scholarly journals Possibility of Limiting Mineral Fertilization in Potato Cultivation by Using Bio-fertilizer and Its Influence on Protein Content in Potato Tubers

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 442
Author(s):  
Dorota Wichrowska ◽  
Małgorzata Szczepanek

Potato protein is a valuable source of essential plant-derived amino acids, the composition of which is similar to that of chicken egg protein considering the amino acid reference. Many factors used in potato cultivation can modify its composition. The use of bio-fertilizers in potato growing offers a possibility of a better use of minerals from soil and organic sources and reducing the need for mineral fertilizers by activating minerals present in soil. The effect can be to improve not only the potato tuber yield but also the nutritional value. The aim of this study has been to determine the hanges in the content of crude protein and the composition of amino acids in potato tubers, depending on the application of the bio-fertilizer (UGmax), organic fertilizers (pea as a catch crop, straw, and farmyard manure (FYM)) as well as mineral fertilization (100% and 50% of the reference rate). The application of bio-fertilizer significantly increased the content of essential and non-essential amino acids in potato tuber protein. With the half-decreased mineral fertilization rate, bio-fertilizer most effectively increased the content of tyrosine, methionine, asparagine in potato tuber protein in the treatments with FYM or with a catch crop as well as without organic fertilization.

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
Н.Т. Чеботарев ◽  
Н.Н. Шергина

Пахотные угодья Республики Коми в основном представлены дерново-подзолистыми почвами с низким естественным плодородием, которые без применения удобрений быстро подвергаются деградационным процессам, что резко снижает их продуктивность. Цель исследований: оценка эффективности долговременного применения органических и минеральных удобрений при выращивании картофеля в кормовом севообороте в условиях Республики Коми. Методической основой выполнения работ были комплексные исследования дерново-подзолистых почв, клубней картофеля на участках многолетнего полевого эксперимента, заложенного на землях Института агробиотехнологий ФИЦ Коми НЦ УрО РАН в соответствии с «Методическими указаниями географической сети опытов с удобрениями». Длительный период исследований (более 40 лет) характеризовался различными климатическими условиями, которые отразились на количестве урожая и качестве клубней картофеля. Было проведено 7 ротаций (14 лет) с выращиванием картофеля. Вносили органические удобрения – торфонавозный компост (ТНК) в дозах 40 и 80 т/га (1 и 2 фон, соответственно) под картофель и минеральные удобрения – NPК в дозах 1/3; 1/2 и 1 для восполнения выноса растениями элементов питания. Установлено положительное влияние комплексного применения органических и минеральных удобрений на урожайность и качество картофеля, а также на плодородие дерново-подзолистой легкосуглинистой среднеокультуренной почвы в кормовом севообороте в почвенно-климатических условиях Республики Коми. В результате применения шестипольного севооборота и комплексного внесения удобрений с 1978 года к 2019 году в почвах снизилась обменная и гидролитическая кислотность; повысилось содержание гумуса на 0,5% (в контроле); на 0,2–0,5% (с тремя дозами минеральных удобрений); на 0,3–1,1% (с ТНК); на 0,2–1,6% (при совместном применении органических и минеральных удобрений). Наибольшие урожаи картофеля получены при совместном применении органических (80 т/га) и минеральных удобрений (1 NPК) и составили 37,1 т/га клубней (8,5 тыс/га кормовых единиц). При таком соотношении удобрений показано высокое качество клубней картофеля: содержание крахмала 15,5%, витамина С – 19,4 мг%, сырого протеина – 14,1%. Количество нитратного азота не превышало ПДК (ПДК 250 мг.с.м.). Экономические расчеты показали, что при внесении ТНК 40 т/га + 1 NPК в дерново-подзолистые почвы с.-х. использования в среднетаежной зоне Республики Коми при выращивании картофеля, условный чистый доход составит 68,4 тыс. р. с 1 га, себестоимость 1 т картофеля – 2,8 тыс. р., рентабельность 188,7%. The arable land of the Republic of Komi is mainly represented by dern-sub-ground soils with low natural fertility, which without the use of fertilizers are quickly subjected to degradation processes, which dramatically reduces their productivity. The aim of the research is to evaluate the efficiency of long-term use of organic and mineral fertilizers in the growing of potatoes in feed crop rotation in the conditions of the Komi Republic. The methodological basis for carrying out the works was comprehensive studies of dern-subhead soils, potato tubers on the sites of a multi-year field experiment laid on the lands of the Institute of Agrobiotechnology of the FRC Komi SC UB RAS in accordance with the «Methodological Instructions of the Geographical Network of Experiments with Fertilizers». A long period of research (more than 40 years) was characterized by different climatic conditions, which affected the number of crops and the quality of potato tubers. There were 7 rotations (14 years) with potato cultivation. Organic fertilizers – peat-avous compost (TNK) in doses of 40 and 80 t/ha (1 and 2 background, respectively) for potatoes and mineral fertilizers – NPK in doses of 1/3; 1/2 and 1 to replenish the carry-out of food elements by plants. The positive effect of the integrated use of organic and mineral fertilizers on the yield and quality of potatoes, as well as on the fertility of soddy-podzolic light loamy medium cultivated soil in fodder crop rotation in the soil and climatic conditions of the Komi Republic, has been established. As a result of the use of six-bed crop rotation and the integrated application of fertilizers, metabolic and hydrolytic acidity decreased in soils from 1978 to 2019; humus content increased by 0.5% (in control); 0.2–0.5% (with three doses of mineral fertilizers); 0.3–1.1% (with TNCs); 0.2–1.6% (with combined use of organic and mineral fertilizers). The largest potato yields were obtained from the combined use of organic (80 t/ha) and mineral fertilizers (1 NPK) and amounted to 37.1 t/ha tubers (8.5 thousand/ha feed units). The largest potato harvests were obtained with the combined use of organic (80 t/ha) and mineral fertilizers (1 NPK) and amounted to 37.1 t/ha of tubers (8.5 thousand/ha of feed units). With this ratio of fertilizers, the high quality of potato tubers was also determined: the starch content was 15.5%, vitamin C – 19.4 mg%, crude protein – 14.1%. The amount of nitrate nitrogen did not exceed the MPC (MPC 250 mg.s.m.). Economic calculations showed that if TNK is added 40 t/ha 1 NPK to the dern-sub-ground soils of agricultural use in the medium-sized zone of the Komi Republic when growing potatoes, the conditional net income will be 68.4 thousand rubles from 1 ha, the cost of 1 t of potatoes – 2.8 thousand rubles, profitability 188.7%.


