Role of Living Conditions and Socioenvironmental Factors on Chronotype in Adolescents

An individual’s chronotype, defined as the preference for rest and activity at different times of the day, is linked to several physiological and psychological outcomes. Research on environmental determinants of chronotype has focussed mostly on geographic location, whereas other socioenvironmental determinants have been neglected. We aimed to investigate the association between other previously unrecognized socioenvironmental factors and chronotypes in adolescents. We analysed data of 1916 Bengali adolescents (aged between 13–14 years, 47% girls). Chronotype was determined by the reduced morningness–eveningness questionnaire (rMEQ), and socioenvironmental factors were identified through a structured questionnaire. Associations were analysed using multinomial logistic regression models. Our findings demonstrated that living in urban areas, the presence of a smoker at home, and higher parental education were associated with a higher evening activity (eveningness), while the use of biomass cooking media (compared to liquefied petroleum gas) and assisting parents in farming were associated with higher morningness in adolescents. This is the first study to identify the association between previously unrecognized socioenvironmental factors and chronotypes delineating the interaction between environment and sleep in adolescents and might help the parents to understand the importance of a proper sleep-activity rhythm of their kids through a comprehensive understanding of their surrounding environment and other factors.

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The role of health surveillance in the management of water quality in rural properties in seven municipalities of the Region of Paraná

Periódico Eletrônico Fórum Ambiental da Alta Paulista ◽

10.17271/1980082717620213075 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Tiago Vinicius Silva Athaydes ◽

Jefferson de Queiroz Crispim ◽

Mauro Parolin

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Contaminated Water ◽

Regional Office ◽

Main Partner ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Structured Questionnaire

Sanitation in rural areas in Brazil is still very precarious, with deficits greater than in urban areas. In this sense, the central objective of this research is to evaluate the role of the Municipal Surveillance in the management of water quality in rural properties in the Midwestern region of Paraná, covering the beginning of the monitoring of water quality, the relationship of the Consolidation Ordinance No. 5 of 2017 of the Ministry of Health regarding the choices of parameters on potability indices in relation to the parameters analyzed in the Surveillance, the presence of outbreaks due to diseases arising from the consumption of contaminated water, the demand by residents and the partners who contribute to the realization of these activities. The data were obtained through the application of a semi-structured questionnaire, through the 11th Health Regional Office of Campo Mourão. It was presented that the municipalities have acted in the monitoring of water quality in an uneven way at the beginning of the activities, following the parameters of the Ordinance. The municipalities had demands and demands from residents and counted on the 11th Health Regional Office as the main partner in the monitoring support. Only Iretama presented an outbreak due to the consumption of contaminated water.

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Effect of location on access to finance: international evidence on the moderating role of employee training

Review of Behavioral Finance ◽

10.1108/rbf-07-2020-0166 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Mukhammadfoik Bakhadirov ◽

Zakir Pashayev ◽

Omar Farooq

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Financial Services ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Geographic Location ◽

Employee Training ◽

Access To Finance ◽

Skill Levels ◽

Content Type ◽

Rural Firms

PurposeThe paper answers the following questions: (1) Do firms located in rural areas experience greater problems in accessing financial services? (2) If this is the case, what can these firms do to improve their access to finance?Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses the pooled logistic regression and the data collected by the World Bank's Enterprise Surveys during the period between 2008 and 2018 to answer the aforementioned questions.FindingsThe results of this paper show that firms headquartered in rural (urban) areas experience greater (lower) problems in accessing finance than other firms. This paper attributes these findings to higher (lower) levels of information asymmetry and lower (higher) levels of density of banking operations in rural (urban) areas. The results of this paper also show that firms headquartered in rural areas can improve their access to finance by increasing the skill levels of their employees.Originality/valueThis paper highlights the actions that rural firms can undertake to overcome the adverse impact of their geographic location.

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Socioeconomic Inequalities and Mild Cognitive Impairment: Evidence From England and Japan

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igab046.462 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 121-121

Author(s):

Aswathikutty Gireesh ◽

Pamela Almeida-Meza ◽

Hashimoto Hideki ◽

Andrew Steptoe ◽

Dorina Cadar

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Socioeconomic Inequalities ◽

Ageing Population ◽

Political Factors ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

The Uk ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Japan is the world’s fastest ageing population, with a higher prevalence of dementia than in the UK. Less clear is the role of socioeconomic inequalities in neurocognitive disorders between these countries. This study aims to assess comparatively the relationship between education, a marker of cognitive reserve, and income in relation to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia in England and Japan. We ascertained MCI using a validated algorithm based on one standard deviation below the mean on two standardised cognitive tests. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to study the associations between socioeconomic markers and MCI/dementia. The prevalence of MCI was almost twice as high among English adults compared to Japanese. Results suggest that nations are similar in overall socioeconomic inequalities of MCI/dementia, but this might differ across socioeconomic markers. Considerable variability in the health inequalities could be attributed to the country-specific socio-cultural-political factors, which remains to be further explored.

