scholarly journals Evaluation of a Set of Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum Accessions for β-Glucans and Microelement Contents

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 950
Author(s):  
Fadwa Elouadi ◽  
Ahmed Amri ◽  
Adil El-baouchi ◽  
Zakaria Kehel ◽  
Ghizlanne Salih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Hordeum Spontaneum ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Single Plant ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Cultivated Barley ◽  
Barley Germplasm

Barley is one of the oldest domesticated crops in the world and is mainly used for feed and malt and to a lesser extent as food. The use of barley as food is a tradition in communities in some countries of North Africa, Europe, and Asia. However, due to the health-promoting properties of barley grain, there is an increasing interest in such use. The International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) has a global mandate for barley improvement and holds rich in-trust collections of cultivated and wild Hordeum species. The present study aims to evaluate 117 accessions of Hordeum spontaneum for their contents of β-glucan and microelements for breeding new varieties with enhanced nutritional value. The bulked seed accessions of Hordeum spontaneum were grown over two seasons, and the single plant derived seeds from these accessions were compared to 36 elite lines and varieties of cultivated barley in the second season in Morocco. The results showed large differences in β-glucan and microelements in both the bulk and the single plant seed accessions. The contents of β-glucans ranged from 1.44 to 11.3% in the Hordeum spontaneum accessions and from 1.62 to 7.81% in the cultivated barley lines. Large variations were found for the microelements content, but no differences were noticed between the wild and the cultivated species. However, some accessions of Hordeum spontaneum had higher combined contents of Iron, Zinc, and Selenium. Such accessions are used in interspecific crosses to develop biofortified barley germplasm and varieties.

scholarly journals Comparative assessment of genetic diversity in wild and primitive cultivated barley in a center of diversity.

Genetics ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 981-990
Author(s):  
S Jana ◽  
L N Pietrzak
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Hordeum Spontaneum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Isozyme Loci ◽  
Cultivated Barley ◽  
Multilocus Associations ◽  
High Degree

Abstract Wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum K.) and indigenous primitive varieties of cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), collected from 43 locations in four eastern Mediterranean countries, Jordan, Syria, Turkey and Greece, were electrophoretically assayed for genetic diversity at 16 isozyme loci. Contrary to a common impression, cultivated barley populations were found to maintain a level of diversity similar to that in its wild progenitor species. Apportionment of overall diversity in the region showed that in cultivated barley within-populations diversity was of higher magnitude than the between-populations component. Neighboring populations of wild and cultivated barleys showed high degree of genetic identity. Groups of 3 or 4 isozyme loci were analyzed to detect associations among loci. Multilocus associations of varying order were detected for all three groups chosen for the analysis. Some of the association terms differed between the two species in the region. Although there was no clear evidence for decrease in diversity attributable to the domestication of barley in the region, there was an indication of different multilocus organizations in the two closely related species.

George Douglas Hutton Bell. 18 October 1905 – 27 June 1993

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
Ralph Riley ◽  
John Enderby
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Malting Quality ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Plant Breeding Institute ◽  
The Government

Douglas Bell was the doyen of British plant breeders. He worked to turn what was previously a craft that made some use of science into a science–based technology.Having taken a first–class honours degree at the University College of Wales (Bangor), Bell went to the Cambridge University Plant Breeding Institute in 1928. There he worked under the supervision of F. L. (later Sir Frank) Engledow (FRS 1946). His PhD research concerned genetic variability in barley varieties, and barley remained his principal interest henceforth. At the height of his powers Bell was able rapidly to assess the agricultural potential of wide arrays of genetically distinct lines. This was based on keen observation and the ability to discriminate among many characteristics simultaneously. It often seemed like intuition. At the same time he was a keen judge of the malting quality of barley grain and was often called on to exercise his skill in competitions.After completing the PhD requirements, Bell continued to work with Engledow in the Cambridge School of Agriculture, first as a demonstrator and then as a lecturer. Generations of students praised the clarity of his lectures. From Engledow he inherited an interest in the components of yield in cereals. Starting with the number of ears per plant, spikelets per ear, grains per spikelet and grain weight he became interested in the physiology of yield. This subsequently led him to promote attempts to use physiological characteristics to predict yielding ability in the selection of new varieties. Also during this period Bell assisted Engledow in wheat breeding, work that resulted in the development of the breadmaking winter–wheat variety Holdfast.Bell's leadership in plant breeding came to its full realization when he became Director of the Plant Breeding Institute (PBI), Cambridge, in 1947. The government had decided in the immediate postwar period to expand agricultural research in the UK. Numbers of free–standing research establishments were created with the general responsibility for them vested in the Agricultural Research Council. Under these arrangements the PBI was separated from Cambridge University. As Director, Bell together with the governing body set a policy for the institute. It was then his responsibility to choose a site (Trumpington, Cambridge), recruit a staff and plan the buildings and facilities including the farm.

