scholarly journals Influence of Species Composition and Management on Biomass Production in Missouri

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Ranjith P. Udawatta ◽  
Clark J. Gantzer ◽  
Timothy M. Reinbott ◽  
Ray L. Wright ◽  
Robert A. Pierce Robert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Biofuel Crops ◽  
Species Mixture ◽  
Biomass Yields ◽  
Yield Difference ◽  
Harvest Data ◽  
Specific Species ◽  
Cutting Height

Perennial biofuel crops help to reduce both dependence on fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions while utilizing nutrients more efficiently compared to annual crops. In addition, perennial crops grown for biofuels have the potential to produce high biomass yields, are capable of increased carbon sequestration, and are beneficial for reducing soil erosion. Various monocultures and mixtures of perennial grasses and forbs can be established to achieve these benefits. The objective of this study was to quantify the effects of feedstock mixture and cutting height on yields. The base feedstock treatments included a monoculture of switchgrass (SG) and a switchgrass:big bluestem 1:1 mixture (SGBBS). Other treatments included mixtures of the base feedstock with ratios of base to native forbs plus legumes of 100:0, 80:20, 60:40, and 20:80. The study was established in 2008. Biomass crops typically require 2 to 3 years to produce a uniform stand. Therefore, harvest data were collected from July 2010 to July 2013. Three harvest times were selected to represent (1) biomass for biofuel (March), (2) forage (July), and (3) forage and biomass (October). Annual mean yields varied between 4.97 Mg ha−1 in 2010 to 5.56 Mg ha−1 in 2011. However, the lowest yield of 2.82 Mg ha−1 in March and the highest yield of 7.18 Mg ha−1 in July were harvested in 2013. The mean yield was 5.21 Mg ha−1 during the 4 year study. The effect of species mixture was not significant on yield. The cutting height was significant (p < 0.001), with greater yield for the 15 cm compared to the 30 cm cutting height. Yield differences were larger between harvest times during the early phase of the study. Yield difference within a harvest time was not significant for 3 of the 10 harvests. Future studies should examine changes in biomass production for mixture composition with time for selection of optimal regional specific species mixtures.

The Effect of Cutting Height of Senna singueana (Del.) Lock. In Mixed Intercropping System on Foliage Biomass Production and Maize Yield in Morogoro, Tanzania

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-328
Author(s):  
J.B. Nduwayezu . ◽  
L.L.L. Lulandala . ◽  
S.A.O Chamshama . ◽  
A.G. Mugasha .
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Cutting Height ◽  
Lock In

Biomass production from neglected and underutilized tall perennial grasses on marginal lands in India: a brief review

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kripal Singh ◽  
Ashutosh Awasthi ◽  
Suresh Kumar Sharma ◽  
Shweta Singh ◽  
Shri Krishna Tewari
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Marginal Lands

scholarly journals Genotype-Environment Interaction: Trade-Offs between the Agronomic Performance and Stability of Dual-Purpose Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) Genotypes in Senegal

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malick Ndiaye ◽  
Myriam Adam ◽  
Komla Kyky Ganyo ◽  
Aliou Guissé ◽  
Ndiaga Cissé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Biomass Yields ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Introducing sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) genotypes into new environments is necessary for expanding the production of food and fuel, but these efforts are complicated by significant genotype × environment interactions that can reduce their effectiveness. This study set out to thoroughly analyze genotype × environment interactions and assess trade-offs between the agronomic performance and the stability of grain and biomass yields of ten contrasting genotypes under Sudano-Sahelian conditions. Experiments were carried out in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. They were conducted from 2013 to 2016 in Bambey, Sinthiou Malem and Nioro du Rip in Senegal. The joint analysis of variance revealed a highly significant effect (p < 0.0001) of genotypes (G), environments (E) and G × E interaction. Most genotypes showed specific adaptations. The best grain yields were obtained by the Nieleni and Fadda hybrids, while the improved varieties IS15401 and SK5912 were best for biomass production. An Additive Main effect and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) analysis showed that good grain yields were associated with environments having good soil fertility and good rainfall, while biomass yields were more influenced by the sowing date and rainfall. Similarly, we were able to confirm for our 10 sorghum genotypes that yield stability was generally associated with low performance, except for the Nieleni and Fadda hybrids, which performed well for grain and biomass production regardless of the environment. The Senegalese control genotype, 621B, showed particular susceptibility to growing conditions (soil), but remained very productive (more than 3 tons per hectare) under good agro-pedological conditions. These results lead us to recommend the Fadda and Nieleni hybrids for the entire study region, while 621B can also be recommended, but only for highly specific environments with good soils.

scholarly journals Assembly and seasonality of core phyllosphere microbiota on perennial biofuel crops