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The Prevalence of Postpartum Depression and Identification of Its Risk Factors in South Western of Iran in 2019-2020

Journal of Biostatistics and Epidemiology ◽

10.18502/jbe.v7i2.6724 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Reza Beiranvand ◽

Zaher Khazaei ◽

Maryam Parsanahad ◽

Zahra Hamule ◽

Susan Mohamadi Hossein Abadi5 ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Postpartum Depression ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Multiple Model ◽

Khuzestan Province ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Elective Abortion ◽

History Of ◽

Control Study

Introduction: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a major cause of burden of diseases in women within the first 4 weeks of delivery. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and the role of various factors in PPD in the northern and northeastern regions of Khuzestan province. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was undertaken as the first phase of a case-control study on 1424 mothers in the first 24 to 48 hours after childbirth between January 2019 and January 2020. The data collected covered three areas: baseline characteristics, medical history, and PPD. The latter was measured using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale with a cut-off point of equal to or greater than 12. The collected data were analyzed using Stata-16 software and simple and multiple Logistic Regression models. Results: The prevalence of PPD was estimated at 26.6% in the study sample. In the multiple model, the History of elective abortion (OR= 2.26, 95%CI=1.19, 4.27), delivery in the summer (OR= 2.11,95%CI=1.39, 3.20), birth defect (OR= 2.09, 95%CI=1.10, 3.94), the history of infertility treatment (OR= 0.33, 95CI=0.18, 0.61) and living in urban areas (OR= 0.52, 95%CI=0.39, 0.70), had relationship with the chance of developing PPD. Conclusion: The results of this study, which sought to identify factors reinforcing and preventing PPD, can be used to identify mothers at risk for PPD. Moreover, it can help make appropriate interventions, including psychological and emotional support of mother during and even before pregnancy to alleviate PPD.

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Medical students perceptions and motivations in time of COVID-19 pandemic

10.1101/2020.05.28.20115956 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Patricia Tempski ◽

Fernanda M Arantes-Costa ◽

Renata Kobayasi ◽

Marina AM Siqueira ◽

Matheus M Torsani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Geographic Location ◽

Student Organizations ◽

Individual Characteristics ◽

Odds Ratios ◽

Future Health ◽

Suspected Infection ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Sense Of Purpose

Background: There has been a rapid increase in the number of cases of COVID19 in Latin America, Africa and Asia, in many countries that have an insufficient number of physicians and other health care personnel, and the need for the inclusion of medical students as part of the health teams is a very important issue. It has been recommended that medical students work as volunteers, have appropriate training, do not undertake any activity beyond their level of competence, have continuous supervision and adequate personal protective equipment. However, motivation of medical students must be evaluated in order to make volunteering a more evidence-based initiative. The aim of our study was to evaluate motivation of medical students to be part of the health team to help in the COVID19 pandemic. Methods and Findings: We developed a questionnaire specifically to evaluate medical students perceptions about participating in care of patients with suspected infection due to coronavirus during the COVID19 pandemic. The questionnaire had two parts: a) individual characteristics, year and geographic location of medical school; b) twenty eight statements responded on a 5 point Likert scale (totally agree, agree, neither agree nor disagree, disagree and totally disagree). To develop the questionnaire, we performed consensus meetings of a group of faculty and medical students. The questionnaire was sent to student organizations of 257 medical schools in Brazil and answered by 10,433 students. We used multinomial logistic regression models to analyse the data. Statements with greater odds ratios for participation of medical students in COVID19 pandemic were related to sense of purpose or duty (It is the duty of the medical student to put himself at the service of the population in the pandemic), altruism (I am willing to take risks by participating in practical in the context of pandemic), perception of good performance and professional identity (I will be a better health professional for having experienced the pandemic). Males had higher odds ratios than females (1.36 [95% CI: 1.24 to 1.49] to 1.68 [95% CI: 1.47 to 1.91]). Conclusions: Medical students are motivated by sense of purpose or duty, altruism, perception of good performance and values of professionalism more than their interest in learning. These results have implications in the developing of programs of volunteering and in the design of health force policies in the present pandemic and in future health emergencies.

