scholarly journals The Method and Timing of Weed Control Affect the Productivity of Intercropped Maize (Zea mays L.) and Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 380
Author(s):  
Sabine Andert
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Optimal Timing ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Herbicide Use ◽  
Mechanical Weed Control

Intercropping results in high overall system productivity on a given piece of land due to the efficient use of available plant growth resources. Weed control in intercropping systems is, however, still a challenge. This study focuses on the effect of the type of weed control (chemical/mechanical) and the timing of chemical herbicide application (pre-emergence/post-emergence) on weed control and crop productivity in a maize bean mixture. For this purpose, the results of a three-year field experiment (2017 to 2019) in northeast Germany will be presented. The experimental setup included a control, three chemical methods, and one mechanical method of weed control. Except for the mechanical treatment, a completely randomized block design was established. Weeds were assessed at BBCH 12 of the maize, immediately before the first weed control treatments to estimate the initial weed infestation, and twice in the six to eight leaf stage of the maize. The weed coverage (%) was estimated. The maize bean mixture was harvested and yields (t ha−1) were measured. The results confirm that the type of weed control, as well as the timing of herbicide application, significantly affects the weed coverage of the maize bean mixture. The most successful weed control strategy was the double chemical herbicide application, in which chemical herbicides are in used pre-emergence beans (BBCH 12 maize) and post-emergence beans (BBCH 12 bean). Weed coverage was reduced by up to 75% using this most effective herbicide strategy and by up to 61% through mechanical weed control, compared to the control. The additional effects of post-emergence treatment on the pre-emergence herbicide control resulted in a 16.5% weed coverage decline. The yield surplus of double chemical herbicide application (pre/post-emergence) was up to 53%, and for the mechanical weed control up to 23%. Additionally, post-emergence herbicide use in intercropped maize and bean resulted in a 16% yield surplus, compared to the single pre-emergence chemical weed control. Optimal timing of weed control during the most sensitive phenology stages of the maize bean mixture is crucial for productivity. The results of this study provide an additional option for suitable weed control of intercropped maize and bean.

scholarly journals Effects of early compost application on no-till organic soybean

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A.O. Penha ◽  
C.A. Khatounian ◽  
I.C.B Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Block Design ◽  
No Till ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Compost Application ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Herbicide Use ◽  
Mechanical Weed Control ◽  
Compost Manure

Weed control has always been an important issue in agriculture. With the advent of no-till systems, soil erosion was reduced but herbicide use was increased. Organic no-till systems try to adjust reduced erosion to the no use of herbicides. Nevertheless, this adjustment is limited by the cost of mechanical weed control. This cost may be reduced by improved cultural weed control with cover crops mulches. In this paper we report a study on the application of compost manure on an oats winter cover crop, preceding soybean, instead of on the soybean summer crop. Treatments comprised a control without compost manure, and compost manure doses of 4 and 8 Mg ha-1 applied either on oats in winter or soybean in summer, organized in a randomized block design, with five replications. In summer, plots were split into weed-controlled or not controlled subplots. The timing of application and the manure doses did not affect the oats biomass or the soybean performance. However, in summer, without water stress, the application of manure at 8 Mg ha-1 directly on soybean has reduced weed biomass in this crop.

Optimizing the Application Time of Pre-emergence Herbicide Pendimethalin and Oxyfluorfen Application for Effective Weed Management in Irrigated Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) and Its Residue Persistence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Selvakumar ◽  
R. Ajaykumar ◽  
A. Ammaiyappan
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Vigna Mungo ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Control Efficiency ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Weed Control Efficiency

Background: Time of pre-emergence herbicide application is an important factor that decides the efficiency of herbicide. If the pre-emergence herbicide is not applied at appropriate time, it may cause ineffective weed control or toxicity to crops. With this background, a field experiment was conducted at TNAU, Madurai to optimize the time of pre-emergence herbicides namely pendimethalin and oxyfluorfen application for effective weed management in irrigated blackgram. Methods: The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replication. Treatments were application of pendimethalin at 0.75 kg ha-1 and oxyfluorfen at 0.2 kg ha-1 on 1, 2, 3, 4 days after sowing, weed free check and unweeded check. Result: Results of the study revealed that oxyfluorfen gave maximum weed control efficiency as compared to pendimethalin, but toxicity to the crop was observed when oxyfluorfen was sprayed after 2 days of sowing. Yield and economics were achieved higher with application of 0.75 kg ha-1 of pendimethalin at 2 DAS, which was on par with application of 0.2 kg ha-1 of oxyfluorfen at 1 DAS due to lesser toxicity. Application of 0.75 kg ha-1 of pendimethalin and 0.2 kg ha-1 of oxyfluorfen didn’t leave any herbicide residue after harvest. Hence, application of 0.75 kg ha-1 of pendimethalin at 2 DAS and 0.2 kg ha-1 of oxyfluorfen at 1 DAS can be recommended for effective weed management in irrigated balckgram.