2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 3464-3468
Author(s):  
Alina Dora Samuel ◽  
Simona Bungau ◽  
Ilona Katalin Fodor ◽  
Delia Mirela Tit ◽  
Cristian Felix Blidar ◽  
...  

In this paper we provide new data about the soil enzyme activity as a biological process, which is an indicator for impacts of factorial combinations of lime and fertilizers applications. Five plots divided into fifteen subplots were sampled for determination of the enzymatic indicators of soil quality, based on the actual and potential dehydrogenase and catalase activities. The research revealed that limed soil samples, in comparison with unlimed ones, resulted in significantly higher soil enzymatic activities (p[0.05) in the upper (0-20 cm), while in the deeper (20-40 cm) layer, only catalase activity was significantly higher (at least at p[0.02). Mineral fertilization, in comparison with its farmyard manuring, led to an insignificant increase in each of the three enzymatic activities determined, excepting catalase activity which was significantly higher (0.05]p]0.02) in the 0-20 cm layer. Based on the absolute values of the enzymatic activities, the enzymatic indicators of soil quality (EISQ) were calculated. The mineral NPK-fertilization and low dose of lime in the 0-20 cm layer, and mineral NP-fertilization and low dose of lime in the 20-40 cm layer proved to be the best variants of fertilization. The enzymatic indicators of soil quality in these variants reached the highest values: EISQ=0.821 and EISQ=0.889, respectively, indicating the presence of high enzymatic activities. It should be emphasized that a balanced application of lime, mineral fertilizers and farmyard manure leads to the formation of favorable conditions for the development of microorganisms, growth of plants and for an intense and lasting enzymatic activity.


2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 132-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hamouz ◽  
J. Lachman ◽  
J. Čepl ◽  
P. Dvořák ◽  
V. Pivec ◽  
...  

In the years 2005 and 2006 the effect of site conditions, yellow and purple fleshed varieties and mineral fertilization on the content of total polyphenols (TP) in potato tubers was investigated. In both years significantly the highest TP content (by 5.7 to 56.3% higher than in other localities) was determined at the Stachy locality; we ascribe it to apparently lower temperatures in the vegetation period at this locality of higher altitude. In the purple flesh Valfi variety TP content higher by 74 to 141% was recorded in average of both years, in comparison to yellow flesh varieties. In the group of eight yellow flesh varieties the highest TP content was recorded in the Ditta variety; it was higher by 38, 29 and 24% in comparison with Saturna, Agria and Asterix varieties. TP content was not significantly affected by fertilization with mineral fertilizers.


