scholarly journals The Regulatory Framework for Safety Management Systems in Airworthiness Organisations

Aerospace ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eranga Batuwangala ◽  
Jose Silva ◽  
Graham Wild
Keyword(s):  
Safety Management ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Component Design ◽  
International Civil Aviation Organisation ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
The Status

In recent years, a growing emphasis on safety has driven various industries, both in manufacturing and service, to implement a Safety Management System (SMS) in their organisations. SMSs have also been widely implemented in aviation due to both regulatory requirements and voluntary implementation with the aim of decreasing incidents and accidents whilst reducing inefficiencies and costs stemming from the repercussions of safety failures. The aviation industry involves various players for the provision of services ranging from airline operations, maintenance, aerodrome operations, air traffic services, aircraft and component design, manufacturing, and training. Not all organisations in the aviation industry have implemented SMSs. Furthermore, SMS is currently not regulated for all aviation organisations. Whilst technology has played a key role in driving down the number of accidents and incidents in aviation, the growth in air traffic demands having programs in place to further drive down accident rates. In this context, this article provides an investigation to the regulatory framework for the implementation of SMSs in aviation, including the requirements stipulated by the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) and the status of SMS regulation of key National Aviation Authorities (NAA) and Military Aviation Authorities (MAA), with a focus on organisations involved in airworthiness including initial and continuing airworthiness. This article also investigates the challenges of implementing SMSs in organisations involved in Airworthiness, as well as the benefits that could be gained by service providers as well as NAA’s or MAA’s through SMSs.

RISK MANAGEMENT IN AIR NAVIGATION SERVICES

2020 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-89
Author(s):  
Dolores Gracja PIWEK
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Service Provider ◽  
Management System ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Safety Management System ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Navigation Service

The need to develop and adopt legal standards for safety management was identified at the Conference of General Directors of Civil Aviation dedicated to the global strategy of aviation safety (Montreal, March 20-22, 2006) and additionally supported by the recommendations of the Safety Conference (Montreal, March 29 - April 1, 2010). The year 2006 saw the introduction of issues related to the safety management system to the Convention’s annexes. The existing fundamental rules related to SMS were included in the annexes: 1 - Personnel licensing, 6 - Operation of Aircraft, 8 - Airworthiness of Aircraft, 11 - Air Traffic Services, 13 - Aircraft Accident and Incident Investigation, and 14 - Aerodromes. In addition, due to the dynamic development of aviation and, at the same time, the growing need to create the highest standards in the field of safety management systems, the Air Navigation Commission established the Safety Management Panel (SMP) to develop the content of Annex 19. After several years of reconciliation and consultation, this document was finally adopted by the ICAO Council in 2013. It has become the ipso facto document that provides the basis for creating an effective safety management system, as it is compatible and also adapted to the most effective practices indicated in the ICAO Doc 9859 Safety Management Manual. Annex 19 sets out the responsibility of States, the safety management system and the collection of information related to safety. The National Civil Aviation Safety Programme and the structure of this system were also dealt with. The whole idea is to support states in the process of hazard identification and risk management. The purpose of the article was: to highlight selected elements of the risk management process in a practical dimension, to present the principles for assessing the degree of risk by an air navigation service provider, and to identify ways of improving this process. Searching for an answer to the main research problem contributed to achieving this goal. The research problem was expressed in the form of a question: How does the air navigation service provider manage the risk under the air traffic safety management system in order to achieve compliance with regulatory requirements and to achieve the assumed parameters (indicators) in the area of safety? With regard to the main research problem, the following research hypotheses were formulated: 1. I believe that an air navigation service provider undertakes an assessment of the degree of possible danger in civil aviation to identify hazards in air traffic as part of a safety management system. 2. I suppose that the air navigation service provider manages the risk in a manner consistent with the provisions of law and by using procedures included in normative documents.