scholarly journals High Sunflower Densities as a Weed Control Strategy in an Integrated Crop-Livestock System

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. DOMINSCHEK ◽  
L. DEISS ◽  
C.R. LANG ◽  
A. MORAES ◽  
A. PELISSARI
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Environmental Protection Area ◽  
Protection Area ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Sunflower Crop ◽  
Livestock Systems

ABSTRACT: Sunflower is an important crop for Integrated Crop-livestock Systems (ILCS), and one of the main management difficulties identified in this crop is weed control, especially under no-till conditions when chemical weed control is not allowed. Therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of greater sunflower population density on weed control, and its impact on sunflower yield, in an ILCS with eucalyptus in an Environmental Protection Area. Two population densities were tested (45 and 90 thousand pl. ha-1) in two crop systems (sunflower monoculture and sunflower-eucalyptus integration). An additional treatment was provided in the sunflower-eucalyptus integration, and 5 positions (2,4; 4,8; 7,2; 9,6; and 12 m) between the tree rows were evaluated. In a randomized block design, with eight repetitions, weed density and weed dry matter were determined at 40, 70 and 100 days after crop emergence. Also, phytosociological indices were calculated. The following yield components were evaluated: head diameter, number of achenes per head, and 1000-achene weight. There was lower weed infestation on the high density treatment in both systems. There was no difference of weed occurrence in the 5 positions between the tree rows. Sunflower yield was higher in the greatest population density in both systems. Increasing population density in sunflower crop is a practicable management to control weeds and to gain higher yield under free-herbicide conditions.

EFFETS DE DIFFERENTES PRATIQUES SYLVICOLES ET DE L'INTRODUCTION DE VERS DE TERRE SUR LA STRUCTURE DU SOL EN PLANTATIONS DE FEUILLUS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 705-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. BRAIS ◽  
P. BHÉREUR ◽  
D. GAGNON ◽  
D. CODERRE
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Lumbricus Terrestris ◽  
Silvicultural Practices ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Companion Species ◽  
Mechanical Weed Control ◽  
Earthworm Lumbricus

Impacts of silvicultural practices on soil structure were evaluated in hardwood plantations. On two different sites, four treatments (mechanical weed control, herbicide weed control, seeding of nitrogen-fixing companion species and a control) were undertaken, with and without earthworm introduction, according to a complete randomized block design. Treatments had significant effects on the water stability of soil aggregates, macroporosity and bulk density. Earthworm introduction significantly increased macroporosity in control plots while decreasing it in the three other treatments. Key words: Soil structure, silvicultural practices, earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris

scholarly journals Selectivity of chemical weed control systems in conventional cotton

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 827-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.G.Z. Arantes ◽  
J. Constantin ◽  
R.S. Oliveira Jr. ◽  
G.B.P. Braz ◽  
C.A.S. Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Over The Top

Cotton is highly susceptible to the interference imposed by weed community, being therefore essential to adopt control measures ensuring the crop yield. Herbicides are the primary method of weed control in large-scale areas of production, and usually more than one herbicide application is necessary due to the extensive crop cycle. This study aimed to evaluate the selectivity of different chemical weed control systems for conventional cotton. The experiment took place in the field in a randomized block design, with twenty nine treatments and four replications in a split plot layout (adjacent double check). Results showed that triple mixtures in pre-emergence increased the chance of observing reductions in the cotton yield. To avoid reductions in crop yield, users should proceed to a maximum mixture of two herbicides in pre-emergence, followed by S-metolachlor over the top, followed by one post-emergence mixture application of pyrithiobac-sodium + trifloxysulfuron-sodium.

scholarly journals Weed control via intercropping with gliricidia: II. corn crop

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.S.L. Silva ◽  
T.M.S. Cunha ◽  
R.C. Oliveira ◽  
K.M.B. Silva ◽  
O.F. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Yield Values ◽  
Herbicide Use