2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-182
Author(s):  
Anna Płaza ◽  
Barbara Gąsiorowska ◽  
Emilia Rzążewska ◽  
Anna Cybulska ◽  
Rafał Górski

The potato tuber content of microelements is lower than that of macroelements but they are equally important. With this respect, there has been noticed a favourable effect of natural and organic manuring. The objective of the study reported here was to determine the effect of manuring with an undersown catch crop, either autumn-incorporated or left on the soil surface as mulch for spring incorporation, and production system on the potato tuber content of microelements. The study involved a field experiment, which was conducted in 2009-2012. The following two factors were examined: I − manuring with undersown catch crop: control, farmyard manure, Persian clover, Persian clover + westerwolds ryegrass, westerwolds ryegrass, Persian clover − mulch, Persian clover + westerwolds ryegrass − mulch, westerwolds ryegrass − mulch; II − production system: integrated and organic. Potato tubers were sampled to determine microelement contents. The highest iron and zinc contents were recorded in the tubers of potato manured with autumn-incorporated Persian clover whereas boron content was the highest in the tubers of potato manured with Persian clover, regardless of when it had been incorporated, as well as an autumn-incorporated Persian clover + westerwolds ryegrass mixture. Organic potatoes contained more iron and boron whereas tubers grown in the integrated production system were higher in zinc, manganese and copper. Potato manuring with undersown catch crops and farmyard manure in both the production systems studied increased the potato tuber content of microelements, excluding copper and manganese.


Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 1109-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazusato Ohshima ◽  
Kazuya Sako ◽  
Chikako Hiraishi ◽  
Akio Nakagawa ◽  
Kazutoshi Matsuo ◽  
...  

Unfamiliar necrotic symptoms on or within potato tubers of cultivars Nishiyutaka and Dejima were observed in Nagasaki prefecture, Japan, in 1992. Symptoms were typically on the surface of the tuber, which either protruded at first and then became sunken, or showed necrotic spots, with necrosis within the tubers. Symptoms sometimes appeared at harvesting but more often appeared after storage for several months. Investigations revealed that the causal agents of the disease were isolates of Potato virus Y necrotic strain (PVYNTN) and the disease was potato tuber necrotic ringspot disease (PTNRD), previously reported in Europe and Lebanon. Five potato cultivars were inoculated with an isolate from necrotic tubers. The highest percentage of progeny tubers showing PTNRD was found in cv. Nishiyutaka (23.3%). In contrast, cvs. Shima-bara, Mayqueen, and Danshaku showed a low percentage of PTNRD. Additional potato tubers with PTNRD were also observed after storage of the tubers. To investigate the relatedness between isolates of PVYNTN and of necrotic strain PVYN, previously isolated in Japan, Nishiyu-taka was inoculated with an isolate of PVYN, which also induced PTNRD. Nucleotide sequences of coat protein (CP) genes of six PVYNTN isolates were determined. The CPs were 267 amino acids in length, with a substitution of one or no amino acid among each of the six isolates. The phylogenetic relationship based on nucleotide sequences of CP genes showed that these six PVYNTN isolates clustered together with PVYN isolates. This is the first report of PTNRD caused by PVYNTN isolates in Asia.


2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sosulski Tomasz ◽  
Szara Ewa ◽  
Szymańska Magdalena ◽  
Stępień Wojciech

The paper presents the results of a laboratory experiment aimed at the assessment of N<sub>2</sub>O emissions, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup>, NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> and carbon (C) leaching from agricultural soils subjected to long-term mineral and organic fertilization. Our results show that long-term treatment impacts the N<sub>2</sub>O emissions from loamy-sand Luvisols to a greater extent than the recent single application of mineral or organic fertilizers. The N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes from soils with higher C<sub>org</sub> content that results from long-term organic fertilization exceed those from soils with lower C<sub>org</sub> content subsequent to long-term mineral fertilization. Our research confirms previous reports that the intensity of N<sub>2</sub>O emission is related to soil moisture. The NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup> leaching depended on the recent application of fertilizers with a stronger influence of single application of NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub> than farmyard manure. Long-term fertilization did not impact the NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup> leaching.  