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keara L. Grady ◽  
Jackson W. Sorensen ◽  
Nejc Stopnisek ◽  
John Guittar ◽  
Ashley Shade
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Miscanthus X Giganteus ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Biofuel Crops ◽  
Ecological Filtering

Abstract Perennial grasses are promising feedstocks for biofuel production, with potential for leveraging their native microbiomes to increase their productivity and resilience to environmental stress. Here, we characterize the 16S rRNA gene diversity and seasonal assembly of bacterial and archaeal microbiomes of two perennial cellulosic feedstocks, switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and miscanthus (Miscanthus x giganteus). We sample leaves and soil every three weeks from pre-emergence through senescence for two consecutive switchgrass growing seasons and one miscanthus season, and identify core leaf taxa based on occupancy. Virtually all leaf taxa are also detected in soil; source-sink modeling shows non-random, ecological filtering by the leaf, suggesting that soil is an important reservoir of phyllosphere diversity. Core leaf taxa include early, mid, and late season groups that were consistent across years and crops. This consistency in leaf microbiome dynamics and core members is promising for microbiome manipulation or management to support crop production.

scholarly journals Analysis of the optimum pH and salinity conditions for the cultivation and biomass production of Chlorella vulgaris from cassava waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-178
Author(s):  
Uchenna Nwanodi Nwankwo ◽  
Obioma Kenechukwu Agwa
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Minimal Growth ◽  
Transportation Fuels ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Cassava Waste

Biofuel serves as an alternative energy to the common fossil fuels currently in use globally and are drawing increasing attention worldwide as substitutes for petroleum-derived transportation fuels to help address challenges associated with petroleum derived fuels. Third generation biofuels, also termed advanced biofuels, are produced from fast growing microalgae and are potential replacements for conventional fuels. The growth and biomass production of these microalgae is dependent on the conditions they are cultivated such as pH and Salinity. Cassava waste mixtures were cultivated on Chlorella vulgaris stock culture at different concentration ratio at ambient temperature, natural light and dark conditions at 670nm absorbance for 14 days. Optimum growth was obtained at 160:40 for cassava peel water to cassava waste water CP:CW. pH variations 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, 8.0, 8.5 and 9.0 were checked to determine the optimum pH for the growth and biomass production of Chlorella vulgaris on the optimum cassava waste mixture concentration. It revealed that at pH 6.5, optimal growth and biomass production was achieved, minimal growth was observed at pH 8.0 while minimal biomass was produced at pH 9.0. Salinity variations of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 mg/l were used to determine the growth response and biomass production of Chlorella vulgaris. It revealed that salinity variation at 10ppm will be necessary for highest growth on the cassava waste as well as in biomass production. The use of optimal pH and salinity can significantly increase biomass production thus enhancing biofuel production.

scholarly journals Intimately Coupling Photocatalytic Optical Fibers and Biofilm for Rapid and Sustainable Degradation of 4-Chlorophenol

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jilin Yuan ◽  
Linyang Li ◽  
Chuanbao Xiao ◽  
Nianbing Zhong ◽  
Dengjie Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Scenedesmus Obliquus ◽  
Wastewater Remediation ◽  
Microalgal Biomass ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
H 41

Abstract The need for wastewater treatment is progressively rising as the release of copious amounts of industrial wastewater is increasing. Likewise, there is an urgent requirement for renewable energy sources because of the growing energy demand and depletion of fossil fuels. The use of microalgae to convert toxic phenolic wastewater to lipid-enriched biofuel has recently been proposed. Here, we report a new strategy for coupling N-doped TiO2-coated photocatalytic optical fibers and a microalgal biofilm to degrade 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) and produce biomass. In the combined photocatalysis and biodegradation system, the photocatalytic products were directly biodegraded by the heterotroph-enriched (Salinarimonas and Pseudomonas) biofilm, promoting biomass production; O2 produced by the phototrophs (Scenedesmus obliquus) promoted the generation of hydroxyl free radicals using N-doped TiO2. Thus, the combined photocatalysis and biodegradation system rapidly and sustainably degraded 4-CP while maintaining the growth of the microalgal biomass. The 4-CP removal, dechlorination, and biofilm growth rates reached ~78 µM/h, ~41 µM/h, and 1.8 g/h/m2, respectively. Overall, we present a useful synergy between an optical catalyst and a bioreactor that has implications for both wastewater remediation and sustainable microalgal biomass production.