A reduction in herbicide use is one of modern agriculture's main interests and several alternatives are being investigated with this objective, including intercropping. Gliricídia (Gliricidia sepium) mulch has no allelopathic effect on corn or beans but significantly decreased the population of some weed species. The objective of this study was to evaluate green ear and grain yield in corn cultivars as a response to weed control achieved via intercropping with gliricidia. A completely randomized block design with five replicates and split-plots was used. Cultivars AG 1051, AG 2060, BRS 2020, and PL 6880 (assigned to plots) were submitted to the following treatments: no hoeing, hoeing (performed at 20 and 40 days after sowing the corn), and corn intercropped with gliricidia. Gliricidia was grown in a transplanting system to ensure uniform germination and fast establishment in the field. Seeding was made in 200-cell trays with one seed per cell (35 mL volume). The plants emerged two to three days after sowing and were transplanted to a permanent site two to three days after emergence. Corn was sown on the same day gliricidia was transplanted. Sixteen weed species occurred at different frequencies, with uneven distribution in the experimental area. Cultivars AG 1051 and AG 2060 were the best with reference to most characteristics employed to evaluate green corn yield. Cultivar AG 1051 provided the highest grain yield. The highest green ear yield and grain yield values were obtained with hoeing. However, the fact that intercropped plots showed intermediate yield between the values obtained for hoed and non-hoed plots indicates that gliricidia was beneficial to corn, and exerted a certain level of weed control.

scholarly journals Penggunaan Herbisida untuk Pengendalian Gulma pada Budi Daya Kedelai Jenuh Air di Lahan Pasang Surut

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achmad Yozar Perkasa ◽  
Munif Ghulamahdi ◽  
Dwi Guntoro
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Dominance Ratio ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Tidal Swamp ◽  
Manual Weeding ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Weed is a problem on the soybean saturated culture in tidal swamp land. The objective of this study was to obtain the most effective herbicide for weed control on soybean planted under saturated culture in the tidal swamp land. Research was conducted in tidal swamp land at Banyu Urip village, Tanjung Lago districs, Banyuasin, South Sumatra Province, from July to December 2013, using a randomized block design consisted, of the eight treatments, with three replications. The treatments were: control (P0), manual weeding 4 weeks after planting (P1), paraquat 2 l/ha 4 weeks after planting (P2), glyphosate 3 l/ha 4 after planting (P3), oxyfluorfen 2 l/ha 3 days before planting (P4), oxyfluorfen 3 days before planting 2 l/ha followed application of paraquat 4 weeks after planting 2 l/ha (P5), oxyfluorfen 3 days before planting 2 l/ha followed application of glyphosate 4 weeks after planting 3 l/ha (P6), penoxulam 1 l/ha 2 weeks after planting (P7). Results showed that herbicide paraquat effectively suppressed total dry weight of weeds at 4, 6, and 8 weeks after planting. Cyperus iria was the most dominant weed in the field, with Sum Dominance Ratio 37.7%. The highest soybean productivity was 3.7 t/ha obtained from glyphosate treatment. Pre-emergence herbicide applications should be done prior to soybean planting and the post-emergence herbicide application must be done carefully by using nozzle lid to prevent toxicity to the crop plants.

scholarly journals Pengaruh perbedaan waktu turun hujan terhadap aplikasi herbisida kalium glifosat dalam mengendalikan gulma dominan kelapa sawit

Kultivasi ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denny Kurniadie ◽  
Yayan Sumekar ◽  
Subhan Nulkarim
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Effective Rainfall ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Sari. Rendahnya produktivitas kelapa sawit salah satunya disebabkan oleh adanya kompetisi tanaman dengan gulma. Pengendalian gulma dengan herbisida kalium glifosat 660 g/L sudah banyak dilakukan dan dinilai efektif. Hambatan yang terjadi yaitu terkadang turun hujan setelah aplikasi herbisida yang menyebabkan efikasi kurang efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ketahanan herbisida kalium glifosat 660 g/L akibat pencucian air hujan dalam mengendalikan gulma dominan pada tanaman kelapa sawit. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Rumah Kaca Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran Jatinangor pada bulan Februari sampai bulan April 2018. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu Rancangan Acak Kelompok yang terdiri dari 7 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah waktu turun hujan setelah aplikasi herbisida kalium glifosat 660 g/L, yang terdiri dari 0, 1, 2, 3, dan 4 jam setelah aplikasi, tanpa hujan, serta tanpa aplikasi herbisida. Perlakuan diterapkan pada 6 jenis gulma, yaitu Asystasia intrusa, Imperata cylindrica, Borreria alata, Ageratum conyzoides, Paspalum conjugatum dan Setaria plicata. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa herbisida kalium glifosat 660 g/L mampu mengendalikan 5 jenis gulma yaitu I. cylindrica, A. conyzoides,  S. plicata (persentase kerusakan masing-masing 100%); B. alata (persentase kerusakan 90 – 100%); dan P. conjugatum (persentase kerusakan 51,5 – 100%); secara efektif walaupun tercuci air hujan  antara 2 – 4 jam setelah aplikasi. Herbisida kalium glifosat 660 g/L mampu mengendalikan gulma I. cylindrica (persentase kerusakan 79,6%); B. alata, dan A. conyzoides (persentase kerusakan masing-masing 100%); dengan rentang waktu kurang dari 2 jam setelah aplikasi sebelum tercuci air hujan. Kata kunci: Kelapa Sawit, gulma dominan, Kalium glifosat 660 g/L, turun hujanAbstract. The low productivity of oil palm is caused by competition between crop with weeds. Weed control with potassium glyphosate 660 g.L-1 herbicide has been done and is considered effective. Rainfall after herbicide application can be a problem because efficacy can be less effective. This study aims to determine the effect of rainfall on effectivity of potassium glyphosate 660 g.L-1 herbicide in controlling the dominant weeds of oil palm. The study was carried out at the Ciparanje Experimental Greenhouse, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, from February to April 2018. The experimental design used Randomized Block Design, that consisted of 7 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were the time of rainfall after application of potassium glyphosate 660 g.L-1 herbicide. It consisted of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours after herbicide application, without rainfall, and without herbicide application. The treatment was applied to 6 types of weeds. There were Asystasia intrusa, Imperata cylindrica, Borreria alata, Ageratum conyzoides, Paspalum conjugatum, and Setaria plicata. The experimental results showed that potassium glyphosate 660 g.L-1  was able to control 5 types of weeds. There were I. cylindrica,  A. conyzoides, S. plicata (each percentage of damage was 100%); B. alata (90-100% damage percentage); P. conjugatum (51.5 – 100% damage percentage); was controlled in rainfall at 2 – 4 hours after herbicide application. Potassium glyphosate 660 g.L-1 herbicide controlled I. cylindrica (79.6% damage percentage); B. Alata and A. conyzoides (each percentage of damage was 100%); in rainfall at less than 2 hours after herbicide application.Keyword: Palm oil, Dominant Weed, Potasium Glyphosate, Rainfall