2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zahradník ◽  
K. Petříková

Commercial brands of alternative, organic fertilizers were compared with conventional, mineral fertilizers using head cabbage. There were six different treatments: conventional farmyard manure, Agro (made from poultry bedding and molasses), Dvorecký agroferm (granulated, made from dried, aerobically-fermented farmyard manure), Agormin (an organo-mineral fertilizer), compost manufactured from plant waste material, mineral fertilizer, and an unfertilized control. All the treatments were applied at rates providing approximately the same level of nutrients. After harvest, the levels of the minerals (K, Na, Ca, and Mg), ascorbic acid, nitrates and yield were measured. There were no significant differences between the treatments in levels of K, Na and Ca in case of organic fertilizers (farmyard manure, Agro, Agormin and compost). The unfertilized control had the highest levels of ascorbic acid; it was significantly higher than in case of farmyard manure which, in turn, had significantly higher values than compost. Significant differences between the treatments were found in the levels of nitrates; the lowest in case of Dvorecký agroferm and in the control. The highest marketable yields were recorded with farmyard manure and Dvorecký agroferm, the latter being significantly higher than the control. This study shows that alternative, organic fertilizers (except compost) have similar qualities as farmyard manure.


2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bímová ◽  
R. Pokluda

In recent years, the agri-food sector and consumers have begun to look at food not only for basic nutrition, but also for health benefits. The purpose of this study was to investigate the variations in the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in head cabbage according to the used type of fertilizer. Commercial brands of alternative, organic fertilizers were compared with conventional, mineral fertilizers in culture of head cabbage. There were seven different treatments: Agormin, Agro, farmyard manure, horticultural compost, Dvorecký agroferm, mineral fertilizer, and an unfertilized control. All the treatments assured approximately the same level of nutrients. The level of TAC was measured by the FRAP assay and the effect of storage on TAC was also studied. Average value of TAC in fresh cabbage was 236 ± 60 mg GA/100 g in the year 2005 and 295 ± 27 mg GA/100 g in the year 2006. The TAC value decreased in the course of storage. The average value of TAC after a five-month period of storage was 56 ± 18 mg GA/100 g in the year 2005 and 33 ± 5 mg GA/100 g in the year 2006. This study shows that alternative, organic fertilizers have similar or even better qualities than farmyard manure and that they can contribute to the improvement of nutritional values of vegetable.


2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 640-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Colpo Gatiboni ◽  
Gustavo Brunetto ◽  
Danilo dos Santos Rheinheimer ◽  
João Kaminski ◽  
Carla Maria Pandolfo ◽  
...  

Long-standing applications of mineral fertilizers or types of organic wastes such as manure can cause phosphorus (P) accumulation and changes in the accumulated P forms in the soil. The objective of this research was to evaluate the forms of P accumulated in soils treated with mineral fertilizer or different types of manure in a long-term experiment. Soil was sampled from the 0-5 cm layer of plots fertilized with five different nutrient sources for nine years: 1) control without fertilizer; 2) mineral fertilizer at recommended rates for local conditions; 3) 5 t ha-1 year-1 of moist poultry litter; 4) 60 m³ ha-1 year-1 of liquid cattle manure and 5) 40 m³ ha-1 year-1 of liquid swine manure. The 31P-NMR spectra of soil extracts detected the following P compounds: orthophosphate, pyrophosphate, inositol phosphate, glycerophosphate, and DNA. The use of organic or mineral fertilizer over nine years did not change the soil P forms but influenced their concentration. Fertilization with mineral or organic fertilizers stimulated P accumulation in inorganic forms. Highest inositol phosphate levels were observed after fertilization with any kind of manure and highest organic P concentration in glycerophosphate form in after mineral or no fertilization.


2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 3464-3468

In this paper we provide new data about the soil enzyme activity as a biological process, which is an indicator for impacts of factorial combinations of lime and fertilizers applications. Five plots divided into fifteen subplots were sampled for determination of the enzymatic indicators of soil quality, based on the actual and potential dehydrogenase and catalase activities. The research revealed that limed soil samples, in comparison with unlimed ones, resulted in significantly higher soil enzymatic activities (p<0.05) in the upper (0-20 cm), while in the deeper (20-40 cm) layer, only catalase activity was significantly higher (at least at p<0.02). Mineral fertilization, in comparison with its farmyard manuring, led to an insignificant increase in each of the three enzymatic activities determined, excepting catalase activity which was significantly higher (0.05>p>0.02) in the 0-20 cm layer. Based on the absolute values of the enzymatic activities, the enzymatic indicators of soil quality (EISQ) were calculated. The mineral NPK-fertilization and low dose of lime in the 0-20 cm layer, and mineral NP-fertilization and low dose of lime in the 20-40 cm layer proved to be the best variants of fertilization. The enzymatic indicators of soil quality in these variants reached the highest values: EISQ=0.821 and EISQ=0.889, respectively, indicating the presence of high enzymatic activities. It should be emphasized that a balanced application of lime, mineral fertilizers and farmyard manure leads to the formation of favorable conditions for the development of microorganisms, growth of plants and for an intense and lasting enzymatic activity. Keywords: catalase, dehydrogenase, soil, fertilizers, lime


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