scholarly journals Effects of Thickness of Solid Media, Ventilation Rate, and Chamber Volume on Ammonia Emission from Liquid Fertilizers Using Dynamic Chamber-Capture System (DCS)

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Suk Kim ◽  
Jeong-Gyu Kim
Keyword(s):  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Ammoniacal Nitrogen ◽  
Liquid Fertilizer ◽  
Chamber Volume ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
And Control ◽  
Tunnel System

This study was conducted with the aim of improving the dynamic camber-capture system, which estimates ammonia emissions during the application of liquid fertilizer from livestock manure. We focused on the volume of the chamber and headspace, the height of the solid media, the flow rate of the pump, and the ventilation rate. Total ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3 + NH4+) is an important factor affecting ammonia volatilization. Even though the characteristics of liquid fertilizer were changed, the effect of total ammoniacal nitrogen on ammonia volatilization remained the largest. Increasing the thickness of solid media inside the chamber has the effect of reducing ammonia emission by reducing the contact area between liquid fertilizer and air. Although it is very difficult to measure and control the wind velocity in a chamber using a general vacuum pump, it can be indirectly evaluated through the ventilation rate in the macroscopic aspect. The higher the ventilation rate, the faster the flow of air in the chamber, which is linear with the increase in ammonia emission flux. We find that it may be necessary to improve the steady wind velocity within the chamber and of the linkages to upscale the wind tunnel system.

scholarly journals Using Soil Water to Control Ammonia Emission from Acid Soils with and Without Chicken Litter Biochar

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Maru Ali ◽  
Ahmed Osumanu Haruna ◽  
Nik Muhamad Abd Majid ◽  
Walter Charles Primus ◽  
Nathaniel Maikol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Urea Hydrolysis ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Ammonia Loss ◽  
Chicken Litter

Although urea use in agriculture is on the increase, increase in pH at soil microsite due to urea hydrolysis which causes ammonia emission can reduce N use efficiency. Among the interventions used to mitigate ammonia loss include urease inhibitors, clinoptilolite zeolite, coated urea, and biochar but with little attention to the use of soil water levels to control ammonia volatilization. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of soil water levels on ammonia volatilization from soils with and without chicken litter biochar. Dry soils with and without chicken litter biochar were subjected to 0%, 25% 50%, 75%, 100%, and 125% soil water. There was no urea hydrolysis in the soil without water. Chicken litter biochar as soil amendment effectively mitigated ammonia loss at 1% to 32% and 80% to 115% field capacity. However, urea used on soil only showed lower ammonia loss at 33% to 79% and 116% to 125% field capacity compared with the soils with chicken litter biochar. At 50% field capacity ammonia loss was high in soils with and without chicken litter biochar. Although chicken litter biochar is reputed for improving soil chemical properties, water levels in this present study affected soil chemical properties differently. Fifty percent field capacity, significantly reduced soil chemical properties. These findings suggest that timely application of urea at the right field capacity can mitigate ammonia emission. Therefore, whether soils are amended with or without chicken litter biochar, urea application should be avoided at 50% field capacity especially in irrigated crops.

scholarly journals Investigation and Control Technology on Excessive Ammonia-Slipping in Coal-Fired Plants

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 4249
Author(s):  
Xuan Yao ◽  
Man Zhang ◽  
Hao Kong ◽  
Junfu Lyu ◽  
Hairui Yang
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Flue Gas Desulfurization ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Dust Collector ◽  
Neural Network Algorithm ◽  
Injection Technology ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

After the implementation of the ultra-low emissions regulation on the coal-fired power plants in China, the problem of the excessive ammonia-slipping from selective catalytic reduction (SCR) seems to be more severe. This paper analyzes the operating statistics of the coal-fired plants including 300 MW/600 MW/1000-MW units. Statistics data show that the phenomenon of the excessive ammonia-slipping is widespread. The average excessive rate is over 110%, while in the small units the value is even higher. A field test data of nine power plants showed that excessive ammonia-slipping at the outlet of SCR decreased following the flue-gas process. After most ammonia reduced by the dust collector and the wet flue-gas desulfurization (FGD), the ammonia emission at the stack was extremely low. At same time, a method based on probability distribution is proposed in this paper to describe the relationship between the NH3/NOX distribution deviation and the De–NOX efficiency/ammonia-slipping. This paper also did some original work to solve the ammonia-slipping problem. A real-time self-feedback ammonia injection technology using neural network algorithm to predict and moderate the ammonia distribution is proposed to decrease the NH3/NOX deviation and excessive ammonia-slipping. The technology is demonstrated in a 600-MW unit and works successfully. The excessive ammonia-slipping problem is well controlled after the implementation of the technology.