scholarly journals Nitrogen topdressing and application ways of fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen in weed control and agronomic performance of common bean

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 2301-2307 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATHEUS G. SILVA ◽  
ORIVALDO ARF ◽  
PAULO E. TEODORO
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Bean Yield ◽  
Leaf N Content ◽  
Leaf N

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of interaction between nitrogen topdressing and different application ways (active ingredients) a.i. fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen in weed control and agronomic performance of common bean. The experiment was conducted during winter 2003 in Selvíria/MS. The experimental design used was a randomized block design with four replications in a factorial scheme 2x7. The first factor was composed by the absence or presence of nitrogen topdressing, while the second factor consisted of different application ways of fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen. The following variables were measured: leaf N content, dry matter of plants, yield components (number of pods plant-1, number of grains plant-1, the average number of grains pod-1 and mass of 100 grains), grain yield, phytotoxicity and weed control percentage. The nitrogen topdressing with 75 kg ha-1provided higher dry matter of plants, higher weed control and higher common bean yield of irrigated winter. In the absence of nitrogen topdressing in the application of urea before or together to fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen increased their effectiveness in controlling weeds without interference in the agronomic performance of common bean.

scholarly journals Weed control in corn and weed sample size for growth evaluations

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.B. Tavella ◽  
P.S.L. Silva ◽  
V.R. Oliveira ◽  
P.L.O. Fernandes ◽  
R.P. Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Experimental Variation ◽  
Yield Values ◽  
Viable Seeds

The objectives of this study were to evaluate baby corn yield, green corn yield, and grain yield in corn cultivar BM 3061, with weed control achieved via a combination of hoeing and intercropping with gliricidia, and determine how sample size influences weed growth evaluation accuracy. A randomized block design with ten replicates was used. The cultivar was submitted to the following treatments: A = hoeings at 20 and 40 days after corn sowing (DACS), B = hoeing at 20 DACS + gliricidia sowing after hoeing, C = gliricidia sowing together with corn sowing + hoeing at 40 DACS, D = gliricidia sowing together with corn sowing, and E = no hoeing. Gliricidia was sown at a density of 30 viable seeds m-2. After harvesting the mature ears, the area of each plot was divided into eight sampling units measuring 1.2 m² each to evaluate weed growth (above-ground dry biomass). Treatment A provided the highest baby corn, green corn, and grain yields. Treatment B did not differ from treatment A with respect to the yield values for the three products, and was equivalent to treatment C for green corn yield, but was superior to C with regard to baby corn weight and grain yield. Treatments D and E provided similar yields and were inferior to the other treatments. Therefore, treatment B is a promising one. The relation between coefficient of experimental variation (CV) and sample size (S) to evaluate growth of the above-ground part of the weeds was given by the equation CV = 37.57 S-0.15, i.e., CV decreased as S increased. The optimal sample size indicated by this equation was 4.3 m².

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