THE MANAGEMENT OF CHANGE AS PART OF THE SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF SELECTED CIVIL AVIATION ORGANISATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-76
Author(s):  
Dominika MARZEC
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Management System ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Management Of Change ◽  
Safety Management System ◽  
Safety Assurance ◽  
Navigation Service

As air traffic is continously growing and the number of potential hazards for safety is also rising, improvement of management systems is required to ensure an adequate level of safety. The management of change constitutes an important part of the safety management system (SMS) defined in Annex 19 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation. It is one of twelve elements of SMS found in the ‘Safety assurance’ component. The management of change put in place in an aviation organisation demonstrates the considerable development of an SMS. This process is essential for managing safety in an efficient way. The article reports on the state of implementation of the management of change in selected civil aviation organisations and also points out the difficulties related with carrying it out in everyday life. The paper focuses on managing changes of certified aerodromes and air navigation service providers. In the conclusions, tools are proposed that enable the reader to improve the process.

scholarly journals Legal aspects of safety management in civil aviation

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Michał Wojciech Lutek
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Management System ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Aviation Safety ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Safety Management System ◽  
Polish Law

<p><strong></strong>The article aims to show selected issues related to safety management system with particular reference to its legal aspects. It is composed of seven parts. The first one outlines the general overview on the problem of aviation safety. In the following passage, substance of safety management in civil aviation is presented. Third part describes key factors determining safety in aviation. In the fourth subtitle, selected issues regarding international regulations concerning safety management systems are discussed with reference to Chicago Convention and Annex 19 which established detailed arrangements for safety management. Subsequently, the author describes the EU legislation related to subject matter as well as major institution in charge of ensuring safety like European Aviation Safety Agency. The las but one subtitle refers to some legal aspects of safety management in civil aviation in Polish law. The summary contains conclusions drawn from the analysis of the both international and polish regulations.</p><p><strong>Purpose</strong> - The paper’s main purpose is to present legal framework of aviation safety management at the level of international, European and polish law. The author also investigates the role of legal regulations in the process of keeping aviation safe with reference to other factors which have a negative influence on aviation safety. </p><p><strong>Design/Methodology/Approach </strong>- A comprehensive analysis of legislation was conducted along with literature review including international publications focused both on the area of management and law. The reference list was selected in such way to show an objective and impartial approach to the subject matter.</p><p><strong>Findings </strong>- The laws regarding safety management in aviation are subject to harmonization but we can observe that the regulations are becoming more and more technical and complex.</p><p><strong>Research limitations/implications </strong>- The limitations of this paper lie in the lack of review of the studies of practical part of the safety management system regulations.</p><p><strong>Practical implications</strong>-The review shows a profound review of legislation which may be used by both managers and lawyer from aviation industry. Moreover, some statistical data is provided in order to emphasize the importance of safety management in the current world.</p><p><strong>Originality/Value</strong>-The article presents analysis carried at three levels of legal regulations, i.e. international, European and local (Polish) which is the best way to show similarities and point out differences. </p><br />

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF DEFICIENCIES IN THE PROCEDURES FOR THE RISK MANAGEMENT OF SAFETY IN THE ICAO DOCUMENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-61
Author(s):  
V. D. Sharov ◽  
B. P. Eliseev ◽  
V. V. Vorobyov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
State Level ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Management Procedures ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
High Level

The article is devoted to the analysis of inaccuracies in the terminology and in the description of safety management procedures associated with both shortcomings in the documents of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and incorrect, and sometimes simply erroneous translation of certain provisions of the documents from English into Russian. As well known, all ICAO documents are originally written in English and correct translation is extremely important for their adequate understanding and application in practice. This is especially important for Russian airlines, as methodological developments on the implementation of safety management systems (SMS) at the state level are not enough. Experience in the development and implementation of SMS in airlines shows that due to inaccuracies in ICAO documents there are additional difficulties. Accordingly, there is a broad and often subjective interpretation of a number of ICAO Rube provisions in airlines, which leads to a conflict of priorities and irrational use of resources of airline and other aviation enterprises. The article notes with a demonstration of specific examples that in each new ICAO document in Russian the names of components and elements of the conceptual framework (structure) of the SMS of the service provider change, although in the original English version these names are constant since 2006.The main methodological difficulties in the development and implementation of the SMS by service providers are associated with risk management, and it is in this part that the greatest number of inaccuracies in the documents is observed. It is shown, in particular, that the term "Risk Factor" appeared in the ICAO SMM due to the erroneous translation into Russian of the English term "Safety Risk", and its use in parallel with the term "Hazard" in high-level documents (the Air Code of the Russian Federation, article 24.1 and in the Decree of the Russian Federation Government from 18.11.2014 No 1215) introduces additional confusion at the level of air enterprises in the understanding of risk management within the technocratic concept of risk.