Ammonia emission from slurry applied to wheat stubble and rape in North Germany

1991 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-G. Bless ◽  
R. Beinhauer ◽  
B. Sattelmacher
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Rainy Period ◽  
Warm Weather ◽  
Wheat Stubble ◽  
North Germany ◽  
Liquid Slurry ◽  
Ammonia Flux

SUMMARYIn 1989 three experiments with up to three different treatments each were carried out in North Germany to determine the ammonia flux densities after the application of liquid slurry using the micrometeorological mass balance method.In Expts 1 and 2, pig slurry was applied with a conventional surface spreader to wheat stubble. The results demonstrated the influence of meteorological conditions and that of incorporation on the extent of ammonia volatilization. In comparison to warm and windy conditions, NH3 losses decreased from 56% of the NH4-N applied to wheat stubble to 42% during a cool and rainy period. When slurry was incorporated immediately into the soil, ammonia losses were significantly reduced to 20 and 10%, respectively, of the applied NH4-N. The highest losses (67% NH4-N) were found when slurry was applied during warm weather on wheat stubble covered with chopped straw. Soil cultivation of the wheat stubble before the application of slurry diminished the ammonia emission from 42 to 28% of the NH4-N.In Expt 3, cattle slurry was applied to rape. It was found that compared with a conventional surface spreader the ammonia volatilization was reduced from 68 to 58% of the NH4-N when an alternative distribution system consisting of drag hoses was used for the application.

New tunnel system to eliminate sanitary sewer overflows and control combined sewer overflows in Hartford, Connecticut

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Nasri ◽  
C. E. Haynes
Keyword(s):  
Tunnel Boring Machine ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Sanitary Sewer ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Final Design ◽  
Deep Rock ◽  
Sewer Overflows ◽  
Rock Tunnel ◽  
And Control ◽  
Tunnel System

The South Hartford Conveyance and Storage Tunnel is a major component of Hartford Metropolitan District's Clean Water Project. It is intended to capture and store combined sewer overflows from the southern portion of Hartford, CT, and sanitary sewer overflows from West Hartford and Newington, CT. The project is estimated to cost approximately $US500 M and will be constructed under multiple construction contracts. The project components include a deep rock tunnel 6.6 km long and 7.6 m excavated diameter, several kilometers of consolidation sewers, multiple hydraulic drop shafts with deaeration chambers and a 100 MLD pumping station for tunnel dewatering. The tunnel boring machine-bored tunnel will be excavated in shale, siltstone and basalt through several fault zones. An AECOM led team is currently performing the final design for the project.

scholarly journals Monitoring of Ammoniacal Nitrogen and Phosphate in the Leachates When Diluted Palm Oil Mill Effluent was Used as a Fertilizer

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Iylia Salleh ◽  
Tze-Pei Phan ◽  
Seng Lau ◽  
Chee-Bee Yeoh ◽  
Meng-Guan Tay
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Ammoniacal Nitrogen ◽  
Leaching Rate ◽  
Liquid Fertilizer ◽  
Ground Water Pollution ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

Palm oil mill effluent (POME) contains a high amount of nutrients and organic matter; therefore, it has been considered as an alternative liquid fertilizer (LF). However, the studies on the reuse of POME as fertilizer have been mostly limited to nutrients absorption but the leachates were neglected. Such approach caused potential impacts on ground water pollution. Thus, this research aimed to compare the leachabilities of ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) and phosphate (PO43-), as well as the growth rates of oil palm seedlings in three different watering conditions. Six oil palm seedlings were watered with either POME, LF or tap water. The leachates from each seedling pot were collected weekly and analyzed for their NH3-N and PO43- concentrations. The pots which were watered with tap water showed the highest leaching rate of 0.0251 mg.L-1.week-1 for NH3-N and 0.0392 mg.L-1.week-1 for PO43-. The average concentrations of NH3-N in the leachates from the POME, LF and tap water potswere 0.45, 0.38 and 0.36 mg/L, respectively, whereas for PO43-, the average concentrations were 1.09 (POME), 0.96 (LF) and 0.66 (tap water) mg/L. The quickest plant growth rates were recorded in tap water (0.56 cm/day), followed by LF (0.51 cm/day) and POME (0.42 cm/day).

scholarly journals An environmentally friendly soil improvement technology for sand and dust storms control

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sareh Rajabi Agereh ◽  
Farshad Kiani ◽  
Kazem Khavazi ◽  
Hassan Rouhipour ◽  
Farhad Khormali
Keyword(s):  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Soil Particles ◽  
And Control