The 5S rRNA gene units in ancestral two-rowed barley (Hordeum spontaneum C. Koch) and bulbous barley (H. bulbosum L.): sequence analysis and phylogenetic relationships with the 5S rDNA units of cultivated barley (H. vulgare L.)

Genome ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard R. Baum ◽  
Douglas A. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Hordeum Spontaneum ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
5S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequence Comparisons ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Cultivated Barley

5S rRNA genes from several accessions of Hordeum spontaneum and Hordeum bulbosum, wild relatives of cultivated barley, Hordeum vulgare, have been amplified by the polymerase chain reaction, cloned, and sequenced. Evaluation of aligned sequences along with principal coordinate analysis demonstrates that the two classes of 5S rDNA sequences found in cultivated barley, and subclasses (groups) of these sequences, can also be found in its closest wild relatives. The two classes of units, formerly categorized as containing short or long 5S rDNA repeats, are distinguishable by the presence or absence of a TAG repeating unit. Sequence comparisons of individual clones (units) isolated from different species have allowed us to confirm that orthology exists for several groups. This demonstration of orthologous groups suggests that the 5S rDNA sequence may be useful for further phylogenetic analysis in the genus Hordeum and possibly in the Triticeae. Key words : 5S rDNA, barley, sequence diversity, phylogenetic analysis.

SSR analysis of introgression of drought tolerance from the genome of Hordeum spontaneum into cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp vulgare)

Euphytica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 191 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Lakew ◽  
R. J. Henry ◽  
J. Eglinton ◽  
M. Baum ◽  
S. Ceccarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Hordeum Spontaneum ◽  
Ssr Analysis ◽  
Cultivated Barley ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare Ssp

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis and Seed Polymorphism in Inter sub Specific Cross of Blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper)

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (december) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manju Devi S ◽  
◽  
Jayamani P ◽  
Kumar M ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Vigna Mungo ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Single Plant ◽  
Seed Length ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Plant Yield ◽  
Breeding Lines

The present study was carried out using 189 pre-breeding lines from the cross VBN (Bg) 5 and Vigna mungo var silvestris 22/10 to study the genetic variability for nine yields and six seed traits. Significant variability was observed for all the traits studied. The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the 15 traits. High PCV was observed for number of pods per plant, seed volume, and single plant yield. The moderate to high GCV was exhibited for hundred seed weight, plant height, number of pods per plant, seed volume, and single plant yield. The heritability estimates were high for pod length, plant height, seed length, hundred seed weight, single plant yield, bulk density, seed length-width ratio and seed width. The traits viz., plant height, hundred seed weight, and single plant yield showed high heritability along with high genetic advance as per cent of mean respectively, which might be due to additive gene action. Hence, these traits could act as a better source for the breeding programme for evolving high-yielding bold seeded varieties.

COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC DIVERSITY IN WILD AND CULTIVATED BARLEY USING RIBOSOMAL DNA SPACER LENGTH VARIANTS

1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeyanthi Ramamoorthy ◽  
Daniel K. Chong ◽  
C.C. Chinnappa
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Hordeum Spontaneum ◽  
Spacer Length ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Cultivated Barley ◽  
Spacer Length Variants

Ribosomal DNA spacer length variants (slv) were used to compare the genetic diversity between Hordeum spontaneum, the supposed progenitor of cultivated barley, and landraces of barley, H. vulgare, collected from three countries in the eastern Mediterranean region. A total of six rDNA slv and six slv phenotypes were observed. All six slv and phenotypes were found in both species. Nei's heterozygosity index was higher for landraces in all three countries. Landraces possessed slightly higher diversity than H. spontaneum. Slv phenotype 1 (112, 104) was the most predominant type in both species, and the frequency distributions for the two species were similar. This suggests that H. vulgare and H. spontaneum belong to the same polymorphic species. Furthermore, H. spontaneum seen today in the eastern Mediterranean region might have been derived from an extinct two-rowed ancestor.