Survey of Attitudes Toward Aviation Safety Management System (SMS) Training

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne K. Kearns ◽  
Julie Aitken Schermer
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Safety Management System ◽  
Learner Analysis ◽  
Positive Attitudes

Abstract. With a growing volume of traffic, the aviation industry is moving to fully embrace a predictive approach to safety management, which requires the implementation of safety management system (SMS) training on an international scale. An online survey was distributed through an International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) State Letter to solicit perceptions of SMS training from a variety of international aviation professionals. The survey collected 1,103 complete responses. The results identified robust differences in how SMS training is perceived by men and women and by professionals from different geographic regions. Female respondents had more negative attitudes toward training than did males. Regarding regional differences, Middle Eastern participants had the most positive attitudes while Europeans reported the most negative attitudes toward SMS training. The data suggest caution is warranted before global distribution of SMS training and illustrate the importance of a learner analysis, as individual differences among learners may impact the effectiveness and adoption of SMSs.

Cooperation Between Science and Aviation-Sector Service Providers in Europe for Risk Management of Volcanic Ash

2017 ◽  
Vol 2626 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uta Reichardt ◽  
Gudmundur F. Ulfarsson ◽  
Gudrun Petursdottir
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Volcanic Eruption ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Atmospheric Environment ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Jet Engines ◽  
Science Governance ◽  
Sector Service

The eruption of Eyjafjallajökull in April–May 2010 (hereafter E2010) revealed the fragility of air traffic in the case of an ash-producing volcanic eruption. This study examines developments since E2010 of cooperation between science and aviation-sector service providers toward efforts for improved resilience against a new volcanic eruption. The research builds on literature and interviews with representatives from research and regulatory institutes, air traffic managers, aircraft operators, and engine manufacturers across Europe. The article describes how scientific advice was requested to revise the regulatory precautionary approach and reopen airspace during E2010. The paper depicts the increased effort of scientific advancement in the understanding of ash characterization, modeling of the volcanic ash plume, and atmospheric environment. Furthermore, cross-disciplinary workshops and the memorandum of understanding between Icelandic and British institutions are examined to document increased cooperation between scientists and aviation-sector service providers to provide support to decision makers. However, the science needed for improved risk management is complex and depends on the effects of volcanic ash on jet engines. The concentration levels decided on over the course of a few days in 2010 have not been revised, and the aviation industry does not seem to prioritize research into these issues. A dialogue is needed between science, governance, and engine manufacturers, as well as more collective research funding to test jet engines to improve informed decision making, rather than leaving such research only to the manufacturers and internal political agendas.

scholarly journals A Field Study of Work Type Influence on Air Traffic Controllers’ Fatigue Based on Data-Driven PERCLOS Detection

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 11937
Author(s):  
Jianping Zhang ◽  
Zhenling Chen ◽  
Weidong Liu ◽  
Pengxin Ding ◽  
Qinggang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Air Traffic Controllers ◽  
Work Type

The fatigue of air traffic controllers (ATCOs) on duty seriously threatens air traffic safety and needs to be managed. ATCOs perform several different types of work, with each type of work having different characteristics. Nonetheless, the influence of work type on an ATCO’s fatigue has yet to be demonstrated. Here, we present a field study in which the fatigue of ATCOs working in two types of work was compared based on an optimized data-driven method that was employed to detect the percentage of eyelid closure over the pupil over time (PERCLOS). Sixty-seven ATCOs working within two typical jobs (i.e., from the terminal control unit (TCU) and area control unit (ACU)) were recruited, and their fatigue was detected immediately before and after shift work using PERCLOS. Using a Spearman correlation test analysis, the results showed that the influence of work type on an ATCO’s fatigue had interesting trends. Specifically, the ATCOs at the TCU who handle departures and arrivals, which include converging with and maneuvering around conflicts, retain normal circadian rhythms. Their fatigue was significantly influenced by the various demands from tasks focusing on sequencing and conflict resolution and by the time phase of a normal circadian rhythm. At the ACU, ATCOs manage flights that are mainly on route, causing monotonous monitoring and routine reporting tasks, and the ATCOs generally have frequent night shifts to handle overflights. Their fatigue was significantly influenced by the demand characteristics from tasks, but changes in fatigue rule were not consistent with a normal circadian rhythm, revealing that the ATCOs’ circadian rhythms may have already been slightly disturbed. Furthermore, the interactions between task demand and circadian rhythm with an ATCO’s fatigue were significantly observed in ATCOs working in the TCU but not in those in the ACU. This study provides first evidence that an ATCO’s work type influences his or her fatigue. This discovery may incite stakeholders to consider work type in the management of employee fatigue, not only in the civil aviation industry but also in other transport industries.