Background: Dust storms occur when unchecked, strong, or turbulent winds combine with exposed loose and dried soil surfaces. Sand and dust storms have a significant impact on society, economy, and environment at local, regional, and global levels. The environmental and health hazards of such storms cannot be permanently reduced, however, by taking appropriate measures, its impact can be reduced. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of microbial precipitation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) as a biocompatible agent on soil stabilization and control of dust storms using ureaseproducing bacteria (UPB) as a biological improvement technique, which were isolated, identified, sprayed on the soil surface. Methods: For this purpose, the erosion of bio-cemented soil samples was investigated experimentally in a wind tunnel under the condition of wind velocity of 0 to 98 km.h-1 in two soil types with sandy and silty texture in a completely randomized design with three replicates. Results: The investigation of the threshold wind velocity of soil particles showed that soil particles began to move at velocity of 8 and 10 km.h-1 in silty and sandy soils, respectively, but in all biological samples (MICP), particles did not move until the wind speed reached 97 km.h-1. It was also revealed that the weight loss of all MICP-treated samples at different wind velocities was significantly reduced compared to the control group. Differences in the amount of soil loss among bio-cemented samples and control treatments were even superior at higher velocities, so that at velocities more than 57 km.h-1, soil losses increased significantly in the control group, while in soils treated with bacteria, soil loss was very low (about 2.5 kg.m-2.h-1). Comparison of the bacteria used in this study also showed that Bacillus infantis and Paenibacillus sp3 had high efficiency in controlling dust storms. Conclusion: The formation of abrasion-resistant surface layers on soil samples treated by biocementation showed that cementation by biological methods could be an effective way to stabilize surface particles and control sand and dust storms.

scholarly journals Winter Annual Rye Seeding Date Influence on Nitrogen Recovery and Ammonia Volatilization from Late Fall Surface-Applied Manure

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Akbari ◽  
Stephen Herbert ◽  
Masoud Hashemi ◽  
Allen Barker ◽  
Omid Reza Zandvakili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crop ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Late Fall ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Forage Rape ◽  
Fall Application

Dairy farmers in the northeast face challenges in the application of manure in fall and on-time planting of cool-season grasses to maximize recovery of residual N and nutrients released from fall applied manure. Ammonia emission from animal manure is a serious environmental concern and can be reduced if cover crop is integrated in the farming system. On-time planting of cover crops can reduce ammonia volatilization from fall, surface-applied manure, and prevents N loss to leaching. A two-year study was conducted in 2015 and 2016 to investigate if time of planting of winter annual rye (Secale cereale L.) along with late fall application of manure when air temperature is low can influence ammonia emission and preserve nitrogen (N) to meet the N requirement of forage rape. Three planting dates (16 September, 30 September, and 14 October) of rye cover crop with two manure application treatments including late-fall application and no manure were assessed for mitigating ammonia volatilization, and also yield and recovery of N by forage rape (Brassica napus L.). The highest rates of ammonia volatilization were detected in the first 24 hours after manure spreading regardless of the treatment. The result indicated that cover crop use significantly limited volatilization compared with no cover crop. The earliest planting date produced 3823 kg ha−1 dry matter of winter rye cover crop that was 16 and 35 percent higher than second and third dates of planting, respectively. The manured cover crop accumulated 132 kg N ha−1 when planted early. However, biomass yield of forage rape was more when planted after all cover crop treatments with manure application. Prior to forage planting, the nitrate-N content in all three soil depths (0–20, 20–40, and 40–60 cm) in the plots with manure was higher than plots with no manure. No significant differences in forage rape yield was detected among winter rye planting dates; however, forage rape planted after winter rye was higher than after no-cover crop. The results of this study suggest that when immediate incorporation of manure into soil is not feasible, establishing cover crop early and then applying manure in the late fall, is a practical management to limit nonpoint source pollution from ammonia loss.

scholarly journals Utilization of Water Hyacinth As Acquired Biogas, Liquid Fertilizer And Control Its Spread

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Agus Hadiyarto ◽  
Alfiyanti Alfiyanti ◽  
Deo Reynaldo Alwi ◽  
Indra Riadi ◽  
Istiana Norita Rahma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Potential Reduction ◽  
Liquid Fertilizer ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACTCalombo hamlet, Semarang Regency has a population of 1,125 peoples, live at coast side of Rawapening Lake. Much of the water hyacinth covered Rawapening Lake thus decreasing fisheries production. The growth of water hyacinth has been decreased by using it as craft materials and compost, but not optimally. Need other efforts to reduce the density for example convert or utilize water hyacinth for biogas and liquid fertilizer. The objectives of the programs are approach the society by socializing about the benefits of water hyacinth convert to biogas and liquid fertilizer, to train skilled of people to build a biogas unit. The result of this programs makes a biogas unit MERCEDES (Mesophilic Reactor Anaerobic Digestion) which produces biogas and liquid fertilizer. The economic potential is obtained if all households apply them (equivalent with energy) about IDR 17.112 million per year, a liquid fertilizer about IDR 200.000 per household per day, the environmental potential reduction of water hyacinth growth about 6-15% per year, providing knowledge to the community to build a biogas unit and Mr. Musyafa has been utilize the biogas and fertilizer and have formed the structure of the organization  to manage and develop the biogas unit for sustainability the program.Keywords: biogas, liquid fertilizer, calombo hamlet, water hyacinth, rawapening lake.Citation: Hadiyarto, A., Alfiyanti, Alwi, D.R., Riadi, I., Rahma, I.N., Putra, N.H.A.(2018). Utilization of Water Hyacinth As Acquired Biogas, Liquid Fertilizer And Control Its Spread, Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 16(1), 58-60, doi:10.14710/jil.16.1.58-60

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document