Evolution of wild barley at “Evolution Canyon”: adaptation, speciation, pre-agricultural collection, and barley improvement

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 22-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eviatar Nevo
Keyword(s):  
Wild Barley ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Ecological Speciation ◽  
Sympatric Speciation ◽  
Hordeum Spontaneum ◽  
Collection Site ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Evolution Canyon ◽  
World Agriculture ◽  
Cultivated Barley

The present paper reviews the state of cultivated barley,Hordeum vulgare, in Old World agriculture and its domestication through its progenitor, wild barley,Hordeum spontaneum. It focuses on the adaptation, incipient sympatric speciation, and domestication ofH. spontaneumin the “Evolution Canyon” model. The “Evolution Canyon,” at lower Nahal Oren, Mount Carmel, Israel, revealsevolution in actionat a microsite caused by interslope microclimatic divergence across life from viruses and bacteria through fungi, plants, and animals including mammals. The interslope adaptive complexes ofH. spontaneumat “Evolution Canyon” include genetic diversity, drought resistance bydehydrin I, rhizosphere bacteria, andEibi Igene promoter.Isadefense locus and vitamin E components also diverge between the opposite tropical and temperate abutting slopes. A highly likely pre-agricultural collection site ofH. spontaneumis described on the Natufian cemetery of the Oren and Um Usba caves in “Evolution Canyon”. Finally, the paper briefly reviews the remarkable interslope incipient sympatric speciation ofH. spontaneumat “Evolution Canyon”, as is true for other organisms such as bacteria,Drosophila, and spiny mice,Acomys. Sympatric ecological speciation is still controversial and “Evolution Canyon” provides an appropriate site to explore it inH. spontaneumand other organisms across life.

scholarly journals Barley Grain Development during Drought Stress: Current Status and Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mortaza Khodaeiaminjan ◽  
Véronique Bergougnoux
Keyword(s):  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Grain Development ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Large Yield ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Harsh Conditions

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) belongs to small grain cereals that cover more than 78% of the daily calorie consumption of humans. With a prediction of 9.7 billion humans in 2050 (FAO stats) and climatic changes, the question of increasing small grain cereal’s production has become an agricultural challenge. Drought exerts a strong environmental pressure, causing large yield losses worldwide. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms responsible for grain development from the fertilization to the mature dry grain is essential to understand how drought can affect this developmental program. In this book chapter, we present the physiological, molecular and hormonal regulation of barley grain development. In a second part, we describe the consequences of drought at different stage of barley development, with a special focus on the reproductive phase. Finally, in the last part, we present the different methods used to decipher new genetic information related to drought-tolerance. All this knowledge contributes to understanding the tolerance mechanisms of barley and to developing breeding strategies aiming to bring about new varieties with sustained yield in harsh conditions.

scholarly journals The new early maturing spring barley variety ‘Fedos’

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
E. G. Filippov ◽  
A. A. Dontsova ◽  
D. P. Dontsov ◽  
R. N. Bragin
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Barley Variety ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Early Maturing

In recent years, the spring-summer period of the Rostov region is characterized with a lack of moisture supply in the initial period of plant growing and formation of generative organs, as well as in the filling period of spring barley grain. The highest productivity under these conditions, according to the study of previous years, has been formed by the middle-early and early-maturing varieties. The breeding work for the development of early-maturing spring barley varieties has been going on for many decades in the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. The purpose of the current study was to develop a new highly productive early-maturing spring barley variety, adapted to the arid soil and climatic conditions of the south of Russia. The current paper has presented characteristics of the new early-maturing spring barley variety ‘Fedos’, adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of the arid Russian regions and resistant to negative environmental stress factors. The new variety was characterized by high yields (+0.4 t/ha to the standard one), large kernel (1000 kernel weight was more than 47 g), fairly high protein percentage in grain (+1.3% to the standard one). In comparison with the standard variety, the new variety has formed higher yields due to the increased number of productive stems per 1 m2 (on 12 pcs. more) and kernel weight per head (+0.2 g). In addition, the variety ‘Fedos’ produced large, well-filled kernel even in severely arid years (+5.6 g to the standard one). The new variety is more resistant to major leaf diseases than the standard one.

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