scholarly journals THE PLACE OF THE STATE AVIATION SERVICE OF UKRAINE IN THE SYSTEM OF EXECUTIVE BODIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
N. Borisocheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
The State ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Civil Aircraft

Based on the analysis of the current legislation, the system of subjects of interaction with the State Aviation Service has been determined. These include: the Ministry of Infrastructure of Ukraine (functional ministry), which includes the State Enterprise of Air Traffic Services of Ukraine, the State Enterprise of Air Traffic Services of Ukraine, the National Bureau for Investigation of Aviation Incidents and Incidents with Civil Aircraft, the State Aviation Regulation Department of Ukraine - bodies implementing state policy in civil aviation and the use of Ukrainian airspace. The following features inherent in the subjects of public administration in the field of aviation and the use of airspace of Ukraine: 1) the subject of public administration are both the executive branch and bodies that do not have such a status were endowed with the appropriate powers; 2) orderliness of the activities of all state subjects of regulation of the aviation industry in accordance with a single goal and strategic objectives, which are simultaneously synchronized with the main vector of development of the state. Among such general directions of development we can single out - European integration, economic strengthening of Ukraine, ensuring national security and defense; 3) the broad profile of the activity of state subjects of regulation is due to the fact that aviation is an integral part of the transport sector of the state; 4) taking into account, in carrying out regulatory activities, a large number of international standards, rules and requirements, which in turn implies the ability of the subjects of state regulation to actively work closely with foreign organizations; 5) the ability to integrate, ie integrated perception of the aviation industry and the use of airspace of Ukraine, which is technologically complex, is not limited to air transport, also includes production, repair and modernization, training, economic, land and other legal issues. 6) exclusion of commercial interests in the implementation of regulatory activities by state entities, while streamlining such activities in accordance with the economic interests of the state. It is noted that the field of aviation and the use of Ukrainian airspace is regulated by a large number of public administration entities, which form a complex and multilevel structure that does not benefit the development of this industry. Special emphasis should be placed on the different status of these bodies and the existence of duplicate powers in them. That is why today it is necessary to simplify the existing system as follows: 1. to ensure the independence of the State Aviation Service of Ukraine by obtaining a special status; 2. to subordinate to the State Aviation Service of Ukraine the National Bureau for Investigation of Aviation Incidents and Incidents with Civil Aircraft; 3. eliminate duplication of powers of public administration entities in this area.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 on airline industry and strategic plan for its recovery with special reference to data analytics technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 033-046
Author(s):  
Rajee Olaganathan
Keyword(s):  
Airline Industry ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Passenger Traffic ◽  
The Status ◽  
Airline Recovery ◽  
The Impact

This paper discusses the status quo of the airline industry around the world facing the COVID-19 pandemic situation. The purpose of the first part of this study was to assess the impact of COVID-19 on global air traffic, airline revenues by region of operation, number of international passengers by region, and the number of domestic passenger traffic by route group. The data for this study was collected from January 2019 to December 2020 from the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) database. The research strategy of the second part of this study is based on PEST analysis which is applied to evaluate the current situation of the airline industry. Based on the findings, this paper suggests strategies and recommendations for the airline industry to adapt to the pandemic situation based on technology aspects more specifically related to data analytics with a multi-step approach for COVID-19 Airline Recovery Plan. The results and recommendations of this research study will provide valuable information to the aviation industry for its preparedness for the Post-COVID-19 era.

scholarly journals Safety Management System in Croatia Control Ltd.

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-284
Author(s):  
Stanislav Pavlin ◽  
Vedran Sorić ◽  
Dragan Bilać ◽  
Igor Dimnik ◽  
Daniel Galić
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Management System ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
International Civil Aviation Organization ◽  
Safety Management System ◽  
Navigation Service

International Civil Aviation Organization and other international aviation organizations regulate the safety in civil aviation. In the recent years the International Civil Aviation Organization has introduced the concept of the safety management system through several documents among which the most important is the 2006 Safety Management Manual. It treats the safety management system in all the segments of civil aviation, from carriers, aerodromes and air traffic control to design, construction and maintenance of aircraft, aerodromes, those who produce instruments, equipment and parts for the needs of civil aviation and others. This paper presents and partly deals with the documents from the safety management system domain and the system implementation in Croatia with special focus on the Croatia air navigation service provider, Croatia Control Ltd. KEY WORDS: safety management system, safety, air traffic control

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