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Who is Teleworking and Where from? Exploring the Main Determinants of Telework in Europe

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12218797 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (21) ◽

pp. 8797 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Purificación López-Igual ◽

Paula Rodríguez-Modroño

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Regression Models ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Full Time ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Home Based ◽

European Working ◽

European Working Conditions Survey ◽

Main Determinants ◽

Flexible Models

Telework and ICT-based mobile work (TICTM) arrangements have emerged in response to technological changes driven by digitalisation, increasing flexibility within the labour market, and globalisation. As telework becomes more widespread, these flexible models of work are rapidly expanding to new categories of employees, changing the factors traditionally found to be important for telework eligibility. The aim of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of new profiles of teleworkers, examining main factors that increase or decrease the likelihood of different TICTM arrangements. We apply multinomial logistic regression models to a sample of more than 20,000 workers from the 6th European Working Conditions Survey. Our findings confirm the heterogeneity in the profiles of teleworkers, particularly distinguishing by TICTM arrangement. Occasional teleworkers are usually male managers or professionals, but a relevant percentage of highly mobile teleworkers are technicians and associate professionals, while clerical support workers amount to a large group of home-based teleworkers. The majority of occasional and highly mobile teleworkers are still men, but this can no longer be said of home-based teleworkers. The correlations between telework and permanent contracts, full-time jobs, and living in urban areas are weak, showing that TICTM is spreading into more precarious, temporary, and lower-paid jobs, especially among home-based teleworkers and highly mobile teleworkers.

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Polygenic risk for schizophrenia and neighbourhood characteristics at birth: findings from a UK longitudinal birth cohort

10.31234/osf.io/nsu32 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Francesca Solmi ◽

Glyn Lewis ◽

Stanley Zammit ◽

James Bowes Kirkbride

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Population Based ◽

Risk Scores ◽

Relative Risk Ratio ◽

Standard Deviation Increase ◽

Polygenic Risk ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Deprived Neighbourhoods ◽

Neighbourhood Characteristics

Background: Being born in more urban, deprived and socially fragmented neighbourhoods is associated with increased schizophrenia risk. It remains unclear whether this association is causal, or arises due to genetic confounding, possibly via inter-generational social drift of those at greater schizophrenia risk over time. We investigated whether children with greater polygenic risk scores (PRS) for schizophrenia were more likely to be born in more disadvantaged neighbourhoods. Method: Using geocoded data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, standardised PRS for schizophrenia and multinomial logistic regression models, we investigated the association between greater PRS and tertiles of neighbourhood population density, deprivation, inequality and social fragmentation at birth. Results: A total of 6,374 children had data available on neighbourhood characteristics at birth and PRS. A one standard deviation increase in PRS was associated with greater risk of being born in the most deprived neighbourhoods (third tertile relative risk ratio (RRR): 1.07, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 95%CI: 1.00 – 1.14, p=0.04) and in more socially fragmented neighbourhoods (second tertile RRR: 1.07, 95%CI: 1.01 – 1.14 p=0.02; third tertile: RRR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.05 – 1.20, p<0.0001). We did not observe any other associations.Conclusions: In this population-based cohort of children in southwest England, those born in more deprived and socially fragmented, but not densely populated neighbourhoods were at greater polygenic risk for schizophrenia. These findings only partially support intergenerational drift as a possible explanation of higher schizophrenia rates in urban areas, and are in line with a multifactorial aetiology of schizophrenia.

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Medical students’ perceptions and motivations during the COVID-19 pandemic

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0248627 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. e0248627

Author(s):

Patricia Tempski ◽

Fernanda M. Arantes-Costa ◽

Renata Kobayasi ◽

Marina A. M. Siqueira ◽

Matheus B. Torsani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Medical School ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Geographic Location ◽

Student Organizations ◽

Individual Characteristics ◽

Future Health ◽

Suspected Infection ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Sense Of Purpose