Long-term variability of root production in bioenergy crops from ingrowth core measurements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheyenne Lei ◽  
Michael Abraha ◽  
Jiquan Chen ◽  
Yahn-Jauh Su
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Growing Season Length ◽  
Ingrowth Core ◽  
Biofuel Crops

Abstract Aims Long-term determination of root biomass production upon land use conversion to biofuel crops is rare. To assess land-use legacy influences on belowground biomass accumulation, we converted 22-year-old Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) grasslands and 50+-year-old agricultural (AGR) lands to corn (C), switchgrass (Sw) and restored prairie (Pr) biofuel crops. We maintained one CRP grassland as a reference (Ref). We hypothesized that land use history and crop type have significant effects on root density, with perennial crops on CRP grasslands having a higher root biomass productivity, while corn grown on former agricultural lands produce the lowest root biomass. Methods The ingrowth core method was used to determine in situ ingrowth root biomass, alongside measurements of aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP). Ancillary measurements, including air temperature, growing season length, and precipitation were used to examine their influences on root biomass production. Important Findings Root biomass productivity was the highest in unconverted CRP grassland (1716 g m -2 yr -1), and lowest in corn fields (526 g m -2 yr -1). All perennial sites converted from CRP and AGR lands had lower root biomass and ANPP in the first year of planting but peaked in 2011 for switchgrass and a year later for restored prairies. Ecosystem stability was higher in restored prairies (AGR-Pr: 4.3 ± 0.11; CRP-Pr: 4.1 ± 0.10), with all monocultures exhibiting a lower stability. Root biomass production was positively related to ANPP (R  2 = 0.40). Overall, attention should be given to root biomass accumulation in large-scale biofuel production as it is a major source of carbon sequestration.

Summer warming effects on biomass production and clonal growth of Leymus chinensis

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Feng Wang ◽  
Song Gao ◽  
Ji-Xiang Lin ◽  
Yong-Guang Mu ◽  
Chun-Sheng Mu
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Clonal Growth ◽  
Belowground Biomass ◽  
Growth Strategy ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Leymus Chinensis ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Summer Warming ◽  
Rhizome Buds

Understanding how the biomass production and clone growth of perennial grasses respond to summer warming is crucial for understanding how grassland productivity responds to global warming. Here, we experimentally investigated the effects of summer warming on the biomass production and clonal growth of potted Leymus chinensis in a phytotron. Summer warming significantly decreased the biomass of both parent and daughter shoots, slightly increased the belowground biomass, and lead to a significant increase in root : shoot ratio. Warming significantly increased the total belowground bud number and decreased the daughter shoot number. Importantly, the proportions of each type of bud changed; vertical apical rhizome buds decreased, while horizontal rhizome buds increased in number. The change in proportions of each type of bud is closely related to the decrease in daughter shoot number, rhizome number and length, as well as the decrease in aboveground biomass and increase in belowground biomass. These results indicate that, as a rhizomatous, perennial grass, L. chinensis adopts a selective growth strategy that reduces the energy allocated to aboveground growth and emphasises the development of belowground organs. The implication is that continued summer warming, will further reduce the aboveground biomass production of temperate grasslands dominated by rhizomatous, perennial grasses. Inevitably, species that depend on these grasses for forage will suffer should global climate warming continue.

Managing competitive interactions to promote regeneration of native perennial grasses in semi-arid south-eastern Australia

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Ronald B. Hacker ◽  
Ian D. Toole ◽  
Gavin J. Melville ◽  
Yohannes Alemseged ◽  
Warren J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Reduction ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Native Perennial Grass

Treatments to reduce available soil nitrogen and achieve specified levels of weed control were evaluated for their capacity to promote regeneration of native perennial grasses in a degraded semi-arid woodland in central-western New South Wales. Treatments were factorial combinations of nitrogen-reduction levels and weed-control levels. The four levels of nitrogen reduction were no intervention, and oversowing of an unfertilised summer crop, an unfertilised winter crop or an unfertilised perennial grass. The three weed-control levels were defined by the outcome sought rather than the chemical applied and were nil, control of annual legumes and control of all annual species (AA). Regeneration of perennial grasses, predominantly Enteropogon acicularis, was promoted most rapidly by the AA level of weed control with no introduction of sown species. Sown species negated the benefits of weed control and limited but did not prevent the regeneration of native perennials. Sown species also contributed substantially to biomass production, which was otherwise severely limited under the AA level of weed control, and they were effective in reducing soil nitrogen availability. Sown species in combination with appropriate herbicide use can therefore maintain or increase available forage in the short–medium term, permit a low rate of native perennial grass recruitment, and condition the system (by reducing soil mineral nitrogen) for more rapid regeneration of native perennials should annual sowings be discontinued or a sown grass fail to persist. Soil nitrate was reduced roughly in proportion to biomass production. High levels of soil nitrate did not inhibit native perennial grass regeneration when biomass was suppressed by AA weed control, and may be beneficial for pastoral production, but could also render sites more susceptible to future invasion of exotic annuals. The need for astute grazing management of the restored grassland is thus emphasised. This study was conducted on a site that supported a remnant population of perennial grasses. Use of the nitrogen-reduction techniques described may not be appropriate on sites where very few perennial grass plants remain.

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