlations had been also applied. Results are presented and compared to the test data that derive from the dry performance of an industrial turbine and a turbojet military engine. It is demonstrated that a good predictive ability can be established.

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