Background There has been a rapid increase in the number of cases of COVID-19 in Latin America, Africa, Asia and many countries that have an insufficient number of physicians and other health care personnel, and the need for the inclusion of medical students on health teams is a very important issue. It has been recommended that medical students work as volunteers, undergo appropriate training, not undertake any activity beyond their level of competence, and receive continuous supervision and adequate personal protective equipment. However, the motivation of medical students must be evaluated to make volunteering a more evidence-based initiative. The aim of our study was to evaluate the motivation of medical students to be part of health teams to aid in the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods and findings We developed a questionnaire specifically to evaluate medical students’ perceptions about participating in the care of patients with suspected infection with coronavirus during the COVID-19 pandemic. The questionnaire had two parts: a) one part with questions on individual characteristics, year in medical school and geographic location of the medical school and b) a second part with twenty-eight statements assessed on a 5-point Likert scale (totally agree, agree, neither agree nor disagree, disagree and totally disagree). To develop the questionnaire, we performed consensus meetings with a group of faculty and medical students. The questionnaire was sent to student organizations of 257 medical schools in Brazil and answered by 10,433 students. We used multinomial logistic regression models to analyze the data. Statements associated with greater odds ratios for participation of medical students in the COVID-19 pandemic were related to a sense of purpose or duty (“It is the duty of the medical student to put himself or herself at the service of the population in the pandemic”), altruism (“I am willing to take risks by participating in practice in the context of the pandemic”), and perception of good performance and professional identity (“I will be a better health professional for having experienced the pandemic”). Males were more prone than females to believe that only interns should participate in the care of patients with COVID-19 (odds ratio 1.36 [coefficient interval 95%:1.24–1.49]) and that all students should participate (OR 1.68 [CI:1.4–1.91]). Conclusions Medical students are more motivated by a sense of purpose or duty, altruism, perception of good performance and values of professionalism than by their interest in learning. These results have implications for the development of volunteering programs and the design of health force policies in the present pandemic and in future health emergencies.

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The Role of Firm’s Location, Export-Related Resources and Capabilities in Relation to Coffee & Sesame Export Performance in Ethiopia

International Journal of Business Administration ◽

10.5430/ijba.v12n5p47 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

Getie Andualem Imiru

Keyword(s):

Human Resource ◽

New Product Development ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Export Performance ◽

Geographic Location ◽

Rural Businesses ◽

Organizational Planning ◽

Beneficial Impact ◽

Resources And Capabilities

Exporting has been one of the fastest foreign expansion strategies in the last two decades. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of an exporter's location in the development of export-related resources and capabilities, which will have an impact on the degree of export performance. The relationship between export-related resources, capabilities, and export performance are examined in this study. A total of 300 questionnaires were sent out to coffee and sesame exporters. However, only 253 surveys were used for analysis. The SmartPLS 3 software was used to analyse the data using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) technique. The study's findings suggest that access to location-specific resources and skills are critical antecedents for a company's ability to build export-related resources and capabilities in order to improve export performance. The geographic location of a company has a considerable and beneficial impact on human resource capability (β =0.67, p=0.001). Information capability was not significantly influenced by human resource capability ((β =0.082, P=0.259). Information capability ((β =0.656, p=0.001) is significantly influenced by organizational planning capability ((β =0.452, p=0.001). Satisfaction Export Performance ((β =0.431, p=0.01) has been significantly and positively influenced by information capability. New Product Development Capability influences strategic export performance significantly and positively ((β =0.330, p=0.001). Strategic export performance ((β =-0.035, P= 0.820) and satisfaction with export performance ((β =0.050, P= 0.625) were not affected by relationship capability. These data suggest that when it comes to exporting, rural businesses face significantly greater obstacles than those in metropolitan areas. The outcomes of this study will assist managers of remote-area businesses in developing equally appealing recruitment and reward practices in order to compete with businesses in urban areas. Furthermore, the outcomes of this study advise that export firm managers think carefully about the resources and capabilities required to improve their export performance.

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Women's Contribution to Sustainable Development on Patipata (Schumannianthus dichotoma) Based Cottage Industries in Sylhet Region, Bangladesh

Technium Social Sciences Journal ◽

10.47577/tssj.v20i1.3602 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

pp. 888-899

Author(s):

Israt Eshita Haque ◽

Md. Sabbir Hossain

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Survey Research ◽

Subject Matter ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Major Part ◽

Different Types ◽

Sylhet Region ◽

Cottage Industries ◽

Structured Questionnaire

The role of women in sustainable development is very crucial in society. This study was intended to investigate women’s contribution to sustainable development on patipata based cottage industries evaluating its productivity & profitability and also mentioning challenges & further recommendations at Angarzur village of Gowainghat Upazilla in Sylhet region, Bangladesh. The study area and 125 respondents were selected by purposive sampling because of its nature and subject matter in where survey research was carried out with a semi-structured questionnaire. Middle aged female are highly involved in patipata-based cottage industries in this area. Women produce different types of patipata-based articles that require 2- 7 days from where women earn annually about 77,965/=Tk. Women play a major part in the production process and around 333 numbers of articles are sold per year. For different types of articles, the net average cost ranges from 45 Tk. to 270 Tk. and net average profit ranges from 30 Tk. to 410 Tk. The demand of patipata based articles has found a significant distinction in rural-urban areas. However, the sustainability of women’s contribution to this business faces some challenges that should be reduced through the collaboration of concerned authorities.

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